Pcu/COS/598-2021

KW AME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENC

E AND TECHNOLOGY, KUMASI
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
FACULTY OF PHYSICAL AND COMPUTATIO
NAL SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT Of STATISTICS AND ACT
UARIAL SCIENCE
BSc. Mathematics, Statistics and Actu aria l
Science
Year: 2
END OF SEMESTER EXAMINATION, 202 1
STAT 265 : PRO BA BIL I~ AND STA TIS TIC
S II
APRIL, 202 1
TIM E: 2 HOURS

Yo ur Ind ex Nu mber

Re ad the Ins tru cti on s Car efu lly:

(i) Wr ite you r ind ex num ber CLEARLY at the

top righ t of this
pag e in the spaces pro vide d.

(H) You are to ANS WE R ALL the 60 que stio

ns by shading on
the sca ntro n pro vide d, the alph abe t tha
t corresponds to
you r choice of cor rec t answer. · q
(iii) In an inst anc e whe re the re is no ans
wer to a que stio n,
sha de E on the sca ntro n.

(iv) At the end of the ex am ina tion per iod

, you are to sub mit
ONLY, th e sca ntro n pap er to the inv igil
ato r(s)
(v) In addition to this qu estion paper, you are
to be given a
sta nda rd Normal Tab le

(vi ) You are allo we d to tak e your question

paper away at
the end of the exa min ati on .

You are NOT to sta rt wo rk or .turn to the

nex t pag e unt il you are told
to do so. .
·
 1. A witness reported that a car seen speeding away from the scene of the crime had a nutnbet
plate that began with V or W, the digits were 4,7 and 8 and e nd letters were A,C,E. He could
not however remember the order of the digits or the end letters. How many ways cars would
need to be checked to be sure of including the suspect car?
a) 15 L\ , 1 ts
~~ ~c~
c) 65
d) 72

Use the information below to answer questions 2 and 3

are laid out in line.

-
The letters of the word MATHEMATICS are written, one of each of 11 separate cards. The cards
...

2. Calculate the number of different arrangements of these letters

a) 4989600 \\
b) 4098960
c) 4896900
d.) 4967670

3. Detennine the probability that the vowels are all placed together.
a) 0.023
b) 0.024 G\ _,.; , '- '
c) 0.025
d) 0.026

4. The probability that it will be a fine day is 0.4. Find the expected number of fine days in a
week and also the standard deviation.
a) 2.8 and 1.69 respectively
b) 1.69 and 2.8 respectively
c) 2.8 and 1.3 respectively
d) 1.3 and 2 .8 respectively

5. A box contains a large number of pens. The probability that a pen is faulty is 0.1. How many
pens would you need to select to be more than 95% certain of picking at least one faulty
one? r.- ) c::- o, \
a) 26 \> ,-\
b) 27 <-,if_-;..
c) 28
d) 29

2
 Use this ieformation to answer questions 6 to 8

On an average, the schoo l photo copie r breaks down eight times during
the school week
(Monday to Friday). Assum ing that the numb er of breakdowns can
be modelled by a Poisson
distribution, find the probability that it breaks down
•' \
( \./\ 1; ,., ·\ )
6. Five times in a given week ►i - ~1 ,,,,J ', - '--

a) 0.0916
b) 0.0864
c) 0.1453
d) 0.3214

7. Once on Monday
a) 0.233
b) 0.322 ....
c) 0.323 ',.,..~
,t... \.

d) 0.373

8. Eight times in a fortnight

a) 0.0120
b) 0.1201
c) 0.2010
d) 0.2100

9. Which of the following represents a valid probability table?

i)

/ Outco mes I1 2 3 4 5
/ Probability j 1/ 5 1/5 1/5 1/5 1/5 I
ii)

Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5
Probability 1/ 2 1/5 1/10 1/10 1/1

a) i
b) ii
c) i and ii
d) Not enoug h inform ation

3
 " actly two h eads"?
10. In 3 tosses of a coin which of the followi ng equals the event ex

{THH ,H'f,H ,Hl(J, Hf!H} Z ..\-os).J:U ~ ~

c•» t"' ~
, , ....
I. , ·
,,,,T ttt\
II II. {THH, H~H, HHT} {+-' ~+\ ,+'~', ~,, , . ., ,
,.. 1c \ .. , :-\
!
Ill. {HTH,THH} -- ,1\\ ,'1 •

I a) I Only,
b) II only
c) III only
+H-\""R' HtiT • f-lT't'\ ,·\-\',, ,, I \ •

d) II and III
ns 11 and 12
These questio ns all refer to the figure below, use it to answer questio

11. The probability x represen ts

a) P(Ai)
b) P(A1IB2) ✓
c) P(B2 l/4)

d) P( c, jB2 n /4 )

12. The probability y repres ents

a) P(B2 )

b) P(/4 IB2)
c) P( B l/4)
2

d) P( Ci /B2 n /4) ./
are indepe ndent
13. Which of the following joint pdfs for a random variable X and Y
2 3
1. f (x,y) = 4x y

I (x, y) = ½(x 3y + xy )
3
11 •

,,•.. \r le r'-}) -:. 6 e- ~-~\.I

,,#

4
 111. I (x, y) == 6e-3x-2y
a) I only
b) II only
c) III only
d) I and II

14 - Suppo se X ~ Berno
ulli ( 0) where 0 is unknown. Which of the following is the correc
t
statem ent?
a) The rando m variable is discrete, the space for 0 discrete
):>) The rando m variable is discrete, the space for 0 is contin uous
c) The rando m variable is continuous, the space for 0 is discre
te
cl) The rando m variable is continuous, the space for 0 is contin
uous.

15. Let A and B be two events. Suppose that the probability that
neithe r event occurs is 3/8.
What is the probability that at least one of the events occurs?
a) 3/8
b) 4/8
c) 5/8
I
d) 6/8

16. Let C and D be two events. Suppose P( C) = 0.5, P( cnD ) = 0.2

and
P((CUDY)=0.4 . What is P(D)?
a) 0.2
b) 0.3
c) 0.4
cl) 0.5

;f<. 17. A test is graded on the scale 0 to 1, with 0.55 needed to pass. Student scores are modeled by
the following density: \
<>
►.- ...
.,.. 'l
1 --:-...,
4x for O~x ~ -
2 e;,'~

1
/(x)= 4-4x for -~x ~l
2
0 Other wise

What is the probability that a rando m studen t passes the exam?

5
 a) 0.305
b) 0.403
c) 0.405
d) 0.505

Use the information below to answer questions 18 to 19

Suppose Xis a random variable with cumulative density function

0 for x<O
0~
f ( x) = x (2 - x) for O~ x ~ _l
{
1 for x > I

18. Find E(X)

a) 1/3
b) 1/12
c) 2/3
d) 2/12

19. Find P(X <0.4)

a) 0.60
b) 0.61
c) 0.62
d) 0.64

20. Compute the mean and variance of a random variable whose distribution is uniform on the
interval [ m, n]
ffV' , "l
b+a (b+a)2
a) - - and
2 12
b+a (b-a}2
b) - - and
2 12
m+n (n-m)1
0 -2- and 12

m+n (m-n)2
d) - - and .,,
2 12

6
 2 1. A Stati · ·
a) Ste ls:
b) ; sample characteristic
c) · a P0 Pulation characteristic
d c. unknown
) d. nottnallYdistrl'bute d

Use the information below to answer the next four questions 22 to 26

Let X have range [ 0,§] and density / ( x) = kx 2

• Let Y = X3

✓- 22 · Find the value of k

a) 1/3
b) 2/3
c) 2/9
d) 1/9

23. Find the cumulative distribution function of X

x3
a) F=-
X 27
2
b) F=~
X 27
3
c) F=~
X 7
x2
d) F =-
/ X 7
24. Compute E(Y)
a) 27 /2
b) 27 /3
c) 27 /4
d) 27 /5

25. Find the explicit integral of Var (Y)

f
2 2
6
a) x x~-(E (Y))

b) Jx x~-(E( Y 2))
6

3 6 x2 ( z))
Jx x-dx-(E Y
c)

l\ .
,~
0

~6
X.
9
~
~
-z..
-;("___..
-q
~ .t
- Ct:~")\)?..
7
 3 2 .

d) f x x~dx-(E(Y))
0 9
6 2

26. Find the probability density function for y

a) F =-27I E [o 3] .,,..
y '
1
b) F
y
=-e[O
27
X
'
1]
-- -
\ 'j -
c) FY =-e[O
27 ' 3] .,.

d) F
Y
=~e[O
27 '
1]
2
27. Suppose Xis a random variable with E ( X) = 5 and Var ( X) =2. What is E ( X )?
a) 24 £ ( t ,-:.. ~ \J a., (,c \ -- ::i

~ 25
c) 26 E C?<-~) =- ~ -.-':.
d) 27

Use the iefom,ation below to answer questions 28 and 29

A random variable X has a pdf P ( X = x) for x = 1, 2, 3 as shown

,~6
28. Calculate E ( X)
a) 2.0
6) 2.1
c) 2.2
d) 2.3

29. Calculate E(SX +3)

a) 10
b) 11
c) 12
cl) 13

8
Use the information below to answer questions 30 to 31
.
by credit card. Find the pr 0 b abili.ty that lil
At Sellital Supermarket, 60f{_i:, of cust ome rs pay . . .
a
rand omly selec ted sample of ten cust ome rs (Hin
• t: Bmo nual Dist will be helpful)

30. Exactly two pay by cred it card \ .'

a) 0.011
b) 0.111
c) 0.121
d) 0.122

31. Mor e than seve n pay by cred it card.

a) 0.1
b) 0.17 ';JC.L 1 'I I I I

c) 0.28 L ,

d) 0.43

32. The gam ma func tion is defin ed as

00

a) r(a )= Jya -Ie-y dy

0
00

b) r(a ) = Jya+le-ydy jcr j~ \

0 rCc ():: : e--s cl~
b

fya-1 eYdy
co

c) r (a) =
0 \c \,\
-.J
c.'." - \
, _>
~
'-' ,.,
~ (I

fya+le ydy
co

d) r( a)=
0

33. The jacobian of trans form ation for / ( Xi,X2

)wit h transform ation :r; = X 1 and f; = X 1 + X 2
is determined as?
ox, OX1 --
I

0yl 0 Y2 C
a) J(x ,y) =
OX2 6X2
<5y1 6Y2
-'
<5x2 6X1
<5y, 6Y2
b) J(x, y)=
OX2 6X2
0yl 6Y2

9
 OX1 OX
---.:.1..

c) J(x ,y) = 0yl oy2

OX1 OX2
0)11 oy2
OX1 OX1
d) J(x ,y) = 0yl oy2
OX2 OX2
OJi oyl

34. Circuits for I pho ne are pac ked

into boxes of 500. On an average, 0.
7% of the circuits are
fou nd to be bro ken whe n the circuits
are unpacked. Find, cor rect to two sign
the pro bab ility that a box of 500 circ ificant figures,
uits, exactly three are bro ken (Hint,
app rox ima tion to binomial) Poisson
a) 0.86
b) 0.54
c) 0.42
d) 0.22

35. The num ber of birt hs ann oun ced

in the pers ona l colu mn of a loca l wee
be mo del led by a Poi sso n dist ribu kly new spa per may
tion wit h mea n 2.4. Fin d the prob abil
par ticu lar wee k, thre e or few er birt ity that , in a
hs will be ann oun ced .
a) 0.221
b) 0.33 2 ..,_ . "-\
c) 0.779
d) 0.997

Use the information below to answer ques

tions 36 to 37
A con tinu ous ran dom vari able has
a p.d .f f ( X) whe re

k(4 x-x 2 ) O~ x~2

f (x) = { O Otherwise ' -!-:. .

36. Fin d the valu e of k I

I
I
a) 3/1 6
b) 3/1 5
c) 1/6
d) 3/7

10

I
I
 37. Find P(X <1)
a) 0.3125
t, ,,-::.,_ ,. , \ --
b) 0.2315 \ '- ~ ' - (),~ ~, ~
c) 0.21 33 ·_, ; ·_ l ~--
d) 0.12 33 ~ ~':? '?
() ' - -~.
:, ,

_38. Find the mom ent gene ratin g func tion of the binomial di
. .
a) Mx( t)== (e'x p+l -pf stnbu tionX ~ B(n p)
'·
b) MX (t) == ( e' - pr
c) Mx (t) ==(p+I- pf
d) Mx (t) = (e' x p+ I - p)
39. Find the first mom ent of the func tion
a) E(X)=M' (t) = p
b) E(X) =M' (t) =nx p
c) E(X )=M '(t)= n
d) E(X )=M ' (t)= nxp +l
..
40. Find the seco nd mom ents of the function.
a) E(xi)=M"(t)= p[(n -l)x p+l ]

b) E(x i)=M "(t) =n[ (n-l )xp+ l]

c) E(xi) =M" (t) = np [ ( n + 1) x p + l]
d) E (xi) = M" (t) = np [ ( n - l) X p +I]

41. Whic h of the following is NOT a characteristics of

joint probability mass function

a) fxr( x,y) ~O
b) LLfxr (x,y)
X y

c) f xr (x,y) = F(x)F(y)
d) f XY ( x, y) = p ( X = x, y = y)

11
 42. If X and y are continuo us random variables with joint probability density function f xr '
then, the marginal density function of Xis given as
a) Ix (x) =ffxr (x,y)dy
y

b) Ix (x) =f lxr (x,y)dx <--

X

c) fx (x) =ffxr ( x, y )dx-

y

d) f
fx (X) = I xr ( x, Y)dy .__.
X

43. If X and Y are continuo us random variables with joint probability density function
f xr,
then, E ( x) is given as
co co
a) E(x) =ff Yfxr (x,y)dydx
--00 --00

co co
b) E(x) =ff x 2JXY (x,y)dydx
--00 0
co co
c) E(x) =ffY 2 fxr (x,y)dydx
--00 0
co co

d) E(x)= JJxfxr(x,y)dydx..,,
--00-<)()

44. A fair coin is tossed three times. Let X be the random variable which is one if the
first 1
throw is T (for tails) and the third throw is H (for heads), zero otherwise. Let Y denote
the
random variable that is one if the second and the third throws are both H ,zero otherwis
e.

.I a)
b)
c)
The covarian ce Cov ( X, Y) is
1/8
-1/8
1/16
d) 1/32

12
,
Use the information below to answer questions 45 to 46

Eggs are packed into boxes of 500. On average 0. 7% of the eggs are found to be brokes when the
eggs are unpacked. Find, correct to two significant figures, the probability that in a box of 500 egs

45. Exactly three are broken

a) 0.12
b) 0.22
c) 0.32
d) 0.42

46. At least two are broken

a) 0.68
b) 0.75
c) 0.78
d) 0.86

Use the information below to answer questions 47 to 49

/
The continuous random variable Y has a rectangular distribution

1 1f 1f

F (y) = 1( for - 2 SY s 2
{ 0 otherwise

47. Find the mean and variance

2 .
1(
a) Oand -
2
1(
b) 0 and
2
1(2
c) 1 and
2
1(
d) 1 and
2

48. Using the normal standard ta bles find P(Z < 0.85)
a) 0.2437 <> -<?:S -
b) 0.4635 u. I-\ C 'l'T ~
c) 0.6853
d) 0.8023

13
 49. Us ing the no rm al sta nd ard
tables find P( -2 .69 6 < Z <
1.865)
a) 0.9655
b) 0.9965
c) 0.9690
d) 0.3 25 0

50. Le ng ths of me tal str ips pro

I
du ce d by a ma ch ine are no rm
15 0c m an d a sta nd ard dev iat all y dis tri bu ted wi th me an len
ion of 10 cm . Fin d the pro bab gth of
sel ect ed str ip is sho rte r tha ilit y tha t the len gth of a ran do ml y
n 16 5c m,
a) 0.83
b) 0.88
c) 0.93 ' .
d) 0.9 6

51. An act ua ry de ter mi ne s

tha t the claim size for a cer tai
X, wi th mo me nt ge ne rat ing fun n class of acc ide nts is a ran do
cti on m variable,

MX ( t) = ( 1
1- 25 00 (
r' Ca lcu lat e the sta nd ard dev iat
ion of the cla im size for this
class of acc ide nts .
a) 1,3 40
b) 5,0 00
c) 8,660
d) 10,000

52 . Th e wa rra nty on a ma ch
ine spe cif ies tha t it will be rep
oc cu rs first. Th e ma ch ine 's lac ed at failure or age 4, wh ich
age at failure, X, has den sit y ev er
fun cti on

.!_ , O<x < 5 ' 3

f ( X ) == 5
{ 0, Ot he rw ise
Le t Yb e the ag e of the ma
ch ine at the tim e of rep lac em
ent . Calculate the var ian ce of Y.
a) 1.3
b) 1.4
c) 1.7
d) 2.1

14
 ,t

53. An insu ran ce com pan y insures a

large num ber of drivers. Let X be the
ran dom variable
representing the company's losses und
er collision insurance, and let Y represe
com pan y's losses und er liability insu nt the
rance. X and Yha ve join t density fun
ction.
2x +2 -y
f ) ---, 0< x< l,0 <y <2
f ,x, y = 4 ..
, Calculate the probability .
that the total company loss 1s
\ 0, Otherwise
__ •, .,
·at leas t 1. ...; _":-:, . . . " .. '

a) 0.33
b) 0.38
c) 0.41
d) 0.71

54. X and Y are ind epe nde nt ran dom

variables with com mon mo men t generating fun
ction
M (t) = exp ( ~ ) , Let W = X + Y and Z = Y - X . Determine ~ e joint moment gen
erating

\" \ ~ \ -=- "" '< \'

function, M ( ft> t ) of W and Z .
2 \.'.:: \ ' \ ,\ ·- " ·' '.'
a) exp(t~ + t;} 2
- ..... ,- ~

b) exp(2t; +2 ti)
:::.., ~ -;e_-\~ -(\ ~ -.\;. : ,
c) exp(t; ,ti)
d) exp (ti, ti)

..L.... 55. Let X and y be con tinu

ous ran dom variables with joint density
function

f ( x, y) == {¾ xy, O~ x ~ I, x ~ Y ~ 2x, Calculate the covariance of X and Y.

0, Otherwise
"<: ,,:__1;. "_
a) 0.04 .,.I,

,
., : _)
. __, .
b) 0.25 - 0 'u -~
~

c) 0.67
d) 0.80 <l,

15
 56 · .u::- t X an d y den
l • I
ote the d fa fiv e-y
'b d
distn ute on the interv
val ues of two sto cks at the
al (0, 12). Given X: :: x, y is
° ear per iod . Xi s
....ibute d o h ~ru'f 0 .rtnly
· un1· cormlY diSi..,..
en
x). Calculate Co v(X , }') acc L'
.. n t e ltlt
ord ing to
' etval (0,
a) 0 this model. ( ,') • ':.
b) 4 $ ~ · · ':t __ , . '{ {
( , p '\ ,, , • 1 .,_,... ,
c) 6 0
d) 12
57 • The sto ck pn.ces of two com · ear
variables X and Y tha t follow
pan ies at the end of any giv en Y are .mo deled with ran d
: a distribution wit h joi nt den om
sity fun ctw n
\

. f(x ,y) = {2x, O< x< I x< y< x+ I

- - ' - -
0, Otherwise
'
De ter mi ne the con dit ion al var ·
ian ce· O f Y giv
·
en that X = x
'
·
a) 1/1 2
b) 7/6
c) 4/6
d) x+ 1/2

58. Le t X and Y be c~n tin uou

s ran do m variables wit h joi nt
den sity fun cti on
f ( x, Y ) = {
a) 1/2 7
24.xy,
O
O.:
,
s;x.:s;
Oh
I, O.:
.
t erwise .
s;y .:s;I-x [
. Calculate P Y < X X =-
3
l]
·
b) 2/2 7
c) 1/4
cl) 1/3

59. Gi ven the joi nt pc.if f ( x,y

) ={6 [ l- ( x + Y)], x> 0,y >0 ,x+ y< 1
0, Otherwise
fin d the ma rgi nal dis trib uti on
of X.
a) 6[0 .5x2 -x-o.s]
b) 6[ 0.5x 2 +x +0 .5]
c) [o.5x -x+o.s] /
2

d) 6[ 0.5x 2 -x+ 0.5 ] /

¥ ' · •;.

60. Wh ich of the following is

od d
a) Un ifo rm Dis trib uti on
b) Exponential Distribution
/.
c) No rm al Dis trib uti on /
d) Po iss on Dis trib uti on /

deGrajt Johnson
f6