Addis Ababa University

College of Natural and Computational sciences

Department of Mathematics
Applied Mathematics III (Math2042)
Worksheet I

1. First order ODEs

(1) Classify the differential equations according to type (i.e ODE or PDE) and order. Also
find its degree (if it exists).
000 d3 y dy 2 3
 dy  5
3 d2 y
(a) y + 4y = 2 (b) + + (cos x)y = x (c) = +1
dx3 dx dx dx2
r
0 2 x d2 y 3
 dy 2 d2 y  dy 
(d) (y ) − 3y = e (e) = 1 + (f) = cos
dx2 dx dx2 dx
(2) Classify the following differential equations as linear or nonlinear.
dy 1 00 0 00 0
(a) = (b) 3yy +5y +7xy = 0 (c) y −yy = 2x (d) (y 0 )2 −3y = ex
dx 2x + y
0 00
(3) In each of the following cases, eliminate the constants c1 and c1 among y, y and y to
find the differential equation statisfied by the given family of functions.
(a) y = c1 x + c2 x2 (b) y = c1 ex + c2 e−x (c) y = (c1 + c2 x)ex
(d) y = c1 cos x + c2 sin x (e) y = c1 cosh x + c2 sinh x (f) y = c1 x + c2 sin x
(4) Verify that the given general solution statisfy the differential equation. Then find the
particular solution that satisfies the initial condition.
0
(a) y + 2y = 0; y = ce−2x , y(0) = 3
00 0 0
(b) x2 y + −3xy + 3y = 0, y = c1 x + c2 x3 , y(2) = 0, y (2) = 4
00 0 0
(c) xy + y = 0, y = c + c ln x, y(2) = 0, y (2) = 21 .
(5) Show that the following first order ODEs are Separable. Then find their solutions.
dy xy 2 − x 0 y2 + 1 dy
(a) = (b) (y ln x)y = (c) (1 + x2 ) tan−1 x +y =0
dx y x dx
dy dy 0
(d) = xex+y (e) (xy + y) = x − xy (f) (2xy 3 + 4x)y = (xy)2 + y 2
dx dx
0
(6) Show that the equation y = f (x, y) is homogeneous if f (x, y) is such that f (x, tx) =
f (1, t), where t is a real parameter. Use this fact to determine whether each of the
following equations is homogeneous. p
0 x3 + xy + y 3 0 x+y 0 x2 + 3xy + 4y 2
(a) y = (b) y = ln x − ln y + (c) y =
x2 y + xy 2 x−y x + 2y

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(7) Determine whether or not each of the following differential equations is homogeneous.
If so, find the general solution.
dy x+y dy y 3 + 2xy
(a) = (b) (2x + y)dx − ydy = 0 (c) =
dx 2x dx x2
dy x2 + 2 dy 2y − x
(d) = (e) = (f) (xy)dx + (y 2 − x2 )dy = 0
dx 3y 2 dx 2x − y
(8) Solve the following non-homogeneous first order ODEs. (Hint: Consider apreliminary
substitution x = X − h, y = Y − k. Choose the constants h and k so that the equation
is homogeneous in the variables X and Y .)
dy x−y+4 dy 2y − x + 5 dy 4x + 3y + 15
(a) = (b) = (c) =
dx x+y−6 dx 2x − y − 4 dx 2x + y + 7
(9) Test whether the ODEs are exact and solve those that are.
dy
(a) (2x + 3) + (2y − 3) =0 (b) ydx + xdy = 0 (c) (xy + 1)dx + (xy − 1)dy = 0
dx
(d) (x − y)dx + (x + y)dy = 0 (e) (t2 + x2 )dt + (2tx − x)dx = 0
(f) (1 − 2xy)dx + (4y 3 − x2 )dy = 0 (g) sin t cos xdt − sin x cos tdx = 0
(10) Find the value of b for which the given equation is exact, and then solve it using that
value of b.
(a) (xy 2 + bx2 y)dx + (x + y)x2 dy = 0 (b) (ye2xy + x)dx + bxe2xy dy = 0
(11) Show that the differential equation (axy 2 + by)dx + (bx2 y + ax)dy = 0 is exact if a = b.
If a 6= b, show that µ(x, y) = xm y n is the integrating factor, where
2b + a 2a + b
m= , n=− .
a+b a+b
(12) Find a value of k, if possible, such that each of the following ODE is everywhere exact.
0
(a) (xy 2 + kx2 y + x3 )dx + (x3 + x2 y + y 2 )dy = 0 (b) ye3xy + 2x + (kxe2xy − 2y)y = 0
0
(13) Find all functions g such that the differential equation g(y)ey + xyy = 0 is everywhere
exact.
(14) Using the given integrating factor µ(x, y), find the general solution of the ODES.
(a) (4x2 y + 2y 2 )dx + (3x2 + 4xy)dy = 0, µ(x, y) = xy 2
(b) (3y 2 + 5x2 y)dx + (3xy + 2x3 )dy = 0, µ(x, y) = x2 y
1
(c) −y 3 dx + (xy 2 − x2 )dy = 0, µ(x, y) =
(xy)2
(15) Find the an appropriate integrating factor for each ODE and solve.
dy
(a) (3xy+y2)+(x2 +xy) =0 (b) xdy+(2y−4x2 )dx = 0 (c) ydx+(1−x)dy = 0
dx
(d) (y + x4 y 2 )dx + xdy = 0 (e) (y 2 − y)dx + xdy = 0 (f) ydx + 3xdy = 0
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(16) Solve the first-order linear ODEs.

0 dy
(a) (x − 1)y + y = x2 − 1 (b)(3y + sin 2x)dx − dy = 0 (c) = ex − y
dx
dy 0
+ x1 y = 3x + 4


(d) (e) (y − 1) sin xdx − dy = 0 (f) y = 2x(1 − y)
dx
(17) Solve each of the following Bernoulli differential equations.
0 0 √ 0 0 √
(a) y + 3x2 y = x2 y 3 (b) y − y = x3 3 y (c) yy − 2y 2 = ex (d) y + x1 y = x y
0 0 √ 0 0
(e) 3y +3 x1 y = 2x2 y 4 (f) y −4y = 2ex y (g) y + x1 y = 3x2 y 2 (h) 2xyy = 1+y 2
(18) The rate of growth of an investment is propositional to the amount of the investment at
dA
any time t. That is = kA.
dt
(a) Show that A = cekt is a solution of this differential equation, where c and k are
constants.
(b) Find the particular solution of this differential equation if the initial investment is
1000 dollars, and 10 years later the balance is 3320.12 dollars.
(19) If in a reactor, uranium 97U loses 10% of its weight within one day, what is its half-life?
How long would it take for 99% of the original amount to disappear?
(20) A thermometer showing 100 C is brought into a room whose temperature is 250 C. After
5 minutes it shows 200 C. When will the thermometer reach the room temperature 240 C?
(Apply Newtons Law of Cooling)

2. Second order ODEs

(21) Solve the following second order homogeneous ODEs.
00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0
(a) y +y −6y = 0 (b) y +6y +9y = 0 (c) 4y +12y +9y = 0 (d) y −6y +13y = 0
(22) Solve each of the following Initial value Problem (IVP).
00 0 0
(a) 2y + 5y + 3y = 0, y(0) = 3, y (0) = 4
00 0 0
(b) y + 12y + 36y = 0, y(1) = 0, y (0) = 1
00 0 0
(c) y + 2y + 2y = 0, y(0) = 2, y (0) = 1
00 0 0
(d) 4y + 4y + y = 0, y(0) = 1, y (0) = − 23
(23) Solve each of the following boundary value Problem (BVP).
00 0
(a) y + 6y + 9y = 0, y(0) = 1, y(1) = 0
00 0
(b) y − 3y + 2y = 0, y(0) = 0, y(3) = 0
00
(c) 4y + y = 0, y(0) = 3, y(π) = −4
d2 y
(24) It is known that y = sin ωt is a solution of the differential equation 2 + 16y = 0. Find
dt
the value of ω.
(25) Find the Wronskian of the given pair of functions.
−3x
(a) e2x , e 2 (b) cos x, sin x (c) x, xex (d) cos2 x, 1 + cos 2x
00 0
(26) Find the differential equation y + ay + by = 0 that is satisfied by both functions.
(a) y1 = e2x , y2 = e−4x (b) y1 = 3e−x , y2 = 4e5x (c) y1 = 2e3x , y2 = xe3x
(d) y1 = 2 cos 2x, y2 = − sin 2x (e) y1 = e−2x cos 3x, y2 = 2e−2x sin 3x
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(27) In each cases, make sure that y1 is the solution the given ODE, then after find another
solution y2 so that y(x) = c1 y1 (x) + c2 y2 (x) is general solution of the ODE.
00 0 00 0
(a) (x − 1)y − xy + y = 0, y1 = x (b) x2 y + y − y = 0, y1 = x
00 0 00 0
(c) (1 − x2 )y − 2xy + 2y = 0, y1 = x (d) x2 y − 2xy + 2y = 0, y1 = x
00 0 1 00 0
(e) 2x2 y + xy − 3y = 0, x > 0, y1 = (f) x2 y + 2xy + 6y = 0, y1 = x2
x
00 0
(28) Find the general solution of x4 y + x3 y − 4x2 y = 1 given that y1 = x2 is a solution of
the associated homogeneous differential equation.
(29) Solve the differential equation by the method of undetermined coefficients.
00 0 00 00 0
(a) y − 3y + 2y = 2x (b) y + y = x3 (c) y − 10y + 25y = 5ex
00 0 00 00 0
(d) y +y −2y = 3 cos 2x (e) y −9y = sin 3x (f) 16y −8y +y = 4(x+ex )
00 0 00 0 00
(g) y + 2y + y = 3e−x sin x (h) y − 2y + y = xex (i) y − y = x cos x
(30) Solve the differential equations by the method of variation of parameters.
00 0 e2x 00 0 00 0
(a) y − 4y + 4y = (b) y − 2y + y = ex ln x (c) y − 5y + 4y = e3x
x
00 00 00
(d) y + y = csc2 x (e) y + 9y = 2 sec 3x (f) y + y = sec x tan x
(31) In each cases, solve the corresponding homogeneous equation by Cauchy-Euler Method
and apply method of variation of parameters to find its particular solution. Finally,
write down the general solution.
00 0 00
(a) x2 y − xy − 3y = x2 ln x (b) x2 y + xy 0 − y = x2 + 1
00 0 00 0
(c) x2 y + xy + 4y = sin(ln x) (d)x2 y − xy + 4y = 4x ln x
00 0 1 d2 y
(e) x2 y + 4xy + 2y = 2x4 + x (f) t2 − 2y = 3t2 − 1, t>0
dt2
(32) Solve the following system of ODEs.
 
 ẋ = x − 2y  ẋ = −x + 4y
(a) (b) x(0) = 3, y(0) = 4
ẏ = 2x + y ẏ = 3x − 2y
 

 
 ẋ = 3x + 5y  ẋ = x + 4y − t2 + 6t
(c) (d) x(0) = 2, y(0) = −1
ẏ = x + 2y ẏ = x + y − t2 + t − 1
 

(33) An electric circuit consists of a resistor of 4 ohms, an inductor of 0.05 henrys, a conductor
of 0.008 farads and a source of electromotive force or voltage E(t) = 90e − 10t volts.
Find the current I and the charge Q at time t, given that at t = 0, Q = 2 coulomb and
I = 0 ampere.
(34) A 10kg mass stretches a spring 80cm in equilibrium. Suppose that a 2kg mass is attached
to the spring, initially displaced 25cm below equilibrium and given an initial velocity of
2m/s. Assuming no resistive force, find the displacement at time t. Find the period,
frequency and the amplitude of the motion. (use g = 10m/s2 )