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Influence-Lines-Handout

The document discusses influence lines for beams, explaining their significance in analyzing the variation of shear and bending moments due to moving loads. It outlines the procedures for constructing influence line diagrams, including the analysis of concentrated and uniform loads, and provides examples for practical application. Additionally, it touches on qualitative influence lines and their relationship to beam deflection, as well as influence lines for floor girders.

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STEM 11-3 Johara Panganiban
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© © All Rights Reserved
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6 views

Influence-Lines-Handout

The document discusses influence lines for beams, explaining their significance in analyzing the variation of shear and bending moments due to moving loads. It outlines the procedures for constructing influence line diagrams, including the analysis of concentrated and uniform loads, and provides examples for practical application. Additionally, it touches on qualitative influence lines and their relationship to beam deflection, as well as influence lines for floor girders.

Uploaded by

STEM 11-3 Johara Panganiban
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

11/01/2025

CENG75A
STRUCTURAL THEORY

ENGR. RACHEL JUNE D. SAMARITA


CE, MENG-SE, M.ASEP
CvSU, DCEA

INFLUENCE LINES FOR


BEAM
For reaction, shear and bending

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WHAT IS INFLUENCE LINE?

 If a structure is subjected to a live or moving load, the variation of the


shear and bending moment in the member is best described using the
influence line.
 An influence line represents the variation of either the reaction, shear,
moment, or deflection at a specific point in a member as a concentrated
force moves over the member.
 Influence lines play an important part in the design of bridges,
industrial crane rails, conveyors, and other structures where loads move
across their span.
 Influence lines represent the effect of a moving load only at a specified
point on a member, whereas shear and moment diagrams represent the
effect of fixed loads at all points along the axis of the member.

INFLUENCE LINE DIAGRAM


 Influence line diagram is drawn for a particular function which could
be any of the following.
 Reaction component at a support, for example, vertical reaction at a
support in a beam or horizontal thrust in an arch.
 Shear force at a particular location.
 Bending moment at a particular location.
 Deflection at a particular location.
 Force in a particular member of a truss.

 Influence line diagram is drawn for a UNIT LOAD which is moved


across the span of the structure.

Definition: An influence line diagram is a curve the ordinate of which at any location
equals the value of some particular function due to a unit load acting at that
location.

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SIGN CONVENTION
Positive for the following case
V
Shear (V)

Moment (M)

M M
Positive for the following case

PROCEDURES OF ANALYSIS

1. Determine the UNIT LOAD at x location

2. Solve for reactions / shear / moment

3. Determine the influence line equation(s)

4. Tabulate data

5. Plot the graph

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EXAMPLE 6.1

 Construct the influence line for the vertical reaction at A and B


of the beam.

EXAMPLE 6.3

2.5 m

10 m

Construct the influence line for the Shear and moment at C of the beam.

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INFLUENCE LINES FOR BEAMS

 Once the influence line for a function has been constructed, it will be
possible to position live loads on the beam which will produce the max
value of the function.

 2 types of loadings will be considered

 Concentrated force

 Uniform load

INFLUENCE LINES FOR BEAMS

 Concentrated force

 For any concentrated force, F acting on the beam, the value of the
function can be found by multiplying the ordinate of the influence
line at position x by magnitude of F

 Consider Fig 6.7, influence line for Ay

 For unit load, Ay = ½

 For a force of F, Ay = (½) F

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INFLUENCE LINES FOR BEAMS


 Uniform load
 Each dx segment of this load creates a concentrated force of dF = wodx

 If dF is located at x, where the influence line ordinate is y, the value of the


function is (dF)(y) = (wodx )y

 The effect of all concentrated force is determined by integrating over the


entire length of the beam

INFLUENCE LINES FOR BEAMS

 Uniform load (cont’d)

 Since is equivalent to the area under the influence line, in


general:

 value of the function caused by a uniform load = the area under the
influence line x intensity of the uniform load.

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EXAMPLE 6.7

Determine the max +ve live shear that can be developed at point C in
the beam due to:

 A concentrated moving load of 4 kN


 A uniform moving load of 2 kN/m

SOLUTION
Concentrated force

The max +ve positive shear at C will occur when the 4kN force is located
at x = 2.5m.

The ordinate at this peak is +0.75, hence:

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SOLUTION
Uniform load

The uniform moving load creates the max +ve influence for VC when the
loads acts on the beam between x = 2.5m and x = 10m

The magnitude of VC due to this loading is:

Total max shear at C:

QUALITATIVE INFLUENCE LINES

 Müller-Breslau principle states that


“the influence line for a function (reaction, shear, or moment) is to
the same scale as the deflected shape of the beam when the beam is
acted upon by the function”

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QUALITATIVE INFLUENCE LINES

 When the +ve force Ay is applied at A, the beam deflects to the dashed
position which rep the general shape of the influence line.

QUALITATIVE INFLUENCE LINES

 If the shape of the influence line for shear


at C is to be determined, the connection at
C may be symbolized by a roller guide.

 Applying a +ve shear force Vc to the beam


at C & allowing the beam to deflect to the
dashed position.

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QUALITATIVE INFLUENCE LINES


 If the shape of influence line for the
moment at C to be determined, an
internal hinge or pin is placed at C.

 Applying +ve moment Mc to the beam,


the beam deflects to the dashed line.

EXAMPLE 6.9

For each beam sketch the influence line for the vertical reaction at A.
Solution:

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INFLUENCE LINES FOR FLOOR


GIRDERS
 Floor loads are transmitted from slabs to floor beams then to
side girders & finally supporting columns.

INFLUENCE LINES FOR FLOOR


GIRDERS
 The influence line for a specified point on the girder can be
determined using the same statics procedure.
 In particular, the value for the internal moment in a girder panel
will depend upon where point P is chosen for the influence line.
 Magnitude of MP depends upon the point’s location from end of
the girder.
 Influence lines for shear in floor girders are specified for panels
in the girder and not specific points along the girder
 This shear is known as girder shear.

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EXAMPLE 6.13

Draw the influence line for the shear in panel CD of the floor girder.

SOLUTION
The unit load is placed at each floor beam location & the shear in panel
CD is calculated. Finally a segment of the girder is considered & the
internal panel shear VCD is calculated.

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END
Thank You

13

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