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Simulation report

This document details a simulation study of single and three-phase full-wave bridge rectifiers using a 320V, 50Hz AC voltage source to analyze the impact of different load types on voltage and current waveforms. The results show that inductive loads lead to continuous conduction and voltage spikes, while resistive loads produce a consistent output current. Additionally, the three-phase rectifier demonstrates higher efficiency and smoother output compared to single-phase rectifiers.

Uploaded by

Grace K. Musinguzi
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
12 views

Simulation report

This document details a simulation study of single and three-phase full-wave bridge rectifiers using a 320V, 50Hz AC voltage source to analyze the impact of different load types on voltage and current waveforms. The results show that inductive loads lead to continuous conduction and voltage spikes, while resistive loads produce a consistent output current. Additionally, the three-phase rectifier demonstrates higher efficiency and smoother output compared to single-phase rectifiers.

Uploaded by

Grace K. Musinguzi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

1 INTRODUCTION

A rectification simulation of both the single and three phase full wave bridge
(diode) rectifier was performed using an alternating current (AC) 320volts and
50Hz frequency voltage source to study the effect of the different load types on
the voltage and current waveforms across the loads and the diodes. An analysis
of the output current and voltage waveforms is detailed in this report.

2 SINGLE-PHASE FULL WAVE RECTIFIER AND INDUCTIVE LOAD

In this simulation, an inductive load of 120mH, 320V/50Hz voltage source and


four RFU02VS6S diode with 600V breakdown voltage and 0.2A average
forward current were used. The choice of diode was based on the voltage
magnitude of the voltage source of 320V that will require a diode that can
withstand a peak inverse voltage twice the sources’ peak voltage. Hence the
choice of the RFU02VS6S diode with 600V breakdown voltage. Additionally,
the existence of an inductive load leads to voltage spikes resulting from
continued current flow through the inductor even when the voltage is in the
negative half cycle. The schematic diagram and output waveforms are shown
in Figure1 and Figure2.

Figure 1: Schematic diagram of single-phase full wave rectifier with an


inductive load.

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Figure 2: Plots of source voltage, load current, voltage across the 120mH
inductor and voltage across the diodes respectively.

Result and discussion

With a single-phase full-wave bridge rectifier and a purely inductive load, the
output voltage waveform is a full-wave rectified sinusoid with an output current
waveform that is a pulsating DC with variations or ripples and gradual increase
and decrease, influenced by the inductor's ability to store and release
energy. The inductor doesn’t allow sudden change in current through it and
hence the current continues to flow even when the voltage is near zero,
resulting in continuous conduction. The frequency of the output voltage
waveform is twice the frequency of the input AC voltage, as the rectifier
processes both positive and negative half cycles. The current lags behind the
voltage due to the inductive nature of the load.

3 SINGLE-PHASE FULL WAVE RECTIFIER AND RESISTIVE LOAD

In this simulation, a resistive load of 30 ohms, 320V/50Hz voltage source and


four RFU02VS6S diode with 600V breakdown voltage and 0.2A average

Page 2 of 8
forward current were used. The choice of diode was based on the voltage
magnitude of the voltage source of 320V that will require a diode that can
withstand a peak inverse voltage twice the sources’ peak voltage. Hence the
choice of the RFU02VS6S diode with 600V breakdown voltage. The schematic
diagram and output waveforms are shown in Figure3 and Figure4.

Figure 3:Schematic diagram of single-phase full wave rectifier with a


resistive load.

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Figure 4: Plots of source voltage, load current, voltage across the 30ohms
resistor and voltage across the diodes respectively.

Result and discussion

Diode bridge rectifier circuit operates in two modes: (a) Positive half cycle of
input ac voltage and (b) Negative half cycle of input ac voltage. During the
positive half-cycle of the AC input voltage, diodes ‘D1’ and ‘D4’ are conducting
and the power is supplied to the load while in the negative half-cycle diodes ‘D2’
and ‘D3’ are conducting. This enables the load current to be in the same
direction for both half-cycles. The output load voltage is pulsating DC. The
frequency of the output pulses will be twice those of the input pulses because
both cycles of the input AC voltage are being used to produce an output. The
output current waveform is a mirrored version of the rectified voltage waveform
flowing in the same direction, because, according to Ohm's Law, the current is
proportional to the voltage.

4 SINGLE-PHASE FULL WAVE RECTIFIER WITH A COMBINATION OF


BOTH RESISTIVE AND INDUCTIVE LOAD

In this simulation, both resistive load of 30 ohms and an inductive load of 120mH
,320V/50Hz voltage source and four RFU02VS6S diode each with 600V
breakdown voltage and 0.2A average forward current were used. The choice of
diode was based on the voltage magnitude of the voltage source of 320V that
will require a diode that can withstand a peak inverse voltage twice the sources’
peak voltage. Hence the choice of the RFU02VS6S diode with 600V breakdown
voltage. The schematic diagram and output waveforms are shown in Figure5
and Figure6.

Page 4 of 8
Figure 5: Schematic diagram of single-phase full wave rectifier with
combined resistive and inductive load.

Figure 6:Plots of source voltage, load current (Both RL), voltage across
the 30ohms resistor and 12omH inductor and voltage across the diodes
respectively.

Result and discussion

With both a resistive and inductive load in a single-phase full-wave bridge


rectifier, the output voltage waveform exhibits a DC component with a
Page 5 of 8
superimposed AC ripple, while the current waveform shows a DC component
with a more gradual rise and fall due to the inductor's influence. The output
voltage waveform is a series of positive pulses smoothened by the inductor.
The inductor maintains the current flow, even when the voltage is low, leading
to a more stable DC current. The resultant voltage waveform is neither purely
DC nor purely AC, but a combination of both.

5 THREE-PHASE FULL WAVE RECTIFIER AND RESISTIVE LOAD

In this simulation, both resistive load of 30 ohms,320V/50Hz voltage source and


four RFU02VS6S diode each with 600V breakdown voltage and 0.2A average
forward current were used. The choice of diode was based on the voltage
magnitude of the voltage source of 320V that will require a diode that can
withstand a peak inverse voltage twice the sources’ peak voltage. Hence the
choice of the RFU02VS6S diode with 600V breakdown voltage. The schematic
diagram and output waveforms are shown in Figure7 and Figure8.

Figure 7: Schematic diagram of three-phase full wave rectifier with


combined 30ohms resistive load.

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Figure 8: Plots of three-phase source voltage, load current, voltage across
the 30ohms resistor and voltage across the diodes respectively.

Result and discussion

The output voltage of a full-bridge rectifier exhibits a six-pulse ripple DC output


voltage with a frequency six times that of the input AC frequency. The diodes
are sequentially numbered (D1, D6, D3, D2, D5 and D4) based on their conduction
sequences, with each diode conducting for 120° duration. The diodes
connected between the supply lines with the highest instantaneous line-to-line
voltage will conduct. The diodes conduct in pairs, with two diodes conducting at
any given time, ensuring that the load receives current during both positive and
negative cycles of the input AC. The output current waveform will be
proportional to the output voltage waveform. The current flows in the same
direction as the voltage.

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6 CONCLUSION

The nature of the load has significant effect on both the output current and
voltage waveforms. A three-phase rectifier is more efficient than a single-phase
rectifier because it has a smoother output waveform with less ripple.

Page 8 of 8

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