TEAM ROSHTECH

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON

FUTM-STA127
1. The cumulative function of a random discrete variable V is often written as
(a) F(x) (b) f(x) (c) F`(x) (d) f`(X) (e) d(x)
2. Ten percent of the tools produced in a certain manufacturing process turns out to be
the defective. Find the probability that in a sample of 100 tools at random, exactly
two will be defective
(a) 0.0023 (b) 0.23 (c) 0.023 (d) 23 (e) 0.00023
3. Which of the following distributions has the variance of the number of occurrences
equal to the mean number of occurrences?
(a) Bernoulli Distribution (b) Normal Distribution (d) Poisson Distribution (e)
Geometric Distribution
4. The probability density function of a random discrete variable X is often written as
(a) F(x) (b) f(x) (c) F`(x) (d) f`(x) (e) d(x)
5. Suppose that 4% of items manufactured by a certain factory are defective. Find the
probability that in a sample of 100 items selected random, there would be two
defectives.
(a) 0.9082 (b) 0.9084 (c) 0.9261 (d) 0.8761 (e) 0.3451
6. If a worn machine tools produce 1% defective parts and the parts produced are
independent. Find the mean number of the defective parts out of 25
(a) 0.01 (b) 0.252 (c) 0,05 (d) 0.50 (e) 0.25
7. Supposed that 4% of the items manufactured by certain factory are defective.
Determine the probability that in a sample of 100 items at random. There would be
at least 4 defectives
(a) 0.1934 (b) 0.1944 (c) 0.1945 (d) 0.1945 (e) 0.5705
8. 260 bolts are examined as they are produced and 5 of them are found to be
defective. Find the probability of a bolt selected is not defective
(a) 1 (b) 0.921 (c) 0.234 (d) 0.12 (e) 0.981
9. On the basis of pass experience, the probability that a certain electrical component
will be satisfactory is 0.98. The components are sampled item by item from
continuous production. In a sample of five components. What is the probability of
finding exactly two defective?
(a) 0.0038 (b) 0.00038 (c) 0.32 (d) 0.032 (e) 0.3222
10. The probability that a thirty – year –old man will survive a fixed length of time is
0.995. An insurance company sells him a N20,000.00 life insurance policy for this
 length of time for a premium of N200.00. What is the expected gain for the
insurance company?
(a) N700.00 (b) N300.00 (c) N500.00 (d) N100.00 (e) 50.00

11. Find the value of z such that P(Z>z)=0.05

(a) 1.65 (b) 1.96 (c) 2.65 (d) 2.453 (e) 0

12. A machine produces 22 items during a shift. Three of the 22 items are defective and
the rest are non-defective. In how many different order can the 22 items be
arranged if all the defective items are considered identical and all the non-defective
items are identical of a different class?
(a) 1530 (b) 2171 (c) 1540 (d) 1276 (e) 2109
 What does a probability of 0 indicate?
 A) The event will occur with certainty
 B) The event will not occur
 C) The event may or may not occur
 D) The event has an equal chance of occurring or not occurring
 What does a probability of 1 indicate?
 A) The event will not occur
 B) The event will occur with certainty
 C) The event may or may not occur
 D) The event has a 50% chance of occurring
 In mathematical terms, probability is defined as:
 A) The ratio of the number of favorable outcomes to the total number of possible outcomes
 B) The ratio of the number of unfavorable outcomes to the total number of possible out-
comes
 C) The total number of possible outcomes divided by the number of favorable outcomes
 D) The sum of all possible outcomes
 Why is probability essential in statistics?
 A) It measures the exact outcome of random events
 B) It provides a framework for making predictions and informed decisions
 C) It eliminates all uncertainty in statistical analysis
 D) It guarantees the accuracy of statistical data
 The probability of an event occurring is expressed as a number between:
 A) -1 and 1
 B) 0 and 100
 C) 0 and 1
 D) 0 and infinity
18. What are the three main concepts of probability?
 A) Subjective, Empirical, Theoretical
 B) Classical, Relative Frequency, Axiomatic
 C) Bayesian, Frequentist, Axiomatic
 D) Empirical, Subjective, Theoretical
 Which probability concept is based on equally likely outcomes?
 A) Axiomatic
 B) Relative Frequency
 C) Classical or Equally Likelihood
 D) Subjective
20. In the Classical concept of probability, how is the probability of an event calculated?
 A) By counting the number of favorable outcomes only
 B) By dividing the number of favorable outcomes by the total number of possible outcomes
 C) By averaging past occurrences
 D) By subjective judgment
 Which probability concept is typically based on past data and observed frequencies?
 A) Classical
 B) Axiomatic
 C) Relative Frequency
 D) Theoretical
22. What does the Axiomatic concept of probability rely on?
 A) Basic assumptions and rules that are universally accepted
 B) Counting all possible outcomes
 C) Prior observations and experiments
 D) Personal judgment
 Which field is probability NOT commonly applied in?
 A) Finance
 B) Medicine
 C) Astrology
 D) Engineering
 In decision-making processes, what is one of the main roles of probability?
 A) Estimating the certainty of an event
 B) Establishing absolute truths
 C) Eliminating all risks
 D) Confirming personal beliefs
 Which of the following is a practical application of probability?
 A) Assessing the effectiveness of a new drug
 B) Predicting daily weather with perfect accuracy
 C) Determining the outcome of a coin toss with no uncertainty
 D) Providing a definitive answer to a philosophical question
How does probability assist in risk management in insurance?
 A) By determining a fair price for policies based on risk
 B) By removing all risks from a policy
 C) By guaranteeing profits regardless of circumstances
 D) By eliminating the need for data analysis
 In which of the following cases would probability be least useful?
 A) Predicting election outcomes
 B) Assessing survey opinions
 C) Forecasting the stock market trends
 D) Finding the exact number of stars in the galaxy
29. A probability function is given by p(0) = 0.3164, p(1) = 0.4219, p(2) = 0.2109, p(3) = 0.0469
and p(4) = 0.0039. Find its mean and variance.
 A) 1.00 and 0.34
 B) 1.00 and 0.70
 C) 1.00 and 0.85
 D) 1.00 and 0.75
 E) 1.00 and 0.89
30. there are two kinds of random variables
 A) discrete and digital random variables
 B) discrete and continuous random variables
 C) normal and lognormal random variables
 D) discrete and Poisson random variables
 E) discrete and Binomial random variables

31. A random variables that can only take on specific or integer value in its domain is called
 A) parato random variable
 B) Exponential random variable
 C) normal random variable
 D) Continuous random variable
 E) discrete random variable
32. A random variable that can take any value in its domain is called
 A) binomial distribution
 B) Bernoulli distribution
 C) continuous random variable
 D) poison
 E) geometric
33. the parameters of binomial distribution are
 A) n and p
 B) n, c, and p
 C) a, b , c and p
 D) p and q
 E) all of the above
34. the variance of Bernoulli distribution is
 A) npq
 B) pq
 C) p/q
 D) np/q
 E) np/pq
35. For a binomial disrtibution with parameter n=5 and p= 0.3, find the probability of exactly 3
successes
 A) 0.005
 B) 0.0032
 C) 0.13423
 D) 0.323
 E) 0.542
36. Ten percent of the tools produced in a certain manufacturing process turns out to be
defective. Find the probability that in a sample of 100 tools chosen at random, exactly two will be
defective.
 A) 0.0023
 B) 0.23
 C) 0.023
 D) 23
 E) 0.00023

37. A probability function is given by p(0) = 0.3164, p(1) = 0.4219, p(2) = 0.2109, p(3) = 0.0469 and
p(4) = 0.0039. Find its mean and variance.
 A) 1.00 and 0.34
 B) 1.00 and 0.70
 C) 1.00 and 0.85
 D) 1.00 and 0.75
 E) 1.00 and 0.89
38. there are two kinds of random variables
 A) discrete and digital random variables
 B) discrete and continuous random variables
 C) normal and lognormal random variables
 D) discrete and Poisson random variables
 E) discrete and Binomial random variables
39. For a binomial distribution with parameter n=5 and p= 0.3, find the probability of exactly 3
successes
 A) 0.005
 B) 0.3087
 C) 0.13423
 D) 0.1323
 E) 0.542
40. Ten percent of the tools produced in a certain manufacturing process turns out to be defective.
Find the probability that in a sample of 100 tools chosen at random, exactly two will be defective.
 A) 0.0023
 B) 0.23
 C) 0.023
 D) 23
 E) 0.00023
41. Suppose that 4% of the items manufactured by a certain factory are defective. Find the
probability that in a sample of 100 items selected at random, there would be at least two
defectives.
 A) 0.9082
 B) 0.9084
 C) 0.9261
 D) 0.8761
 E) 0.3451
42. If a worn machine tools produces 1% defective parts and the parts produced are independent,
find the mean number of defective parts out of 25.
 A) 0.01
 B) 0.252
 C) 0.05
 D) 0.50
 E) 0.25
43. 260 bolts are examined as they are produced and 5 of them are found to be defective. Find
the probability a bolt selected is not defective.
 A) 1
 B) 0.921
 C) 0.234
 D) 0.12
 E) : 0.981
44. On the basis of past experience, the probability that a certain electrical component will be
satisfactory is 0.98. The components are sampled item by item from continuous production. In a
sample of five components, what is the probability of finding exactly two defectives?
 A) 0.0038
 B) 0.00038
 C) 0.32
 D) 0.032
 E) 0.3222
45. A probability function is given by p(0) = 0.3164, p(1) = 0.4219, p(2) = 0.2109, p(3) = 0.0469 and
p(4) = 0.0039. Find its mean and variance.
 A) 1.00 and 0.34
 B) 1.00 and 0.70
 C) 1.00 and 0.85
 D) 1.00 and 0.75
 E) 1.00 and 0.89