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Introduction to Logic Gates[1]

Logic gates are essential components in digital electronics that process binary inputs to produce outputs based on logical functions, forming the foundation of complex systems like computers. The document explains various types of logic gates, including AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR, along with their applications in technology. Additionally, it covers the binary number system, conversions between binary and decimal, and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division in binary.

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2 views

Introduction to Logic Gates[1]

Logic gates are essential components in digital electronics that process binary inputs to produce outputs based on logical functions, forming the foundation of complex systems like computers. The document explains various types of logic gates, including AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR, along with their applications in technology. Additionally, it covers the binary number system, conversions between binary and decimal, and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division in binary.

Uploaded by

saanvinmodi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Logic

Gates
Logic gates are fundamental building blocks
in digital electronics, responsible for
processing information and performing
logical operations.
What are Logic Gates?

Basic Units Building Blocks


Logic gates are electronic circuits that They form the foundation of complex digital
operate on binary inputs systems like computers, smartphones, and
(0 or 1), producing a binary output based other electronic devices.
on a specific logical function.
AND Gate
1 Input 2 Output
Two or more Output is 1
inputs. only if all
inputs are 1.
OR Gate
1 Input 2 Output
Two or more Output is 1 if at
inputs. least one input is
1.
NOT Gate
1 Input 2 Output
One input. Output is the inverse of the input. If the input is 0,
the output is 1, and vice versa.
NAND Gate

1 Input 2 Output
Two or more inputs. Output is 1 if at least
one input is 0, and 0
only if all inputs are 1.
(Inverse of AND).
NOR Gate

1 Input 2 Output
Two or more inputs. Output is 1 only if all inputs are 0,
and 0 if at least one input is 1.
(Inverse of OR).
XOR Gate
1 Input 2 Output
Two or more inputs. Output is 1 if only
one input is 1, and
0 if both inputs are
0 or both inputs
are 1.
XNOR Gate
1 Input 2 Output
Two or more inputs. Output is 1 if all
inputs are the
same (either all 0s
or all 1s), and 0 if
the inputs are
different. (Inverse
of XOR).
Applications of Logic Gates
Logic gates play a crucial role in everyday technology, forming the foundation of
digital systems and enabling complex functions like computing, communication, and
automation.
Binary Number System

A fundamental building block of computer science, the


binary number system lies at the heart of how computers
operate. This presentation explores the intricacies of this
system, from its basic concepts to its applications in modern
technology.
Introduction to Binary Numbers

The Foundation Positional Value

The binary number system utilizes only two Each digit in a binary number holds a specific
digits, 0 and 1, representing "off" and "on" positional value, determined by its position
states. This simplicity makes it ideal for relative to the rightmost digit. Each position
electronic devices like computers. represents a power of 2.
Decimal to Binary Conversion

Divide by 2
1
Repeatedly divide the decimal number by 2, noting the remainders.

Collect Remainders
2
Read the remainders in reverse order to obtain the binary equivalent.

Example
3
Decimal 13 = Binary 1101.
Binary to Decimal Conversion

Multiply by 2
1 Multiply each binary digit by 2 raised to the power of its position.

Sum the Results


2
Add the products from each position to obtain the decimal equivalent.

Example
3
Binary 1011 = Decimal 11.
Addition and Subtraction of Binary Numbers
Addition Subtraction
Binary addition follows similar rules to decimal Binary subtraction involves borrowing from the next
addition, with carrying over to the next position position when a digit is smaller than the subtrahend.
when the sum is greater than or equal to 2. It's important to remember that 0 - 1 = 1, with a borrow
from the next position.
Multiplication and Division of
Binary Numbers
Multiplication
Binary multiplication resembles decimal multiplication, where
each digit is multiplied by the multiplier, and the results are
summed.

Division
Binary division uses a similar process to decimal division,
with repeated subtraction of the divisor from the dividend.

Example
1010 * 11 = 11110.
Bitwise Operations in Binary

1 AND 2 OR
The result is 1 only if both bits The result is 1 if at least one of
are 1. the bits is 1.

3 XOR 4 NOT
The result is 1 only if the bits Inverts the bits, changing 0 to
are different. 1 and 1 to 0.
Binary Storage and Memory
Representation
Bits and Bytes Memory Organization
Computers store information using Memory is organized as a sequence
bits, the smallest unit of data, of addresses, each holding a
which can be either 0 or 1. Eight bits specific byte of data. The binary
constitute a byte, which can representation of each byte
represent a single character, determines the data stored at that
number, or other data elements. address.

Encoding Schemes
Various encoding schemes, such as ASCII and Unicode, translate characters
and symbols into their binary equivalents for storage and manipulation.
Binary in Computer Architecture

CPU Instruction Set Data Representation Network Communication


Instructions executed by the CPU are All data, including numbers, characters, Data transmission over networks also relies
represented in binary code, enabling the images, and audio, is stored in memory on binary encoding, ensuring accurate and
CPU to perform operations on data. using binary representations. efficient communication between devices.

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