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Differential Equations Tutorial Sheet 1

This document provides a tutorial on exact differentials and solving differential equations. It contains 12 problems: 1) Verify exactness and solve differential equations involving exact differentials 2) Solve differential equations as exact equations in two ways and reconcile results 3) Find values of n for exactness and solve equations involving exact differentials 4) Use integrating factors involving a function of xy to solve differential equations 5) Solve differential equations by finding appropriate integrating factors 6) Discuss circumstances with integrating factors as functions of x + y 7) Use integrating factors involving 1/(Mx - Ny) to solve differential equations 8) Use exact differentials to solve differential equations 9) Write a linear equation and use exact

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AV Yogesh
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130 views

Differential Equations Tutorial Sheet 1

This document provides a tutorial on exact differentials and solving differential equations. It contains 12 problems: 1) Verify exactness and solve differential equations involving exact differentials 2) Solve differential equations as exact equations in two ways and reconcile results 3) Find values of n for exactness and solve equations involving exact differentials 4) Use integrating factors involving a function of xy to solve differential equations 5) Solve differential equations by finding appropriate integrating factors 6) Discuss circumstances with integrating factors as functions of x + y 7) Use integrating factors involving 1/(Mx - Ny) to solve differential equations 8) Use exact differentials to solve differential equations 9) Write a linear equation and use exact

Uploaded by

AV Yogesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE PILANI - KK BIRLA

GOA CAMPUS
FIRST SEMESTER 2016-2017

MATHEMATICS - III
Tutorial2
Some exact differentials:
Group of terms
xdy + ydx
xdy ydx
xdy ydx
xdy ydx
xdy ydx
xdy + ydx
xdx + ydy

Exact Differential
xdy + ydx = d(xy)
xdyydx
=
d( xy ) 
x2

Integrating Factor
1
1
x2
1
y2
1
xy
1
x2 +y 2

xdyydx
= d xy
y2

xdyydx
= d ln xy
xy
xdyydx
= d (tan1 (y/x))
x2 (
+y 2 

1
if
d
xdy+ydx
(n1)(xy)n1
=
(xy)n
xdy+ydx
(x2 +y 2 )n

n 6= 1
d(ln(xy))
if n = 1
( 
1
if n 6= 1
d 2(n1)(x2 +y2 )n1
=
d( 12 ln(x2 + y 2 ))
if n = 1

1
(xy)n

1
(x2 +y 2 )n

1. Verify that the given differential equation is exact; then solve it


(i) (cos x + ln y)dx + ( xy + ey )dy = 0,
(iii) (x + tan1 y)dx +
2. Solve

x+y
dy
1+y 2

= 0,

(ii) (ex sin y + tan y)dx + (ex cos y + x sec2 y)dy = 0,

2x(1+ x2 y)
dy
(iv) dx = 2
.
x y

ydx xdy
+ dy = dx as an exact equation in two ways, and reconcile the results.
(x + y)2

3. Find the value of n for which each of the following equations is exact, and solve the
equation for that value of n:
(i) xy 2 + nx2 y)dx + (x3 + x2 y)dy = 0,
M
y

N
x

(ii) (x + ye2xy )dx + nxe2xy dy = 0.


R

g(z)dz
is an
Ny Mx
integrating factor for the equation M (x, y)dx + N (x, y)dy. Use this to find the solution

4. If

is a function g(z) of the product z = xy, then show that = e

of the following differential equations:


(i) (y 2 + xy + 1)dx + (x2 + xy + 1)dy = 0,
(iii) xdy + ydx + 3x3 y 4 dy = 0.

(ii) y dx + (x 2x2 y 3 ) dy = 0,

5. Solve each of the following equations by finding an integrating factor


(i) (xy 1)dx + (x2 xy)dy = 0,

(ii) ydx + (x 2x2 y 3 )dy = 0,

(iii) (x3 + xy 3 )dx + 3y 2 dy = 0,

(iv) xdy + ydx + 3x3 y 4 dy = 0.

6. Under what circumstances will equation M (x, y)dx+N (x, y)dy have an integrating factor
that is a function of the sum z = x + y?
7. Show that

1
,
M xN y

when M x N y 6= 0, is an integrating factor of the equation M dx +

N dy = yf1 (xy)dx + xf2 (xy)dy = 0. Investigate the case when M x N y = 0. Use this to
find the solution of the following differential equations:
(i) y(x2 y 2 + 2)dx + x(2 2x2 y 2 )dy = 0,

(ii) y(2xy + 1)dx + x(1 + 2xy x3 y 3 )dy = 0.

8. Use exact differentials to find the solution of the following differential equations:
(i) (x + x4 + 2x2 y 2 + y 4 )dx + ydy = 0,

(iii) xdy + ydx = xydy,

(ii)

dy
dx

yxy 2 x3
,
x+x2 y+y 3

(iv) xdy = (x5 + x3 y 2 + y)dx.

9. Write the linear equation in the form M dx + N dy = 0 and use the idea of exact equations
to show that this equation has an integrating factor that is a function of x alone. Find
and obtain the solution.
10. Solve the following linear equations
1
,
(i) y 0 + y =
1 + ex
(iii) y 0 + y = 2xex + x2 ,
(v) xy 0 + 2 = x3 (y 1)y 0 ,

dx
2
+ 2yx = ey ,
dy
(iv) xy 2 y 0 + y 3 = x cos x,

(ii)

(vi) f (y)2 dx
+ 3f (y)f 0 (y)x = f 0 (y).
dy

11. Solve the following equations as a linear differential equations


x
(i) xdy + ydx = xy 2 dx,
(ii) y 0 + xy = 3 , y 6= 0,
y

(iii) (ey 2xy)y 0 = y 2 .

12. Solve the following equations (using reduction of order)


(i) yy 00 + (y 0 )2 = 0,

(ii) xy 00 + y 0 = 4x,

(iii) y 00 = 1 + (y 0 )2 ,

(iv) y 00 + (y 0 )2 = 1.

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