SOCCER

“The Beautiful Game”

Presented By: Dhammika N Amarasinghe

History of Soccer/Football

The cradle of football

z There is documented evidence that a game or skill
building exercise, involving kicking a ball into a small
net, was used by the Chinese military during the Han
Dynasty - around the 2nd and 3rd centuries BC.

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History of Soccer/Football
z Earlier evidence - of a field marked out to play a ball-
kicking game has been found at Kyoto, in Japan.
z Both the Greeks and ancient Romans played a
soccer-type game which resembled modern soccer -
although in this early version, teams could consist of
up to 27 players!
z It is impossible to say accurately where and when
soccer started - but it is reasonable to assume that
some type of ball game - from which the organized
sport we know today developed - has been played
somewhere on the planet for over 3000 years.

History of Soccer/Football
Soccer in Britain
z Britain is the birthplace of modern soccer/association
football.
z Scotland and England being co-founders of the
organized game. Football was a popular sport of the
masses from the 8th century onwards.
z But the game at that time was a war game!
z In medieval times, towns and villages played against
rival towns and villages - and kicking, punching, biting
and gouging were allowed.
z Hundreds of people took part and games could last all
day.
World Soccer History Timeline

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Modern Soccer/Football
z Football is a ball game played between two teams of
11 players, each attempting to win by scoring more
goals than their opponent.
z A goal results when the ball passes over the goal line
between the goalposts and under the crossbar.
z Football is played predominantly with the feet, but
players may use any part of their body except their
hands and arms to propel the ball.
z The goalkeeper is the only member of the team
allowed to handle the ball in the field of play.

Objective of the game

z Two teams of eleven players each compete to get a
spherical ball into the other team's goal (thereby
scoring a goal).
z The side which scores the most goals is the winner
(usually within 90 minutes, but other ways of
determining a winner may be used in case of a tie).
z The primary rule for this objective is that players,
other than the goalkeepers, may not handle the ball
with their hands or arms while on the field during
play.

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 Officials

z A game is presided over by a referee, who has "full

authority to enforce the Laws of the Game in connection
with the match to which he has been appointed" and
whose decisions regarding facts connected with play are
final.
z The referee is assisted by two assistant referees
(formerly called linesmen). In many games there is also
a fourth official, who assists the referee and may replace
another official should the need arise.

Teams
z Each team consists of a maximum of eleven players, one of whom
must be the goalkeeper.
z The goalkeeper is allowed to handle the ball with his hands or arms
within the penalty area (also known as the "box" or "18 yard box") in
front of his own goal.
z The other players on either side are not permitted to handle the ball
with their hands or arms whilst the ball is in play, however they may
play it with any other part of their body. The exception to this is when
the ball is kicked out of play over the touchlines and a throw in
occurs to return the ball into play.
z A number of players (usually 3) may be replaced by substitutes
during the course of the game. The usual reasons for a player's
replacement include injury, tiredness, ineffectiveness, a tactical
switch, or to waste a little time at the end of a finely poised game.
z A player who has been substituted may not take further part in the
match.

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Dimensions of a Soccer Field

This is an exclusion
zone for all players When a team kicks-off, players from the opposing team must remain a
other than the one distance of at least 10 yards (9.15 m) from the centre spot until the kick is
taking the kick in the taken which is marked by the centre circle.
event of a penalty being
awarded.

Positions

1. Forwards (Strikers/Wingers ): front line

players with scoring as their major
responsibility.
2. Midfielders (Halfbacks): Middle line
player that help forwards and
defenders.
3. Defenders (Fullbacks): back line
players who play mostly defense with
the goalie.

5
Other Essential Soccer Terms
z Indirect Free Kick: A goal may not be scored from an indirect
free kick.
z Direct Free Kick: A goal may be scored by the player striking
the free kick.
z Penalty: A penalty kick is awarded when a foul has been
committed within the penalty area in front of the goal area. A
penalty is taken by one player opposed only by the goal keeper.
z Corner Kick: A free kick taken from the corner flag by a
member of the attacking team when the ball has passed over
the goal line after last touching a defensive player. Taken from
the corner nearest to where the ball went out of bounds.
z Kickoff: Start of play at the beginning of each half and after a
goal has been scored.
z Header: Use of the head to pass or control the ball.
z Cross: A lofted pass, played across the face of a goal.
z Dribble: Controlling the ball while running.

…Contd. Other Essential Soccer Terms

z Yellow Card: A yellow card held up by a referee to

signal that an infringement of the rules meriting a
caution has occurred.
z Red Card: A red card held up by the referee
signaling that a player is being 'sent off,' - ejected
from the game. A player who receives a red card
cannot be replaced on the field of play. A red card is
issued to a player when that player has committed a
serious infraction or has been issued with two yellow
cards within the same game.
z Nutmeg: Passing or pushing a ball between another
player's legs.

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Soccer Formations
4-4-2 (most commonly
used)
3-5-2
4-3-3
Note: 4-4-2 means 4
Defenders, 4 midfielders
and 2 forwards

Sweeper (SW), Stopper (ST), Left/Right Defenders

(LD/RD), Left/Right Midfielders (LM/RM), Left/Right
Centermidfielders (LC/RC), Forwards (F1/F2):

Duration
z Standard durations
‹ A standard adult football match consists of two periods
(known as halves) of 45 minutes each. There is usually a 15-
minute break between halves, known as half-time. The end
of the match is known as full-time.
z Extra time and shootouts
‹ Most games simply end after these two halves, either with
one team winning or with a draw (a tied game). However,
some games, particularly knockout competition matches,
provide for extra time in the event of a tied result at the end
of the two halves of normal time: two further periods of 15
minutes are played.
‹ If the score is still tied after extra time, some competitions
allow the use of kicks from the penalty mark (colloquially
known as penalty shoot-outs) to determine a winner.

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Soccer Equipment

Recreational soccer needs no special

equipment - only feet and some free
space to kick a ball around! But to play
a game of organized soccer there are
several essential items of equipment
which every player must have - and
every game requires.

Soccer balls
z An official match ball is spherical and made of leather
or other suitable material.
z It is of a circumference of not more than 70 cm (28
ins) and not less than 68 cm (27 ins).
z It is no more than 450 g (16 oz) in weight and not
less than 410 g (14 oz) at the start of the match.
z It is of a pressure equal to 0.6 - 1.1 atmosphere (600
- 1100 g/cm 2 ) at sea level (8.5 lbs/sq in 15.6 lbs/sq
in)

$130.00 $110.00

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Soccer Cleats/Boots
z Soccer Cleats are called Boots in Britain and are a soccer
player's most important piece of equipment.

z Moreover it has nowadays become a fashion statement for most

footballers on the color and brand they wear.

Nike Air Zoom Total 90 III FG Adidas Predator Pulse 2 TRX FG

$170.00
$160.00

Shin Guards
Shin Guards offer excellent protection from leg
injuries and players in any game of organized soccer
are required to wear them.
There are many different styles from which to choose
- attacking players often favor light-weight guards
which don't restrict their mobility - while defenders
may choose tougher duty guards to protect them in
the tackles.

$35.00 $40.00

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Shirts/Jerseys & Gloves for Goal-
Keepers
z Authentic Soccer jerseys are made of special fiber to
regulate body temperature.
z Gloves for Goal-Keepers are not obligatory - but not
only do they provide the player with a better grip on
the ball, they also cushion and protect fingers, palms
and joints from injury.

The laws of football

Today the laws of the game are determined

by the International Football Association
Board (IFAB). The Board was formed in 1882
after a meeting in Manchester of The Football
Association, the Scottish Football
Association, the Football Association of
Wales, and the Irish Football Association. The
Fédération Internationale de Football
Association FIFA, the international football
body declared that they would adhere to the
rules laid down by the IFAB.

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The Offside Rule and Offside Trap in
Football (Soccer)
A player is in an offside position if:
‹ He/she is nearer to the opponents' goal line than both the ball and the
second last opponent.
A player is not in an offside position if:
‹ He/she is in his own half of the field of play
‹ He/she is level with the second last opponent
‹ He/she is level with the last two opponents
Committing an Offside Offence
A player in an offside position is only penalized if, at the moment the ball
touches or is played by one of his team, he/she is, in the opinion of the referee,
involved in active play by:
‹ interfering with play
‹ interfering with an opponent
‹ gaining an advantage by being in that position
No Offence
‹ There is no offside offence if a player receives the ball directly from:
‹ a goal kick
‹ a throw-in
‹ a corner kick

The Offside Rule

This is offside because the red Here we can see that the blue
number 10 is in front of all of the number 3 defender has fail to
defenders, leaving only the move up the field with rest of his
goalkeeper back which isn't enough defense and played the red
players to play him onside. This number 9 onside. This is a
position may have been forced by classic example of where the
the defenders moving forward in offside trap fails
what is called the offside trap.

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 The Offside Rule

The offside rule exists to stop goal hanging, where a The red number 9 isn't beyond the blue 4
player stands next to the opposing teams goal keeper in defender but is offside because the goal
the hope that someone can get the ball to him (probably keeper isn't back. This is one of those rare
using a long ball), so he can get it past the goal keeper. occasions where goal keeper is out of the
goal (e.g. last minute of F.A. Cup final on a
Which would make for a very boring game. corner kick) and can't get back in time but
if the attacking team play the ball as they
normally would, then it would be offside
because the offside rule requires two
defenders to be in front the attacker and
the goal keeper usually counts as a
defender.

The Offside Rule

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Major international competitions
The major international competition in football is the World Cup
organized by FIFA. The World Cup competition takes place over a four
year period. Over 190 national teams compete in regional qualifying
tournaments for a place in the finals. The final tournament, which is
held every four years, now involves 32 national teams (increased from
24 in 1998) competing over a 4 week period.
The major international competitions of the continents are:

‹ Europe: European Championship

‹ South America: Copa América
‹ Africa: African Nations Cup
‹ Asia: Asian Cup
‹ North America: CONCACAF Gold Cup
‹ Oceania: Oceania Cup

What is FIFA
Fédération Internationale de Football Association
z Is the international governing body of the sport of football.
z It is based in Zurich, Switzerland.
z FIFA was formed in Paris on March 21, 1904 and celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2004.
It announced in April 2004 that it is expecting to earn $144 million profit on $1.64 billion in
revenue between 2003 and 2006
z The organization works in conjunction with regional arms that oversee football development
in the different parts of the world. The six confederations that comprise FIFA (and the
regions that they govern) are:
‹ AFC - (Asia)
‹ CAF - (Africa)
‹ CONMEBOL - (South America)
‹ CONCACAF - (North America, Central America and the Caribbean)
‹ OFC - (Oceania)
‹ UEFA - (Europe)
z FIFA organizes, amongst others, the following football competitions:
Football World Cup, Olympic Football Tournament, Football World Youth Championship,
Football U-17 World Championship, Women's World Cup, Women's U-19 World
Championship, Confederations Cup, Club World Championship.

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 History of World Cup
z No other sporting event captures the world's imagination like
the FIFA World Cup™.
z A group of visionary French football administrators, led in the
1920s by the innovative Jules Rimet, are credited with the
original idea of bringing the world's strongest national football
teams together to compete for the title of World Champions.
z The original gold trophy bore Jules Rimet's name and was
contested three times in the 1930s, before the Second World
War put a 12-year stop to the competition.
z When it resumed, the FIFA World Cup rapidly advanced to its
undisputed status as the greatest single sporting event of the
modern world.
z Held since 1958 alternately in Europe and the Americas, the
World Cup broke new ground with the Executive Committee's
decision in May 1996 to select Korea and Japan as co-hosts
for the 2002 edition.

History of World Cup

z Since 1930, the 16 tournaments have seen only seven
different winners. However, the FIFA World Cup has also
been punctuated by dramatic upsets that have helped create
footballing history - the United States defeating England in
1950, North Korea's defeat of Italy in 1966, Cameroon's
emergence in the 1980s and their opening match defeat of
the Argentinean cup-holders in 1990.
z Today, the FIFA World Cup holds the entire global public
under its spell. An accumulated audience of over 37 billion
people watched the France 98 tournament, including
approximately 1.3 billion for the final alone, while over 2.7
million people flocked to watch the 64 matches in the French
stadiums.
z After all these years and so many changes, however, the
main focus of the FIFA World Cup remains the same - the
glistening golden trophy, which is the embodiment of every
footballer's ambition.

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 Jules Rimet Cup
z French sculptor Abel Lafleur was assigned design the
trophy.
The little trophy had a hazardous existence
z The Italian Vice-President of FIFA, Dr.Ottorino
Barassi, hid it in a shoe-box under his bed throughout
the Second World War and thus saved it from falling
into the hands of occupying troops.
z Then in 1966, the cup disappeared while on display
as part of the build-up to the World Cup in England
and was only recovered, buried under a tree, by a
little dog called Pickles.

Jules Rimet Cup

z Finally, in 1983, it was stolen again, this time in
Rio de Janeiro, and apparently melted down by
the thieves. The Brazilian Football Association,
who had earned the right to keep the trophy after
having won it three times, ordered a replica to be
made.
z The original trophy was 35cm high and weighed
approximately 3.8 kg. The statuette was made of
sterling silver and gold plated, with a blue base
made of semi-precious stone (lapis lazuli).
z There was a gold plate on each of the four sides
of the base, on which were engraved the name
of the trophy as well as the names of the nine
winners between 1930 and 1970.

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 FIFA World Cup Trophy

z With the Jules Rimet Cup now in the permanent

possession of Brazil after their third World Cup™ triumph
in Mexico City in 1970, FIFA commissioned a new trophy
for the tenth World Cup™ in 1974.
z A total of 53 designs were submitted to FIFA by experts
from seven countries, with the final choice being the
work of Italian artist Silvio Gazzaniga.
z He described his creation thus: "The lines spring out
from the base, rising in spirals, stretching out to receive
the world. From the remarkable dynamic tensions of the
compact body of the sculpture rise the figures of two
athletes at the stirring moment of victory".

FIFA World Cup Trophy

z The current FIFA World Cup™ Trophy cannot be

won outright, as the regulations state that it shall
remain FIFA's own possession. The World
Cup™ winners retain it until the next tournament
and are awarded a replica, gold-plated rather
than solid gold.
z The new trophy is 36 cm high, made of solid 18-
carat gold and weighs 4,970 grams. The base
contains two layers of semi-precious malachite
and has room for 17 small plaques bearing the
name of the winners - space enough for the
World Champions up to the year 2038.

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 World Cup Winners
Year Winner Score Runner Up Host
1930 Uruguay 4-2 Argentina Uruguay BRAZIL : 5
1934 Italy 2-1 Czechoslovakia Italy ITALY : 3
GERMANY : 3
1938 Italy 4-2 Hungary France
URUGUAY : 2
1950 Uruguay 2-1 Brazil Brazil ARGENTINA : 2
1954 Germany 3-2 Hungary Switzerland ENGLAND : 1
FRANCE : 1
1958 Brazil 5-2 Sweden Sweden
1962 Brazil 3-1 Czechoslovakia Chile
1966 England 4-2 Germany England
1970 Brazil 4-1 Italy Mexico
1974 Germany 2-1 Netherlands Germany
1978 Argentina 3-1 Netherlands Argentina
1982 Italy 3-1 Germany Spain
1986 Argentina 3-2 Germany Mexico
1990 Germany 1-0 Argentina Italy
1994 Brazil 3-2 Italy USA
1998 France 3-0 Brazil France
2002 Brazil 2-0 Germany Korea/Japan

Evolution of the World Cup soccer ball-

Adidas
Telstar: Mexico, 1970

Telstar Durlast: West Teamgeist

Germany, 1974
Germany, 2006

Tango Durlast,
Argentina 1978

Tango Espana: Spain, Fevernova TM:

1982 Korea Japan,
2002

Azteca: México, 1986

Etrvsco: Italy, 1990

Questra: USA, Tricolore:

1994 France, 1998

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World Cup soccer ball

Telstar: Mexico, 1970 Telstar Durlast R : Tango Durlast, Argentina

Adidas started to make West Germany, 1978 Soccer ball design experienced
soccer balls in 1963 but 1974 another revolution in 1978 with the
made the first official FIFA The TELSTAR was introduction of the Adidas Tango.
Adidas had created what would
World Cup ball in 1970. The again used.
become a ‘football design classic’.
first ball with 32 black and Another version Twenty panels with ‘triads’ created
white panels. The TELSTAR was the Chile the impression of 12 identical circles.
(Star of Television) was Durlast ball which For the following five FIFA World Cup
more visible on black and did not have the tournaments, the Match Ball design
white televisions (1970 FIFA black panels. was based on this design. Tango
featured improved weather resistance
World Cup Mexico™ was
qualities, and took its inspiration from
the first to be broadcast live the deep passion, emotion and
on television). elegance of Argentina

World Cup soccer ball

Tango Espana: Spain, Azteca: México, 1986 Etrvsco: Italy, 1990 This ball was a
1982 The FIFA World Cup high-tech product which was
Adidas introduced a new Mexico, saw the manufactured entirely from quality
ball which had rubber inlaid introduction of the first synthetic fibers. The lowest covering
over the seams to prevent consisted of textiles impregnated with
polyurethane coated ball latex for form stability and resistance to
water from seeping which was rain-resistant. tearing, the neoprene layer made the ball
through. The first ball with The first synthetic match water-tight and the outer skin made of
water-resistant qualities. ball, with good qualities on polyurethane layers was used for
General wear from kicking hard and wet surfaces. abrasion resistance and good rebound
however meant the rubber properties. The name and intricate
began to wear after a short design took their inspiration from Italy’s
time and needed to be magnificent, ancient history and the
contributions and fine art of the
replaced during the game. Etruscans. Three Etruscan lion heads
The last genuine leather decorate each of the 20 Tango triads.
world cup ball.

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World Cup soccer ball

Questra: USA, 1994 The technical Tricolore: France, 1998 Fevernova TM: Korea
development for the Questra took place By 1998, FIFA World Cup Japan, 2002 For FIFA World
in the adidas center for ball France was played with a ball Cup Korea Japan, 2002, Adidas
development in France, followed by test which sported the French red- created a new ball made up of
games in France, Germany and the white-blue tri-color. A complete thicker inner layers to increase the
USA with professional players, departure from the old
accuracy of the ball in flight.
amateurs and youth teams. The design traditional black and white
embodied adidas's theme for the World pattern. The first official World
Cup: innovation and "the quest for the Cup soccer ball that was in
stars". The ball was manufactured from color. The TRICOLORE used
five different materials with a flexible but underglass print technology
durable outer layer made from with a thin layer of syntactic
polyurethane. Inspired by space foam.
technology, high velocity rockets and
America’s “quest for the stars”, Questra
set new performance standards.

World Cup 2006 Soccer Ball

Traditional 32 panel hand stitched balls
have a wider target zone meaning
accuracy is hard to consistently
achieve. The new 14-panel design has
resulted in a ball with the most
consistent performance characteristics
ever, enabling the players to show their
true skills. There are fewer seams, so
the ball is rounder and performs more
uniformly, regardless of where it is hit.

The more perfect the sphere is, the more balanced it will be,
offering greater accuracy due to the predictability of its flight.
The new panel shape harmonizes the energy displacement
and minimizes the amount of corners, while the larger
Teamgeist Germany, 2006 The name refers to a panels allow for a cleaner kicking area. Perhaps the biggest
German trait: Teamgeist means team spirit, difference the players will find with the new balls will be how
they play in the wet. Normally, a wet and heavy ball behaves
something the Germans have long thrived on quite differently from a dry one. It flies slower through the
instead of individual brilliance. The revolutionary air, has a lower bounce and is more difficult to curl. A
new panel shape is designed to minimize corners patented Thermal Bonding technology makes the new ball
and to create a more homogenous system in terms virtually waterproof with identical performance
of performance and look. The radiant lines of the characteristics wet or dry. The FIFA Approved Standard for
graphics surrounding the propeller shape symbolize water absorption stipulates no more than a 10% weight
increase – the +Teamgeist’s has less than 0.1 % weight
movement and energy. increase. Similarly, it has significantly improved on all
standards for uniformity of rebound and pressure retention
$129.99! and shape and size retention. Clever design and
technologies has enabled Adidas to reduce manufacturing
tolerances to a new level.

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 World Cup

z The 2006 FIFA World Cup™ (officially

titled 2006 FIFA World Cup
Germany™, finals are scheduled to
take place in Germany between 9 June
and 9 July 2006. Qualification for the
tournament is now complete, with all 32
competing teams confirmed.

Sri Lanka in World Cup Qualifying

z Sri Lanka reached the final qualifying round of the 2004 Asian Cup
z However was quickly extinguished as they fell to six straight defeats
against Turkmenistan, the United Arab Emirates and Syria with 5-0 and
8-0 victories.
z The side suffered a similar embarrassment in the qualifying campaign
for the 2002 FIFA World Cup Korea/Japan, beaten twice each by both
Thailand and Lebanon, while securing the only points in a draw and
victory over Pakistan.
z Recover well however from their Asian Cup exit, storming to a 3-0
second-leg victory in Colombo over Laos after a battling scoreless draw
in the away leg of the Germany 2006 preliminary.
z But fighting spirit was not enough to make up for their lack of power in
the Asian Zone’s second round of qualifying for the 2006 FIFA World
Cup™ Germany.
z Team Sri Lanka were no match alongside Asian powerhouses Saudi
Arabia, Indonesia and Turkmenistan. With four defeats and two draws,
Sri Lanka finished bottom of their group.

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 Venues for World Cup 2006

Hanover Munich

Berlin

Gelsenkirchen Stuttgart
…..and more

Venues for World Cup 2006

z A total of 12 German cities have been selected to host the World Cup final

tournament. The stadium capacities shown are all seated capacities.

World Cup 2006 stadium
City Original stadium Investment Capacity
names1
Berlin Olympiastadion Olympiastadion 242 million Euro 77,176
FIFA World Cup Stadium,
Dortmund Signal Iduna Park Dortmund 46 million Euro 64,000
FIFA World Cup Stadium, 126 million Euro
Frankfurt Commerzbank-Arena Frankfurt 50,132

FIFA World Cup Stadium, 191 million Euro

Gelsenkirchen Veltins-Arena Gelsenkirchen 53,804
FIFA World Cup Stadium,
Hamburg AOL Arena Hamburg 97 million Euro 51,055
FIFA World Cup Stadium,
Hanover (Hannover) AWD-Arena Hanover 64 million Euro 44,652

Kaiserslautern Fritz-Walter-Stadion Fritz-Walter-Stadion 48.3 million Euro 41,170

FIFA World Cup Stadium,
Cologne (Köln) RheinEnergieStadion Cologne 119 million Euro 46,120
Leipzig Zentralstadion Zentralstadion 90.6 million Euro 44,199
FIFA World Cup Stadium,
Munich (München) Allianz Arena Munich 280 million Euro 66,000

Nuremberg (Nürnberg) Franken-Stadion Franken-Stadion 56 million Euro 41,926

Stuttgart Gottlieb-Daimler-Stadion Gottlieb-Daimler-Stadion 51.5 million Euro 54,267

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32 Teams qualified for the world Cup Finals
Group A Group B Group C Group D

Team Team Team Team

Germany England Argentina Mexico
Costa Rica Paraguay Côte d'Ivoire Iran
Poland Trinidad and Tobago Serbia and Montenegro Angola
Ecuador Sweden Netherlands Portugal

Group E Group F Group G Group H

Team Team Team

Team
Brazil France Spain
Italy
Croatia Switzerland Ukraine
Ghana
Australia Korea Republic Tunisia
United States
Japan Togo Saudi Arabia
Czech Republic

Matches to watch in the Group Stage

z 15 June 2006, Sweden- England

z 17 June 2006, Italy- United States
z 21 June 2006,Portugal- Mexico
z 21 June 2006, Netherlands- Argentina
z 22 June 2006, Czech Republic- Italy
z 22 June 2006, Japan-Brazil

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Players to Watch

Name: Freddy Adu Name: Cristiano Name: David Beckham

Team: USA Ronaldo Team: England
Age: 16 Team: Portugal Age: 18
Position: forward Position: Forward Position: Forward
Skill: Grate ball Age: 18 Skill: Dribbling & Shooting
control and Skill: Fast foot work,
passing. finishing
Note: Will be the
youngest player
to appear in a
World Cup

Players to Watch

Name: Michael Ballack Name: Zinedine Name: David Beckham

Team: Germany Zidane (Zizou) (Becks, spice boy )
(Captain) Team: France Team: England (Captain)
Age: 27 (Captain)
Age: 30
Position: Mid-fielder Position: Mid-Fielder
Position: Mid-fielder
Skill: Free kicks Age: 33
Skill: Excellent spot kicker
and passing Skill: Equally good (“ Bend it like
with both feet, free Beckham”)
kicks

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 Greatest Moments of World Cup

“Hand of God” Goal

z The Hand of God goal refers to an incident in the 1986 FIFA World Cup quarter-final
match between England and Argentina in the Estadio Azteca of Mexico City.
z Six minutes into the second half there were still no goals. Diego Maradona took the
ball down the pitch and crossed it to his team-mate Jorge Valdano, whose shot was
blocked by defender Steve Hodge. The English goalkeeper, Peter Shilton, came out
of his goalmouth to catch or punch the ball, but Maradona reached it first — with his
hand. The ball landed in the back of the net and, to the amazement of the English
players, neither the linesman nor the referee (Tunisian Ali Bin Nasser) had seen
Maradona's foul play, so the goal was allowed.
z The Argentines celebrated while the Englishmen protested, but to no avail. At the
press conference after the game, Maradona further infuriated the English by claiming
the goal was scored "a little bit by the Hand of God, another bit by the head of
Maradona". Decades later Maradona did admit that the ball came off his hand;
however, he maintained that it was an accident, in spite of the widely-shown video
and photographic evidence that clearly demonstrated that he touched the ball with his
forearm, until the publication of his autobiography in 2004, in which he wrote:
‹ Now I feel I am able to say what I couldn't then. At the time
I called it "the hand of God". Bollocks was it the hand of
God, it was the hand of Diego! And it felt a little bit like
pickpocketing the English.

24
 References

z www.wikipedia.com
z www.fifa.com
z www.worldsoccer.about.com

Thank You

25
 WORLD SOCCER HISTORY TIMELINE

Ancient China, the earliest mention researchers have found of a soccer like
game states that balls made of animal skin were kicked through a gap in a
2500 B.C.
net stretched between poles 30 feet high. Records indicate that tsu chu was
played as a part of the emperor’s birthday celebration.

Ancient Egypt & Near East, historians have suggested that fertility rites in
2500 B.C. Ancient Egypt and religious ceremonies in Ancient Near East may have been
linked to the development of the game.

Rome, Greece, Japan & China, references to games which were remote
B.C.'s
ancestors of football we're found.

England, one story speaks of using the enemies skull as a ball. Another tells of
100-500's
a brave village defeating a Roman team and running them out of town in
A.D.
217 AD.

Italy, the Italians played a game called "harpastum " which they introduced
200
to the British.

England, the British said that they already played a similar game. British
soldiers said that they started playing the game by kicking the skulls of
217
defeated Roman Soldiers from a liberated village. Then, Britain seemed to
play this so-called football game more than other countries.

Mexico & Central America, the creation of the rubber ball was in Mexico &
Central America. These people played games on a recessed court shaped
600-1600 like a capital "I". The court was 40-50 feet long with vertical walls several feet
high. In the middle of each wall was a mounted stone or wooden ring and
the object was to project the hard rubber ball through the ring.

Middle
Italy, British Isles & France, records of the game we're found.
Ages

England, by the 12th Century, the game had become a violent mob sport
1100's
with no rules and any sort of behavior condoned.

1314 England, King Edward II orders citizens to stop playing football.

England, edict of King Edward III forbids the game of football because it
1369
interfered with archery.

Italy, the Italians played a game called calcio with teams of 27+ people. The
1500's
game was simple: kicking, carrying or passing a ball across a goal line.

Richard Mulcaster, an English schoolmaster, mentions the game in a treatise

1561 on the education of the young, influenced by the game of calcio in
Florence.

1572 England, Queen Elizabeth I seriously bans football.

 1580 Italy, Giovanni Bardi publishes a set of rules of the game of "calcio".

England, football became legal again and by the end of the 17th century it
1605
was the country's most popular sport.

USA, in the original Jamestown settlement native American Indians played a

game called pasuckuakohowog, meaning "they gather to play ball with the
foot." Beaches, a half mile wide with goals 1 mile apart, served as playing
fields for as many as 1000 people at a time. Games were often rough,
1609
resulting in broken bones, but know one could be identified because players
disguised themselves with ornaments and warpaint making retaliate close to
impossible. It was common for games to be carried over from one day to the
next with a feast for all at the conclusion of the match.

Pacific Islands, inhabitants were early to develop games using hands and
1600's
feet. They used coconuts, oranges and pig bladders as balls.

Alaska & Canada, the native Eskimos played aqsaqtuk or soccer on ice. Balls
were stuffed with grass, caribou hair, and moss. One legend tells of 2 villages
1600's?
playing against each other with goals 10 miles apart. There is no know date
of origin.

1680 England, football wins royal patronage from King Charles ll.

USA, football was played among the Northeastern universities and colleges
1820's
of Harvard, Princeton, Amherst and Brown.

USA, Freshman and Sophomore classes at Harvard had instituted an annual

intramural football contest in 1827, played on the first Monday of the new
1827
school year. These games were evidently quite rowdy as the event was
known as "Bloody Monday".

England, the modern form of soccer originated. The sport grew among
working-class communities and was seen as a way of keeping young and
1830's energetic kids out of trouble at home and in the school; they could let off
steam and learn the values of teamwork (rampant individualism was
considered a problem at the time).

1848 England, the first Cambridge Rules are drawn up.

USA, Oneida Football Club; formed in Boston in 1862, was the first soccer club
1862
anywhere outside of England.

1863 England, The Football Association is founded.

1871 Sheffield FA played London FA in one of the first regional matches.

1872 First international football match between England and Scotland.

The four British associations agree on a uniform code and form the
1883
International Football Association Board.
 USA, USA versus Canada, first international match played between teams
1885
outside of Great Britain.

1885 The introduction of professionalism.

The Football Association starts training match officials. First meeting of the
1886
International Football Association Board.

The league system is inaugurated - professional footballers are allowed.

1888
Referees are given extensive powers of control.

1888 Introduction of the penalty kick.

The Football Association sends its first representative team abroad. A German
1899
team visits England.

FIFA is established at a meeting in Paris on 21 May by delegates from France,

1904
Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland.

1908 Football becomes an Olympic event.

1913 FIFA becomes a member of the International F.A. Board.

1920's Professionalism comes to continental European countries.

1930 First World Cup with 13 teams in Uruguay.

The Laws are set up in a new system of codification, but based on the Laws
1937/38
previously in force.

1938 English FA Cup Final televised live by BBC.

1954 Birth of Eurovision. Fifth World Cup in Switzerland.

1955 Birth of European club competitions.

1956 RAI begins regular Serie A transmissions.

1958 First live world-wide TV coverage of the World Cup.

TV rights for European Cup Final (Real Madrid v Eintracht Frankfurt) raise £
1960
8,000.

FIFA's membership reaches 100. World Cup television film flown out of Chile
1962
to Europe.

1966 Action replay machines and videotape used at 1966 World Cup.

World Cup in Mexico beamed by satellite to Europe. Live league football

1970
pioneered in Spain.

First FIFA World Youth Tournament in Tunisia (renamed World Youth

1977
Championship in 1981, for players under 20).
1979 75th Anniversary of FIFA Ð Inauguration of FIFA House.

First FIFA U-16 World Tournament in China (renamed Under-17 World

1985
Championship in 1991).

1988 Start of the FIFA Fair Play campaign.

1989 First FIFA World Championship for Five-a-side Football in the Netherlands.

1990 167 countries around the globe buy Italia 90 TV.

1991 First FIFA World Championship for Women's Football in China, won by the USA.

1994 32 billion watch USA 94 (cumulative total).

1996 Major League Soccer (MLS) begins as the top USA pro-soccer league.

1998 37 billion watch FRANCE 98 (cumulative total).

1998 Joseph S. Blatter succeeds Joao Havelange as FIFA President.

Women's World Cup Final in the Los Angeles, USA sees the USA beat China in
front of 90,185 fans. This was the largest ever attendance for a women's
1999 sporting event in world history. The tournament had over 658,000 attendees
and over 1 billion television viewers worldwide, thus not only putting women's
soccer but women's sport into mainstream society forever.

Brazil hosts the first FIFA Club World Championship, won by Corinthians of
2000
Brazil.

Korea and Japan co-host the first World Cup to be held outside Europe and
2002
the Americas.

2004 FIFA celebrates its centenary.

 Final Third Place Match
Year Host
Winner Score Runner-up 3rd Place Score 4th Place

1930
Uruguay Argentina USA
2-Apr

Yugoslavia
Uruguay n/a(1)
1934 1-Feb
Italy Czechoslo 2-Mar
Italy aet Germany Austria
vakia
1938
France 2-Apr 2-Apr
Italy Hungary Brazil Sweden
1942 ---- NOT HELD(2)
1946 ---- NOT HELD
1950
Brazil n/a(3) n/a(3)
Uruguay Brazil Sweden Spain
1954
Switzerlan
West 2-Mar 1-Mar
d Hungary Austria Uruguay
Germany
1958
Sweden 2-May 3-Jun West
Brazil Sweden France
Germany
1962
Chile 1-Mar Czechoslo Jan-00 Yugoslavi
Brazil Chile
vakia a
1966 2-Apr
England West 1-Feb Soviet
England aet Portugal
Germany Union
1970
Mexico 1-Apr West Jan-00
Brazil Italy Uruguay
Germany
1974
West
West 1-Feb Netherlan Jan-00
Germany Poland Brazil
Germany ds
1978 1-Mar
Argentina Netherlan 1-Feb
Argentina aet Brazil Italy
ds
1982
Spain 1-Mar West 2-Mar
Italy Poland France
Germany
1986 2-Apr
Mexico 2-Mar West
Argentina France aet Belgium
Germany
1990
Italy West Jan-00 1-Feb
Argentina Italy England
Germany
1994 0-0
USA Apr-00
Brazil (3 - 2) ps Italy Sweden Bulgaria
1998
 France Mar-00 1-Feb Netherlan
France Brazil Croatia
ds
South
2002
Korea
Feb-00 2-Mar
South
& Japan Brazil Germany Turkey
Korea
2006
Germany
2010 South
Africa
2014 South
America

FIFA hasn't yet specified which continent will host the World Cup in 2018
and 2022, even though several nations have already announced their
intention to bid.

1 There was no official World Cup Third Place match in 1930; USA and Yugoslavia lost
in the semi-finals.
2 At their 1939 Congress, FIFA did not arrive at a decision on whether the 1942 World Cup
should be held in Brazil or Germany, and decided to adjourn until their next meeting.
Shortly after this, WWII broke out, and all planning was destroyed.

3 There was no official World Cup final match in 1950. The tournament was decided in a
final group contested by four teams. However, Uruguay's 2-1 defeat of Brazil was the
decisive match which put them ahead on points and ensured that they finished top of