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ECA-I Short Answer Questions

The document contains 15 short answer questions about electrical circuit analysis including definitions of terms like resistor, inductor, capacitor, node, mesh, super mesh, super node, star and delta configurations, network reduction techniques, average value, RMS value, peak factor, form factor, frequency, time period, phase, phase difference, phasor diagram, inductive and capacitive reactance, impedance, admittance, conductance, susceptance, impedance and power triangles, active, reactive and apparent power, power factor.

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159 views

ECA-I Short Answer Questions

The document contains 15 short answer questions about electrical circuit analysis including definitions of terms like resistor, inductor, capacitor, node, mesh, super mesh, super node, star and delta configurations, network reduction techniques, average value, RMS value, peak factor, form factor, frequency, time period, phase, phase difference, phasor diagram, inductive and capacitive reactance, impedance, admittance, conductance, susceptance, impedance and power triangles, active, reactive and apparent power, power factor.

Uploaded by

padmalalitha
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electrical Circuit Analysis-I

Short Answer Questions


Unit-I
1) Write the v-i relationships for R, L and C elements.

Ans.) Resistor

Inductor

Capacitor

2) Classify Dependent Sources.

Ans.) Dependent sources are those whose output voltage or current is governed by a
voltage or current in any other part of the circuit. Dependent sources are represented using
diamond shapes as shown in the figure below

Based on the combination


of controlling quantity and output quantity, the dependent sources are classified into the
following four types −

 Voltage Dependent Voltage Source (VDVS)


 Current Dependent Voltage Source (CDVS)
 Voltage Dependent Current Source (VDCS)
 Current Dependent Current Source (CDCS)

3) State Kirchhoff’s current law?

Ans). Kirchhoff's current law (1st Law) states that the sum of currents entering a node is
equal to the sum of currents leaving that node.
4) State Kirchhoff’s voltage law?

Kirchhoff's voltage law (2nd Law) states that the algebraic sum of all voltages within the
loop must be equal to zero. This idea by Kirchhoff is known as the law of conservation of
energy.

5) Define node and mesh?

Ans). Node: A node is a point in a network where two or more circuit elements are
connected.

Loop: Any close path in the circuit can be called a loop.

Mesh: If the loop in the circuit does not enclose any other loop inside it then that loop can
be called a mesh.

6) Define super mesh?

Ans.) A super mesh occurs when a current source is contained between two essential
meshes. The circuit is first treated as if the current source is not there. This leads to one
equation that incorporates two mesh currents.

7) Define super node?

Ans.) A super node occurs when a voltage source is contained between two essential nodes.
The circuit is first treated as if the voltage source is not there. This leads to one equation that
incorporates two node voltages.

8) Three resistors 2Ω, 3Ω, and 6Ω are connected in a star. Convert into delta.

Ans.)
9) Three resistors 20Ω, 30Ω, and 50Ω are connected in delta. Convert into star.
Ans.)

10) Write the expressions for star to delta and delta to star transformation?

11) Draw the ideal and practical voltage and current sources?

Ans.)
12) What is source transformation?

Ans.) The technique of transforming one form's source into the other is known as the
Source Transformation technique.
The following figure shows the conversion of a practical voltage source into a practical
current source.

The following figure shows the conversion of a practical current source into a practical
voltage source.

13) What are the advantages of mesh analysis?

Ans.)

i) It can handle dependent sources more easily, since they do not affect the mesh equations.

ii) It can provide more intuitive insights into the power dissipation and efficiency of the
circuit, since the power is proportional to the square of the mesh current.

14) What are the advantages of nodal analysis?

Ans.)

i) It can be simpler and faster to identify and label all the nodes in a circuit, since they are
usually more visible and accessible.
ii) It can handle non-planar elements more easily, since they do not affect the node
equations. iii) It can be more efficient when the circuit has many parallel branches, since
they reduce the number of terms in the node equations.

15) What is the drawback of network reduction techniques?


Ans.) The main drawback of the network reduction method is its limited application area –
only to networks with relatively simple (usually series–parallel) topology.

Unit-III
1. Define average value and write its expression.

Ans.) The average of all the instantaneous values of an alternating voltage and currents
over one complete cycle is called Average Value.

2. Define RMS value and write its expression.


Ans.) The R.M.S value is defined as the square root of means of squares of instantaneous
values.

3. Define peak factor.

Ans.) The peak factor is the ratio of peak value to the RMS value.

4. Define form factor.

Ans.) The form factor is the ratio of RMS value to the average value.

5. Define frequency and time period.

Ans.) Frequency is the no. of cycles completed by the alternating quantity in second and is
measured in Hz or cycles/sec.

Time period is the reciprocal of frequency and is measured in seconds.

6. Define Phase and Phase Difference.


Ans.) The position of a wave of a periodic waveform is known as “Phase” of a waveform
(or) The phase of a wave refers to its position within its cycle.

The phase difference is defined as the time interval by which a wave leads by or lags by
another wave (or) phase difference is the shift in position between two waves.

7. Define Phasor Diagram.


Ans.) The diagram in which different alternating quantities of the same frequency,
sinusoidal in nature are represented by individual phasors indicating exact phase
interrelationships is known as phasor diagram.

8. Define inductive reactance and capacitive reactance.


Ans.) Inductive reactance is the opposition offered by the inductor to the flow of ac current.
Capacitive reactance is the opposition offered by the capacitor to the flow of ac current.

9. Define Impedance and Admittance.


Ans.) The total opposition offered by the circuit to the flow of ac current is known as
impedance.

The reciprocal of impedance is known as the admittance. The admittance assists the flow
of ac current.

10. Define Conductance and Susceptance.


Ans.) The reciprocal of resistance is known as the Conductance.
The reciprocal of reactance is known as the Susceptance.

11. Draw the impedance and power triangle.


Ans.)

12. Write the expression for


active reactive and apparent power.
Ans.) Active power P = VI cosΦ
Reactive power Q = VI sinΦ
Apparent Power S = VI
13. Write the phasor relationship for pure resistor, inductor and capacitor.
Ans.) Take voltage as reference
For Resistor Φ = 0o (I is in phase with V)
Inductor Φ = 90o (I lags V by 90o)
Capacitor Φ = 90o (I leads V by 90o)

14. Define power factor.


Ans.) Power factor is the cosine of angle between voltage and current. It is denoted by
cosΦ.

It is also defined as the factor by which it is multiplied with apparent power to give active
power.

15. Define active power, reactive power and apparent power.


Ans.)
i) The active power is that amount of the total electric power in an AC electric circuit which
actually consumed or utilized. It is also called as true power or real power. It is denoted by
‘P’ The active power is measured in Watts (W).

ii) The reactive power is that amount of total electrical power which remains unused in the
AC electric circuit and flows back and forth in the electrical system from load to source and
vice-versa. It is denoted by ‘Q’ and is measured in Volt Ampere Reactive (VAR).

iii) The total power produced by a source of alternating current is the apparent power. It is
measured as the product of RMS values of voltage and current. The apparent power is
denoted by ‘S’ and is measured in Volt-Ampere (VA).

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