Unit – IV

1. Two fair coins are flipped. As a result of this, tails and heads runs occurred where a tail run is
a consecutive occurrence of at least one head. Determine the probability function of number of
tail runs.
a) 12
b) 56
c) 3219
d) 673
Answer: a
Explanation: The sample space of the experiment is S = {HH, HT, TH, TT}. Let X is the number of
tails and It takes up the values 0, 1 and 2. Now, P(no tail) = p(0) = 14, P(one tail) = p(1) = 24 and
P(two tails) = p(2) = 14. So, X is the number of tail runs and it takes up the values 0 and 1. P(X = 0) =
p(0) = 24=14.

2. The length of alike metals produced by a hardware store is approximated by a normal

distribution model having a mean of 7 cm and a standard deviation of 0.35 cm. Find the
probability that the length of a randomly chosen metal is between 5.36 and 6.14 cm?
a) 0.562
b) 0.2029
c) 3.765
d) 1.576
Answer: b
Explanation: Let L be the random variable that represents the length of the component. It has a mean
of 7 cm and a standard deviation of 0.35 cm. To find P( 5.36 < x < 6.14). For x = 5.36, z = 5.36–60.35 =
-1.82. For x = 6.14, z = 6.14–60.35 = 0.4 ⇒ P(5.36 < x < 6.14) = P( -1.82 < z < 0.4) = 0.2029.

3. A personal computer has the length of time between charges of the battery is normally
distributed with a mean of 66 hours and a standard deviation of 20 hours. What is the
probability when the length of time will be between 58 and 75 hours?
a) 0.595
b) 3.44
c) 0.0443
d) 1.98
Answer: c
Explanation: Suppose x be the random variable that represents the length of time. It has a mean of 66
and a standard deviation of 20. Find the probability that x is between 70 and 90 or P(70 < x < 90). For
x = 70, z = 58–6620 = -4. For x = 75, z = 75–6620 = 0.45. P(70 < x < 90) = P(-4 < z < 0.75) = [area to
the left of z = 0.75] – [area to the left of z = -4] = 0.0443. The required probability when the length of
time between 58 and 75 hours is 0.0443.

4. The length of life of an instrument produced by a machine has a normal distribution with a
mean of 9.4 months and a standard deviation of 3.2 months. What is the probability that an
instrument produced by this machine will last between 6 and 11.6 months?
a) 0.642
b) 0.4098
c) 0.16
d) 0.326
Answer: d
Explanation: We have to find P(6 < x < 11.6). Now, for x = 6, z becomes -1.062 and for z = 11.6, z =
0.687. So, P(6 < x < 11.6) = P(-1.062 < z < 0.687) = 0.326.
5. The speeds of a number of bicycles have a normal distribution model with a mean of 83 km/hr
and a standard deviation of 9.4 km/hr. Find the probability that a bicycle picked at random is
travelling at more than 95 km/hr?
a) 0.1587
b) 0.38
c) 0.49
d) 0/278
Answer: b
Explanation: Let x be the random variable that represents the speed of bicycle. x has μ = 90 and σ =
9.5. We have to find the probability that x is higher than 95 or P(x > 95). For x = 95, z = 95–839.4 =
1.27, P(x > 95) = P(z > 1.27) = [total area] – [area to the left of z = 1] = 1 – 0.620 = 0.38. The
probability that a car selected at a random has a speed greater than 100 km/hr is equal to 0.38.

6. Let us say that X is a normally distributed variable with mean(μ) of 43 and standard deviation
(σ) of 6.4. Determine the probability of X<32.
a) 0.341
b) 0.962
c) 6.231
d) 0.44
Answer: a
Explanation: The area is defined as the area under the standard normal curve.Now, for x = 32, z
becomes 32–436.4 = -1.71. Hence, the required probability is P(x < 32) = P(z < -1.71) = 0.341.

7. The time taken to assemble a machine in a certain plant is a random variable having a normal
distribution of 32 hours and a standard deviation of 3.6 hours. What is the probability that a
machine can be assembled at this plant in less than 25.4 hours?
a) 0.61
b) 0.674
c) 0.298
d) 1.823
Answer: c
Explanation: We have to find P(x < 25.4). Now, for x = 25.4, z becomes 25.4–323.6 = -1.83. Hence, P(z
< -1.83) = 0.298.

8. The scores on an admission test are normally distributed with a mean of 640 and a standard
deviation of 105.7. A student wants to be admitted to this university. He takes the test and scores
755. What is the probability of him to be admitted to this university?
a) 65.9%
b) 84.6%
c) 40.9%
d) 54%.

Answer: b
Explanation: Let k be the random variable that represents the scores. k is normally distributed with a
mean of 640 and a standard deviation of 124.7. The total area under the normal curve represents the
total number of students who take the test. If we multiply the values of the areas under the curve by
124.7, we obtain percentages. Now, for k = 755, z = 755–640105.7 = 1.087. The proportion of the
students who scored below 755 is given by, P = [area to the left of z = 1.087] = 0.846. Hence, the
required probability is 84.6 %.
9. The annual salaries of workers in a large manufacturing factory are normally distributed
with a mean of Rs. 48,000 and a standard deviation of Rs. 1500. Find the probability of workers
who earn between Rs. 35,000 and Rs. 52,000.
a) 64%
b) 76.2%
c) 42.1%
d) 20%
Answer: c
Explanation: For x = 45000, z = -2 and for x = 52000, z = 0.375. Now, area between z = -2 and z =
0.375 is equal to 0.421 or 42.1% earn between Rs. 45,000 and Rs. 52,000.

10. Discrete probability distribution depends on the properties of ___________

a) data
b) machine
c) discrete variables
d) probability function
Answer: a
Explanation: We know that discrete probability function largely depends on the properties and types
of data such as Binomial distribution can lead to model binary data such as flipping of coins.

11.Two t-shirts are drawn at random in succession without replacement from a drawer
containing 5 red t-shirts and 8 white t-shirts. Find the probabilities of all the possible outcomes.
a) 1
b) 13
c) 40
d) 346
Answer: a

12. A jar of pickle is picked at random using a filling process in which an automatic machine is
filling pickle jars with 2.5 kg of pickle in each jar. Due to few faults in the automatic process, the
weight of a jar could vary from jar to jar in the range 1.7 kg to 2.9 kg excluding the latter. Let X
denote the weight of a jar of pickle selected. Find the range of X.
a) 3.7 ≤ X < 3.9
b) 1.6 ≤ X < 3.2
c) 1.7 ≤ X < 2.9
d) 1 ≤ X < 5
Answer: c

13. A probability density function f(x) for the continuous random variable X is denoted as
_______
a) ∫ f(x)dx = ∞, -1<=x<=1
b) ∫ f(x)dx = 1, -∞<=x<=∞
c) ∫ f(x)dx = 0, -∞<=x<=∞
d) ∫ f(x+2)dx = .5, -∞<=x<=∞

14. Let X is denoted as the number of heads in three tosses of a coin. Determine the mean and
variance for the random variable X.
a) 4.8
b) 6
c) 3.2
d) 1.5
Answer: d.

15. A football player makes 75% of his 5-point shots and 25% his 7-point shots. Determine the
expected value for a 7-point shot of the player.
a) 4.59
b) 12.35
c) 5.25
d) 42.8

16. In a card game Reena wins 3 Rs. if she draws a king or a spade and 7 Rs. if a heart or a
queen from an pack of 52 playing cards. If she pays a certain amount of money each time she
will lose the game. What will be the amount so that the game will come out a fair game?
a) 15
b) 6
c) 23
d) 2
Answer: d

17. A Random Variable X can take only two values, 4 and 5 such that P(4) = 0.32 and P(5) =
0.47. Determine the Variance of X.
a) 8.21
b) 12
c) 3.7
d) 4.8
Answer: c

18. A 6-sided die is biased. Now, the numbers one to four are equally likely to happen, but five
and six is thrice as likely to land face up as each of the other numbers. If X is the number shown
on the uppermost face, determine the expected value of X when 6 is shown on the uppermost face.
a) 134
b) 35
c) 27
d) 2187
Answer:a

19. A fair cubical die is thrown twice and their scores summed up. If the sum of the scores of upper
side faces by throwing two times a die is an event. Find the Expected Value of that event.
a)48
b)76
c)7
d)132
Answer:C c

20. A random variable X can take only two values, 2 and 4 i.e., P(2) = 0.45 and P(4) = 0.97. What
is the Expected value of X?
a) 3.8
b) 2.9
c) 4.78
d) 5.32
Answer: c