FOOTBALL

Reporters: Almacin Arianne, Bucia Liza Mae and Gelbolingo Ian Jean
What is Football?
• Definition: Football, also known as soccer, is a team sport played on a field with 11 players per
team aiming to score goals by getting the ball into the opposing team's net.
• Name Origin: The name "football" comes from the way the ball is propelled with the feet.
• Football’s governing body, the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA).
• Football, or soccer, has a deep history that originates from various cultures worldwide. While no
single person or country can claim to have invented football, the modern version of the game we
know today began in England in the 19th century.

Who is the Father of Football?

• Ebenezer Cobb Morley is often considered the "Father of Football."
• He was a key figure in forming the Football Association (FA) and helped write the first official
rules of the game.
• Before this, football had different rules in various regions, and his efforts led to a standardized
version of the sport.

HISTORY
Origins of Football
• Football traces its origins back to ancient civilizations. Games similar to football were played in
China (Cuju), Greece, and Rome, where kicking a ball was part of military training or
entertainment.
• In medieval Europe, various forms of folk football were played, often involving entire villages and
very few rules.
Development of Modern Football
• The modern version of football (soccer) was developed in England in the 19th century.
• In 1863, the Football Association (FA) was established in England, creating standardized rules.
This separated football (soccer) from rugby, which allowed handling the ball.
• The game quickly spread across Europe and other continents due to British influence.
Growth and Globalization
• The first official international match was played in 1872 between England and Scotland.
 • FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) was founded in 1904 to oversee
international competitions.
• The first FIFA World Cup took place in 1930, hosted and won by Uruguay.
Modern Football
• Football is now the most popular sport worldwide, with major tournaments like the FIFA World
Cup, UEFA Champions League, and domestic leagues attracting millions of fans.
• The sport has evolved with new technology, tactics, and professional leagues making it a global
industry.

TIMELINE
• 1863 – FA Founded: The Football Association (FA) was established in England, creating the first
official rules.
• 1871 – First FA Cup: The world's oldest football tournament, the FA Cup, was first played.
• 1872 – The first official international match was played between England and Scotland.
• 1885 – Professionalism Introduced: Football transitioned from amateur to professional status.
• 1904 – FIFA Founded: FIFA was established to govern world football.
• 1930 – First World Cup: Uruguay hosted and won the inaugural FIFA World Cup.
• 1950 – Record Crowd: Over 199,000 people attended the World Cup final at Maracanã Stadium.
• 1966 – England Wins World Cup: England won their first and only World Cup.
• 1971 – First Women's World Cup: Held in Mexico, won by the United States.
• 1992 – Premier League Formed: England's top division became the modern Premier League.
• 2006 – Zidane Headbutt: Zidane's infamous red card in the World Cup final.
• 2018 – VAR Introduced: Video Assistant Referee (VAR) used in the World Cup for the first time.
• 2020 – COVID-19 Disrupts Football: Matches were suspended or played without spectators.
• 2022 – First World Cup in the Middle East: Qatar hosted the FIFA World Cup in November-
December.

RULES AND REGULATIONS

Association football, commonly known as soccer, is governed by a comprehensive set of rules
known as the "Laws of the Game" These laws are maintained by the International Football
Association Board (IFAB) and are applied universally across all levels of play. The current edition,
the 2024/25 Laws of the Game, encompasses 17 individual laws, each detailing specific aspects
of the sport.
 1. The Field of Play: Specifies the dimensions and markings of the pitch, including goal size and
field surface requirements.
2. The Ball: Details the approved size, weight, and material of the match ball.
3. The Players: Defines team composition, including the maximum number of players on the field
and substitution protocols.
4. The Players' Equipment: Outlines mandatory gear such as jerseys, shorts, socks, shinguards,
and footwear.
5. The Referee: Describes the referee's authority, responsibilities, and decision-making powers
during the match.
6. The Other Match Officials: Covers roles of assistant referees and other officials assisting in
the game.
7. The Duration of the Match: Specifies the length of match periods, including allowances for
stoppage time and procedures for extra time.
8. The Start and Restart of Play: Explains the procedures for kick-offs, dropped balls, and other
methods of resuming play.
9. The Ball In and Out of Play: Clarifies when the ball is considered in play or out of play.
10. Determining the Outcome of a Match: Details how goals are scored and outlines tiebreaking
procedures, such as penalty shootouts.
11. Offside: Defines the offside position and the conditions under which an offside offense occurs.
12. Fouls and Misconduct: Lists actions considered fouls, the corresponding penalties, and
disciplinary measures like yellow and red cards.
13. Free Kicks: Differentiates between direct and indirect free kicks and outlines proper execution.
14. The Penalty Kick: Describes the procedure for penalty kicks awarded due to specific fouls within
the penalty area.
15. The Throw-in: Details the correct method for restarting play when the ball has crossed the
touchline.
16. The Goal Kick: Explains the procedure for goal kicks awarded to the defending team.
17. The Corner Kick: Outlines how corner kicks are taken when the ball crosses the goal line last
touched by a defender.

HOW TO PLAY THE GAME:

A standard team consists of 11 players: one goalkeeper and ten outfield players. The outfield players
are typically divided into defenders, midfielders, and forwards, each with specific roles:
• Goalkeeper: The sole player allowed to handle the ball within the penalty area, responsible for
preventing the opposing team from scoring.
• Defenders: Positioned closest to their own goal, their primary role is to stop opposing attackers.
This group includes:
• Center-backs: Guard the central area in front of the goal.
 • Full-backs: Operate on the left and right flanks, defending
against wingers and supporting offensive plays.
• Midfielders: Situated between defenders and forwards, they
link defense and attack, often controlling the game's tempo.
• Central Midfielders: Operate in the middle of the pitch,
distributing passes and supporting both defense and attack.
• Forwards: Positioned nearest to the opponent's goal, their
main objective is to score. This category includes:
• Strikers: Lead the attack and are often the primary goal
scorers.
• Wingers: Play on the left and right edges of the field,
delivering crosses into the penalty area and cutting inside to shoot.

COURT DIMENSION

Football Field Dimensions: Playing Surfaces:

• Length: 100-135 yd (90 - 120 m) Typical: Grass
Width: 40-100 yd (45 - 90 m) Alternatives: Artificial turf, dirt surfaces

Goals: Goal Area:

• Width: 8 yd (7.32 m) Rectangular zone centered on the goa20 yd
• Located at the center of each goal line (18.3 m)
Extends 6 yd (5.5 m) from each goalpost

Field Markings:
• Halfway Line: Divides the pitch into two halves
• CenterCircle: Radius of 10 yd (9.15 m) around
the center spot

Penalty Area:
• Largerarea extending 18 yd (16.5 m) from the
goalposts and 18 yd (16.5 m) into the pitch
 • 44 yd (40.32 m) from the halfway line to the penalty spot.

Penalty Mark: Corner Radius:

• Located 12 yd (11 m) from the goal line Set at 1 yd (1m) from the corner flag

HAND SIGNALS

• Direct Free Kick- Hold a hand up and point to the

defending goal.
• Indirect Free Kick-Raise your hand up to indicate an
indirect free kick.
• Corner Kick- Point to the corner arc using your hand.
• Goal Kick- Point your hand to the goal area of the
defending team.
• Penalty Kick- Point your hand or your finger to the
penalty mark.
• Caution - is given by showing a yellow card by the
referee to the player.
• Seeding off- it is a signal to the player to leave the field
by showing a red card from the referee.
• Check (VAR)- Put finger(s) to ear, while extending the
other arm/hand.
• Review (VAR)-Draw a square box (TV) in the air using
your hands/fingers.

ASSISTANT REFEREE & ADDITIONAL ASSISTANT REFEREE SIGNALS

• Substitution- Hold the flag over your head with both of your hands.
• Free Kick- Direct / Indirect free kick.1) Raise the flag, and give it a slight wave. 2. Indicate the
direction of the free kick.
• Throw in- Point the flag to the direction of the throw-in.
• Corner Kick- Point the flag to the corner arc.
• Goal Kick- Point the flag to the goal area.
• Offline(near)- Hold the flag high up to indicate offside on the far side of the field.
• Offline (middle)-Hold the flag in the middle to indicate offside in the middle of the field.
• Goal- Point at the center circle of the field, unless the ball has very clearly passed the goal line.
HOW TO WIN A GAME:
Game Structure
Team Composition: 11 players per team, including a goalkeeper.
Match Duration: 90 minutes (two halves of 45 minutes) plus stoppage time.
Scoring and Offside
Goal: Score by getting the ball over the goal line between the goalposts. Offside Rule: A player is offside
if closer to the opponent’s goal than the ball and the second-last defender at the time of the pass.
Fouls and Penalties
Direct Free Kick: Awarded for serious fouls like handball or dangerous tackles.
Penalty Kick: Awarded for fouls committed inside the penalty area.
Yellow and Red Cards: Yellow for a warning; red for expulsion from the game.

BASIC TECHNIQUE AND SKILLS

• Passing: Delivering the ball accurately to a teammate using various techniques, such as short
passes and long passes.
• Receiving: Controlling and securing the ball upon receiving a pass.
• Dribbling: Using small, controlled touches with the inside or outside of the foot to move the ball.
• Shooting: Strike the ball with the laces of the boot for power or the inside of the foot for accuracy.
• Slide Tackle: Used to dispossess an opponent by sliding on the ground.
• Standing Tackle: A more controlled approach to taking the ball away from an opponent.
Ball Control and First Touch
Managing the ball effectively upon receiving it, ensuring it remains close and controlled to facilitate
smooth transitions and plays.
Heading
Using the forehead to direct the ball, often for clearing, passing, or scoring.
Positioning and Spiral Awareness
Understanding and occupying optimal areas on the field relative to the ball, teammates, and
opponents to enhance both offensive and defensive effectiveness.
Decision Making
Assessing in-game situations swiftly to choose the most advantageous actions, such as passing,
shooting, or dribbling.
Physical Fitness
Maintaining high levels of endurance, strength, agility, and speed to meet the physical demands of
the game.
Communication
Exchanging information effectively with teammates to coordinate movements, strategies, and
ensure cohesive team play.

EQUIPMENT

Ball
• Typically made of leather or synthetic materials.
• Size 5
• Weight: 410-450 g (14-16 oz)

Player Apparel

• Jersey and short

• Socks
• Cleats
Protective Gear

• Shin Guard
• Mouth Guard
Goalkeeper-Specific Equipment

• Gloves
• Padded Jersey and Pants
Training and Accessories

• Cones & Markers

• Water Bottle
• Ball Pump
• Training Bibs