Republic of the Philippines

ZAMBOANGA CITY STATE POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
R.T. Lim Blvd., Zamboanga City

LEARNING MODULE

Course Code: PATHFIT 3

Course Description : Menu of Dance, Sports, Martial Arts, Group
Exercise, Outdoor and Adventure Activities
Date Developed: Date Revised:
Document No: ZPPSU – Issued by: ZPPSU- CTE
LM2020
Prepared by:
MR. AHMAD T. SABADDIN
MS. KIM VILORIA
Reviewed by:
DEXTER T. PACLIBAR
Recommending Approval: Dr. JUDITH M. MAGHANOY
Approved by: Dr. ELIZABETH JANE P. SEBASTIAN

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 VISION MISSION INSTITUTIONAL CORE VALUES
A world-class OUTCOMES Love of God;
polytechnic Produce globally Develop and sustain the Social
university competent human culture of Innovation, Responsibility;
capital and research Collaboration, Responsible, Commitment/
innovation for quality and Excellence Dedication to the
Service; and
lives
Accountability

INTRODUCTION

Welcome to Zamboanga Peninsula Polytechnic State University, the premier higher

education institution in Zamboanga Peninsula, one of the Centers of Development in
Teacher Education Institutions in the country and an ISO accredited institution as
recognized by the Commission on Higher Education. It is our pride and honor, that
you choose ZCSPC as your school of choice.

With the current situation under a NEW NORMAL condition due to COVID19
Pandemic, our school is now trying to find ways and means to provide accessible
and quality tertiary education. It is for this reason that the administration has decided
to offer flexible learning education using two modalities: Blended and Distance
Learning Education. In as much as we limit the actual and physical face-to-face
mode of delivery, each college has decided to come up with printed module to cater
those students who cannot avail online learning modalities.

This module has been prepared to guide you in your learning journey with the use of
the Guided and Self-directed learning activities prescribed to finish your course. Each
module includes reading materials that have been chosen to help you understand the
ideas and concepts introduced by the module.

For this semester, your class in PathFit 3 (course subject) focuses on Menu of
Dance, Sports, Martial Arts, Group Exercise, Outdoor and Adventure Activities.
Exercises and assessment of learning activities are provided to test your
comprehension and apply the concepts that you have learned from this module. After
accomplishing all modules, you are expected to do the following:

1. trace the History of Badminton

2. identify the different facilities and equipment

3. demonstrate the basic skills in Badminton

4. familiarize the hand signals, rules and regulations in Badminton

5. participate actively in the inter-class Badminton tournament

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 HOW TO USE THIS MODULE?

This is a self-study module particularly designed to help you study with little or no
intervention from your teacher. Please follow carefully the instructions on how to use
this module so you can fully benefit from it.

• The lessons on this module is logically organized. Every lesson is connected to

the next and necessary for a better understanding of the next topic. Hence,
please do not skip a page. Read every page of this module and do every task
that is asked of you.

• Read the Table of Contents so that you will have a good grasp of the entire
course. Having an overview of what you are about to study will help you see the
interrelationships of the concepts or knowledge that you are about to learn.

• Every lesson or unit begins with the learning objectives. The objectives are the
target skills or knowledge that you must be able to gain or perform after studying
the entire lesson/unit.

• Take the post test, activity or practice exercise given at the end of the lesson or
unit. Do this only when you have thoroughly read the entire lesson or unit. When
answering every activity, test or exercises, please answer them honestly without
looking at the answer key. The answer key is provided to check your own
progress and monitor your own understanding of the lesson. The knowledge you
will gain depends on how much effort and honesty you put into your work.

• Please pay attention to the Study Schedule. This will guide you to make sure that
you don’t lag behind. Lagging behind will result to cramming and eventually
affects your understanding of the lesson.

• Know what it takes to pass the course. Please refer to the Evaluation and
Grading System.

• If you encounter difficult words which are not found in the Glossary page of this
module, please take some time to research the meaning of these words. You will
fully understand your lesson if you exert extra effort in understanding it. There is
no room for laziness and complacency. College students are expected to be an
independent learner.

• If there is anything in the lesson which you need clarifications on, do not hesitate
to contact your instructor or professor at the appropriate time.

• You will be evaluated by your instructor or professor to check progress and how
much knowledge and skills you have gained. The result of this evaluation will
form a big chunk of your grade. So please do well and do not waste time.

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 • Lastly, you are the learner; hence, you do the module on your own. Your family
members and friends at home will support you but the activities must be done by
you. As ZPPSUans, you must always be guided by our core values, Love of
God;Social Responsibility; Commitment/ Dedication to the Service; and
Accountability

SUGGESTED STUDY SCHEDULE

Week Topic Activities

Module 1 Introduction of Badminton
Unit I General Instruction In Physical Education
 Preparation of PE student
 Physical Activity Readiness
1. General guidelines Questionnaire
2. PAR-Q  Analysis and Insight to the
Week -1 history of Badminton
3. My goals
August 16 -
4. History and Nature of  Personal reflection in the
31, 2020 discovery and interest of
Badminton
the sport
 Discuss to how Badminton
may benefit their health.

Unit II Events
 Identify different skills and
health related develop by
athletes and discuss
 Analysis and Insights on
1. Single
what particular skills and
2. Double
health can be developed
Week 2 with limited facilities and
September 1- resources.
18, 2020  Watch videos and follow up
insights on different events

Facilities and equipment, rules

Unit III
and regulations

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 Photos of Facilities and Equipment’s  Identify the different sports
facilities and equipment
Rules and regulations for single and and its attribute.
double  Analysis and insight on a
Week 3-4 given video
September 18- Scoring for single and double  Reflection on how
30, 2021 important rules and
regulation in sport
 Identify error on ff. videos
or violation of the link
provided

Module II Physical Fitness Components

Unit I Skills and health related components

 Introduce different skills
and health related that can
be/must be develop in the
1. Basic Skills
sport of athletics
Oct. 1-16,2021
 Perform the different drills
via video taking.
 Reflection on the
importance of drills
Unit II Core and Leg Exercises
 Discuss the importance of
core strength
 Perform the different core
Week 6-7 (Beginner/intermediate/Advance)
Oct. 16- Footwork drills and exercises Discuss the importance of leg
30,2021 strength
Leg strength (sample videos)
Perform the different core
(Beginner/intermediate/Elite)

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 Student will create fitness week
challenge by their chosen peer.
(with rest day interval)
Core
Leg
Speed
Fitness Activity/Peer Standing Long Jump
Student evaluate the
Midterm Core
Week 8-9
Leg
Oct.26- Student Self-Assessment And other exercises done.
Nov.6,2020
Module Assessment Distance in jog/walk using app
(ex.sweatcoin, fitify, and etc.
Points rewarded using the mobile
apps evaluation (with follow-up
evidence)

Send link to pass their online

requirements/usb at the end of
module

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 EVALUATION

To pass the course, you must:

1. Read all course readings and answer the pre assessment quizzes, self-
assessment activities, practical activities, and reflection questions.
2. Answer the print-based discussion activities
3. Submit graded quizzes, and reflection activities.
4. Complete activities of each unit
5. Submit the final module
Evaluative Assessment Activities

A. Quizzes and Examination

Instruction: The 7 graded quizzes and one mid-term examination for athletics,
and 3 for arnis which are embedded in your module and must be answered
guided by the given evaluation tool. if you need help or assistance for purposes
of further validation and verification

B. Activities
Instruction: Complete the activities in a particular unit given. Take documentation
pictures/videos as proof and as part of your portfolio.

Athletics

>Activity #7 Running Drills

>Activity#8 Core Exercise
>Activity#9 Leg Exercise
>Activity#10 Fitness Plan

GRADING SYSTEM

NO. CRITERIA PERCENTAGE (%)

1 Practical Activity/Performance 60 %
2 Summative Assessment 30 %
3. Portfolio 10 %
Total 100%

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MODULE 1: Introduction of Badminton

UNIT 1

TITLE: PE Guidelines and Physical Activity Readiness Assessment

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME

After studying this module, you are expected to:

 Be acquainted with the guidelines of Pathfit 3 (Menu of Dance, Sports,

Martial Arts, Group Exercise, Outdoor and Adventure Activities)
 Assess personal Physical Activity Readiness
 Identify personal goals of this subject

General Guidelines

1. PathFit student enrolled in this subject must have an adequate open space or
area at home that is safe for physical activities.

2. Activities done outside e.g., open space, parks, landmarks, must still follow
safety measures/protocols like planning for jog, brisk walking, and etc.

3. Wear sports attire and comfortable shoes; this will help you to prepare your
body and mind for physical activities.

4. Always bring your water bottle with you.

5. Always start the activity with a warm-up and ends with a cool down. Please note
that doing short-cuts will cause injury.

6. Nutritious food is essential as recommended by expert. Eating unhealthy food is

toxic to the body thus, leading to inefficient work of muscles or body during
workout and may lead to serious injuries.

7. Getting enough sleep will help you to be more effective in your days, performing
activity easier. Sleep deprivation is one of the risk of having health problem.
(SleepFoundation.org)

8. And lastly, be consistent, be active, and be health conscious. Happy hormones

for a healthy YOU!

Be the BEST VERSION!

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 Activity no. 1

Physical Fitness Readiness Questionnaire (PFR-Q)

Name:______________________________ Course and year:__________

PE Schedule:________________________ Name of PE
Teacher_______________
Age:_____________ Sex:____________

Physical Fitness Readiness Questionnaire (adopted)

This questionnaire is applicable for students between ages 15 and 69. If the
students are over 69 years old and not used to being very active, he/she must see
a doctor first.

GENERAL HEALTH QUESTIONS

Please read the 7 questions below carefully and answer each one honestly YES NO

1. Has your doctor ever said that you have a heart condition OR high blood
and you should only do physical activity recommended by the doctor?

2. Do you feel pain in your chest at rest, during your daily activities of living,
OR when you do physical activity?

3. Do you lose balance because of dizziness OR have you lost consciousness

in the last 12 months?
(Please answer NO if your dizziness was associated with over-breathing
(including during vigorous exercise).

4. Have you ever been diagnosed with another chronic medical condition
(other than heart disease or high blood pressure)?
PLEASE LIST CONDITION(S) HERE:
____________________________________
5. Are you currently taking prescribed medications for a chronic medical
condition:
PLEASE LIST CONDITION(S) AND MEDICATIONS HERE:
________________________
6. Do you currently have (or have had within the past 12 months)
a bone, joint, or soft tissue (muscle, ligament, or tendon)
problem that could be made worse by becoming more physically active?
(Please answer NO if you had a problem in the past, but it does not limit
your current ability to be
physically active).
PLEASE LIST CONDITION(S)
here:______________________________________________________

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 7. Has your doctor ever said that you should only do medically supervised
physical activity?
YES NO
Follow-up questions
about your medical condition(s)

1. Do you have Arthritis, osteoporosis, or back problems?

2. Do you have Cancer of any kind?
3. Do you have a heart or Cardiovascular Condition? This includes
Coronary Artery Disease, Heart Failure, Diagnosed Abnormality of
Heart Rhythm
4. Do you have an irregular heart beat that required medical management?
(e.g., atrial fibrillation, premature ventricular contraction
5. Do you have High Blood Pressure?
6. Do you have a resting blood pressure equal to or greater than 160/90
mmHg with or without medication?
7. Do you have any Metabolic Conditions? This includes Type 1 Diabetes,
Type 2 Diabetes, Pre-Diabetes
8. Do you often suffer from signs and symptoms of low blood sugar
(hypoglycemia) following exercise and/or during activities of daily living?
Signs of hypoglycemia may include shakiness, nervousness, unusual
irritability, abnormal sweating, dizziness or light-headedness, mental
confusion, difficulty speaking, weakness, or sleepiness
9. Do you have any signs or symptoms of diabetes complications such as
heart or vascular disease and/or complications affecting your eyes,
kidneys, OR the sensation in your toes and feet?
10. Do you have other metabolic conditions (such as current pregnancy-related
diabetes, chronic kidney disease or liver problems)?
11. Are you planning to engage in what for you is unusually high (or vigorous)
intensity exercise in the near future?
12. Do you have any Mental Health Problems or Learning Difficulties? This
includes Alzheimer’s Dementia, Depression, Anxiety Disorder, Eating
Disorder, Psychotic Disorder, Intellectual Disability, Down Syndrome
13. Do you ALSO have back problems affecting nerves or muscles?
14. Do you have a Respiratory Disease? This includes Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease, Asthma, Pulmonary High Blood Pressure
15. Has your doctor ever said you have high blood pressure in the blood
vessels of your lungs?
16. Do you have a Spinal Cord Injury? This includes Tetraplegia and
Paraplegia If the above condition(s) is/are present,
17. Do you commonly exhibit low resting blood pressure significant enough to
cause dizziness, light-headedness, and/or fainting?
18. Have you had a Stroke? This includes Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) or
Cerebrovascular Event If the above condition(s) is/are present.
19. Do you have any impairment in walking or mobility?

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 20. Have you experienced a stroke or impairment in nerves or muscles in the
past 6 months?
21. Do you have any other medical condition not listed above or do you have
two or more medical conditions?
22. Have you experienced a blackout, fainted, or lost consciousness as a result
of a head injury within the last 12 months OR have you had a diagnosed
concussion within the last 12 months?
23. Does anyone in your household ever smoke in Bed or any other place in
your house?
24. Do you take special precautions to avoid accidents in and around your
home?
25. Do you try to avoid eating too much salt or sodium?
26. Do you try to avoid eating too much fat?
27. Do you try eat enough fiber from whole grains, cereals, fruits and
vegetables?
28. Do you try to avoid eating too much high cholesterol foods, such as eggs,
dairy products and fatty meats?
29. Do you try to get enough vitamins and minerals in foods or in supplements?
30. Do you try to avoid eating too much sugar and sweet foods?

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 Activity no. 2 Activity no. 2
Personal profile
Name:______________________________ Course and year:__________
PathFit Schedule:___________________ Name of PathFit Teacher_______________
Age:_____________ Sex:____________

Resting Pulse rate:________

Exercise Pulse rate:_______

Medical Record:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Data Sheet for BMI and Waist to Hip Ratio

Body weight (BW):_________(kg) Hip Circumference (HC):____________

Height (HT) :________________(m) Waist Circumference (WC):________(cm)
Fitness category :____________________

Body Mass Index

BMI= BW________(kg) / HT ________(m)2
BMI:___________________
Weight Status:________________
Waist to Hip Ratio
WHR= WC_______(cm) / HC:_________(cm)
WHR:_______________
Fitness category/Classification :____________________

Legend:
BMI Weight Status
Below 18.5 Underweight
18.5 – 24.9 Normal or Healthy Weight
25.0 – 29.9 Overweight
30.0 and Above Obese
Waist to hip Circumference

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 Classification Men Women
(risk of disease)
High risk 1.0 and above 0.85 above
Moderately High risk 0.90- 1.0 0.80- 0.85
Optimal low risk of disease 0.90 below 0.80 below

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14 | Physical Fitness 1
 Waist to hip Circumference
Classification Men Women
(risk of disease)
High risk 1.0 and above 0.85 above
Moderately High risk 0.90- 1.0 0.80- 0.85
Optimal low risk of disease 0.90 below 0.80 below

A badminton-like game was known in

ancient Greece and Egypt - a game called
battledore and shuttlecock - in which two
players hit a feathered shuttlecock back
and forth with tiny rackets.

The game was played in India during the

18th Century, at which time it was called "Poona" . In the 1860s it was adopted by British Army officers
stationed in India. The officers took the game back to England, where it became a success at a party given
by the Duke of Beaufort in 1873 at his estate called "Badminton" in Gloucestershire.

The roots of the sport can be traced to ancient Greece, China, and India, and it is closely related to the
old children’s game battledore and shuttlecock. Badminton is derived directly from poona, which was
played by British army officers stationed in India in the 1860s. The first unofficial all-England badminton
championships for men were held in 1899, and the first badminton tournament for women was arranged
the next year.

The Badminton World Federation (BWF; originally the International Badminton Federation), the world
governing body of the sport, was formed in 1934.

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Badminton is also popular in Malaysia, Indonesia, Japan, and Denmark. The BWF’s first world
championships were held in 1977. A number of regional, national, and zonal badminton tournaments are
held in several countries. The best-known of these is the All-England Championships. Other well-known
international tournaments include the Thomas Cup (donated 1939) for men’s team competition and
the Uber Cup (donated 1956) for women’s team competition.

Badminton first appeared in the Olympic Games as a demonstration sport in 1972 and as an exhibition
sport in 1988. At the 1992 Games it became a full-medal Olympic sport, with competition for men’s and
women’s singles (one against one) and doubles (two against two). Mixed doubles was introduced at the
1996 Games.

Nature of Badminton
Badminton is a racquet sport in which players hit a shuttlecock through a net with racquets. The most
prevalent varieties of the game are "singles" (with one player per side) and "doubles" (with two players
per side) (with two players per side). Badminton is frequently played as a casual outdoor sport in a yard
or on the beach, with serious games taking place on a rectangular indoor court. Points are tallied.

Each team may only hit the shuttlecock once before it crosses the net. Play is called off when the
shuttlecock hits the floor or
when a fault is called by the
umpire, service judge, or (in
their absence) the opposing
side. [1]

Did you know…

“Badminton is named after the county seat of the duke of Beaufort in

Gloucestershire, England, possibly the region where the game was first played.”
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 Unit II
“The official world smash speed record is 332 km/h (206 mph), set by men's doubles player Fu
Haifeng of China, on June 3, 2005TITLE: EventsCup. In the singles competition, the fastest
in the Sudirman
smash recorded is 305 km/h (189 mph) by Taufik Hidayat of Indonesia”

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME

After studying this module, you are expected to:

 Identify the different category in badminton event.

 Recognize how it is being played and skills exposition
 Write the different skills and health related that an athlete develops

BADMINTON EVENTS

Single

Badminton singles is the most

challenging discipline in
badminton. It truly tests your
physical and mental strength.

Physical Fitness
In terms of physical requirements, a singles game requires you to move quickly around the
badminton court to retrieve the shuttle. You’ll need high level of fitness to play a successful
game of badminton.

Mental Strength
Besides physical strength, badminton singles players also need to have strong mental fitness.
Unlike a doubles game, a singles player will be playing ALONE on the
court. As such, you’ll need to have strong mental fitness to get you through your game.

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 Unit III

Title: Facilities, Equipment, Rules and Regulations

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME

After studying this module, you are expected to:

 Identify the different facilities and equipment used in badminton

 Analyze and write the violations of each game

FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENTS

Different versions of badminton have been played for centuries, but it was the game of "Poona" in India
that was the basis for the game of badminton we play today. In the 1860's a group of stationed British
army officers learned the game and took it back with them from India. The game grew in popularity until
1895 when the Badminton Association of England was formed, along with the rules of game play that are

18 | Physical Fitness 1
used around the world even today. In order to play this form of badminton, certain equipment and
facilities are needed.
Racket
The badminton racket is one of the most important tools in a
player's arsenal. Because they are made of materials such as
carbon fiber or lighter metals such as aluminum, badminton
rackets are much lighter than most other sports rackets. The
racket's components include the head, throat, shaft, and handle,
which have a maximum length of 27.77 inches and a width of 9
inches. It has stretch strings

Shuttlecock

The badminton shuttlecock, also referred to as a shuttle or birdie, acts similarly to a ball in other racket
sports. However, the design of the birdie creates
more drag as it is propelled through the air due to its
feathered shape. The shuttlecock is made up of a
cone shape with a hard cork at its tip. Shuttlecocks
can be made from a variety of materials -- more
expensive models are actually made. The
shuttlecock (also known as a “bird” or “birdie”) was
a small cork hemisphere with 16 goose feathers
attached and weighing about 0.17 ounce (5 grams).

Net

A mesh net divides the badminton court

into two sides. A badminton net is
placed lower than a volleyball net at five
feet and one inch high on the sides and
five feet high in the center. The length
may vary depending on whether doubles
or singles are playing, with singles
reaching 17 feet and doubles reaching 22
feet. The net is 30 inches wide with a 3-
inch white tape doubled over the top.

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Court

Badminton courts are 44 feet long by 20 feet wide, with a center net line separation resulting in a
22-foot-long by 20-foot-wide area on each side. The 44-foot-long by 20-foot-wide outline of a
badminton court is marked by boundary lines; these lines are the long service lines for singles
play and the sidelines for doubles play. The single side lines are 1 1/2 feet away from the double
sidelines.

Badminton Court Dimensions

The overall dimension is 20 feet by 44 feet, marking the sidelines for doubles play and long service lines
for singles play.

 A player touching the net or its supports with his body or racket while the shuttle is in play.
 Hitting the shuttle twice in succession by a player or team.

BADMINTON SKILLS

Badminton is one of the most followed and fast sport which demands utmost fitness. At the same
time, badminton is a beginner-friendly sport that anyone can start without much hesitation. In fact,

20 | Physical Fitness 1
playing the sport has many health advantages added to the fun. If and when you start playing the
wonderful sport, you need to work on some basics badminton skills to make it to the top in the
individually demanding sport. Besides, if you decide to go pro, basics are something that will haunt
you in the journey if not paid proper attention to them. Here are 7 basic badminton skills or the
fundamental skills of Badminton that you can learn without coaching.

BADMINTON SKILLS TYPES

 Back Hand
Grip  Forehand

 Attacking Stance
Stance  Defensive Stance
 Net Stance
 Move only 2-3 steps backward.
Footwork  Shuffle only 1 step sidewards.
 Move only 2-3 steps front
 High Serve
Serve
 Low Serve
 Fore Hand Smash
Smash  Back Hand Smash
 Jumping Smash
Drop Shot

Clear/Lob

Grip: Fundamental skills of badminton

Backhand and forehand Grip: Basic skills in badminton

21 | Physical Fitness 1
The only difference while playing the 2 kinds of strokes is in the use of fingers.

 Push the index finger forward while playing forehand strokes.

 Push the thumb forward while playing backhand strokes.

Stance: Badminton Skills

The stance is how you stand while playing badminton, both in between a rally and before
the serve. A stable and correct stance will bring a huge change in the results due to easier
movement. There are 3 types of stance:

Attacking Stance
It is used to get into position before playing an
overhead forehand stroke. To stand in the
attacking stance turn your body facing the

22 | Physical Fitness 1
sidelines with racket leg behind and both legs shoulder-width apart. Now raise both racket and non-racket
arms to generate the power to attack the shuttle on its downward trajectory.

Defensive Stance
To defend the opponent’s smash, you need
to be prepared with the defensive stance.
Face the body to the net and place your
racket in front at waist height, slightly
pointing forward. You can keep the non-
racket arm as comfortable while ensuring a
better balance.

Net Stance
This stance is to be ready for the opponent’s
return after playing a net shot. To play this shot,
place your foot on the racket side forward while keeping a non-racket foot at the back. Place the
racket in front of the body, slightly above waist height while raising the non-racket arm. Shift the
body weight
slightly forward
to be ready to
pounce forward.

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Footwork:
Badminton is played on a court with limited space,
and the athletes have to take care of the same
while playing. Footwork plays a huge role in
helping with an effective and organized movement
on the court. In fact, some coaches even raise
footwork to prime importance over other skills.

Tips for proper footwork

 Always remember the base (starting point).

 Move only 2-3 steps backward.
 Shuffle only 1 step sidewards.

Serve:

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Service is among the
most basic skill that you
need to master in
Badminton. Also, you
should ensure to make a
legal service otherwise
it might lead to penalty
points.

High Serve

High serve aims at the back-end corner of the opponent’s court. Ideally, a good high serve results in the
shuttle dropping steeply downwards at the back end of the court. In fact, a high serve is presented to
opponents having the ability to executing a strong smash. You can always expect a lob or a drop from
your opponent as a reply to a properly executed high serve.

Low Serve

Unlike high serve, the low serve aims to the front of the court. The objective is to let the shuttle fly just
above the net landing in the front corner of the court. In this case, your opponent has the opportunity to
dash forward and smash the shuttle to you if the execution is poor.

Smash:
Smash is the most potent and powerful stroke in badminton which naturally turns out to be the most
familiar term to all. The shot is basically to hit the shuttle powerfully towards the opponent’s body or
downward on the court. A perfectly executed smash has no defense. This badminton skill is the most
aggressive and technical one.

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Forehand smash

The forehand is an overhead smash which is

similar to the action of throwing a ball. You
shouldn’t have a problem playing this stroke
if you can throw a ball well. This skill in
badminton acts as a game-changer for
beginners.

Backhand smash

This is one of the toughest strokes in badminton, and even experts face difficulty in playing the stroke.
Still, it is important to practice and get the technique to rise in the skill level. To execute this stroke,
getting the backhand grip is extremely important. Also, it is equally important to return back to stance.
Backhand smash skill in badminton requires
years of practice and consistency.

Jumping smash

A forehand smash with a timed jump added

to it counts under jumping smash. This skill
in badminton is the most glamorous of all.

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Drop Shot
Amongst all the basic skills in Badminton, the
drop shot is the most technical one. Badminton
Drop Shots are delicate badminton shots that can
win you points that aim at scoring points in
deception. Played with both backhand and
forehand, these are used to move the opponent to
the frontcourt.

Clear or Lob
The lob shot in Badminton can be imagined as a
shot with an inverted ‘U’ trajectory. It is normally played from the forecourt with an aim to lift or
‘lob’ the shuttle over the opponent. The idea is to land it as near to the baseline as it is, at an angle
that is impossible to clear. This is similar to the drop in challenging the opponent with sudden motion
backward this time.

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 UNIT II

TITLE: Warm up, Footwork, Drills and Exercises

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME

After studying this module, you are expected to:

 Recognize the different core exercise and its benefits

 Perform the different core and leg exercises
 Perform the modified badminton skills at home
o Core exercise are exercises that focus on either the stabilization, endurance or
strengthening of the core muscles.
o It focuses on the abdomen, the lower abdomen and hips, the oblique’s, stabilizing
muscles, the spine and the back muscles, as well as the butt.
o It trains these muscles to work together properly to maintain proper balance,
agility, posture and movement to help the body move efficiently as well as
preventing injury.

WARM UP AND STRETCHING PRIOR AND AFTER THE GAME

Shoulder circles 5x in each direction

(Clockwise & Counter-clockwise) Reach up 10x
Start with your shoulders at your side. Begin to Start with your arms at chest level and raise your
circle your shoulders clockwise 5 times and counterclockwise arms all the way up and back to the start position.
5 times. Purpose – Warm up shoulders. Repeat 10 times. Purpose – Warm up shoulders.

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Reach across, 10 second stretch Reach back, 10 second stretch
Reach left arm across the chest, and with the right Place both hands behind the back and grasp your
arm, pull the left further across until you feel a stretch hands. Begin to lift your hands off of your back until a
in the shoulder, hold 10 seconds. Repeat for the opposite stretch is felt in the front of your shoulders, hold for
side. Purpose – Stretch lateral shoulder 10 seconds. Purpose – Stretch anterior shoulder

Jumping Jacks 10x Mountain climbers 10x

Start with feet together and hands at your sides. End Start with your hands on the ground, left leg forward with
with feet apart and hands clapped together. Repeat knee to chest and right leg back. In a quick motion, switch
10 times. Purpose – To warm up the arms and legs, as leg positions. The count for each cycle is 1,2,3-1. 1,2,3-2.
well as Increase heart rate and warm up the body. 1,2,3 - 3 counting up to 10. Purpose – Warm up legs,
arms, activate core muscles, & stretch Achilles tendons.

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Jumping Jacks 10x Alternate Calf Stretch 30 seconds
Calf Stretch 30 seconds Start with right foot approximately 18” from wall or
On your hands and feet, begin a left calf stretch on fence with toes pointing directly forward, bring the
ball of foot bringing the heel to the ground. Place the left foot forward and lean into the wall. Keep the
right foot over the left ankle; hold the stretch for 30 right knee straight and hold the stretch for 30
seconds. Switch sides and repeat. Purpose – Calf seconds. Repeat with the left leg. Purpose – Calf
muscle and Achilles stretch, warm up shoulders, muscle and Achilles stretch.
activate core muscles.

Toe Touches 10x Quad Stretches – 30 seconds

Start with feet shoulder width apart, hands on your Hold on to a stationary object like the wall or a fence
hips, reach down towards the toes. If you can reach, to maintain balance. Take hold of your right foot and
touch the floor in between your feet by the toes, then slowly pull your foot towards the buttocks, keep your
touch 1” behind, and again 1” behind that for a count of knee down by your opposite leg, not out to the side.
3. (1,2,3-1. 1,2,3 -2. 1,2,3-3 etc…) Then, back to the Repeat with the other side. Purpose – Stretch the
starting position. Repeat this count 10 times quadriceps muscles primarily
Purpose – stretch the hamstring muscles.

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BADMINTON DRILLS AND EXERCISES FOR IMPROVING FOOTWORK

Footwork is one of the fundamentals of badminton, and I can tell you this, without good
footwork, you will not be able to win because you can’t reach the shuttle.
Every badminton player will tell you that you need speed and stamina to win. Without speed,
you won’t reach the shuttle, and without stamina, you can’t keep up the speed.

Pointing footwork is the most basic drill for improving footwork. This is great for improving
stamina as well as refining technique. Let me explain how to do this.

1. With a Partner
One of the ways to practice this way is to move to wherever your partner points. There are 6
points that we point to; left in front of the net, right in front of the net, left and right middle of
sideline, left back corner, and right back corner. Speed is not of the utmost importance so make
sure your footwork is entirely refined and secure.

2. By Yourself
The other way is to do footwork by yourself. This way is a lot more
convenient, and you can target specifically at what you’re not good
at. In this one, you would move to the 6 points mentioned above but
without the pointing. Again speed is not the most important but
rather technique. What I like about this drill is that you can imagine
you’re playing a game and do footwork based on what the opponent
hits. You can also practice footwork that you specifically need to
work on. For example, moving back to the backhand corner.

31 | Physical Fitness 1 Badminton Court Points

For both these variants, 3 sets of 12 is a good warm-up, and do 5 sets of 20 if you want to push yourself
and improve your stamina a lot more.

SPEED FOOTWORK
What the pointing footwork doesn’t offer as much help to is speed. Speed is essential in footwork and
making sure you reach the shuttle. Six variants should all be practiced.

1. Front and Back (Straight)

In the straight front and back, you want to choose a half-court. Start in the middle. When the timer starts,
do a smashing motion after quickly shuffling to the back and then run up to the front and make a net kill
motion. Then keep going back and forth at full speed.

2. Front and Back (Diagonal)

This one is the same as straight, except you move diagonally. Smash at the back and then net kill front
after running diagonally. For both these drills, you want to switch sides after a few sets so you can
practice both backhand and forehand movements.

3. Side to Side (Net Kill)

Start in the middle, slightly more towards the net, of a full court this time. Once the timer starts, forehand
net kill at the net and then move back to the middle. Then backhand net kill and repeat at full speed.

4. Side to Side (Defense, No Jump)

For this drill, start right in the middle and then shuffle and touch each sideline. So shuffle left and right at
full speed.

5. Side to Side (Offense, With Jump)

This one is the same as defense except jump close to the sidelines. With this one, you should be able to
shuffle, shuffle, jump, shuffle, shuffle, jump. Try not to bounce when you land so you can immediately
shuffle when you land.

6. Corner to Corner Overhead Swings

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This one is like the side to side net kill, except you do it with a smashing motion at the back. Go to a
corner at the back from the middle and smash and then move to the middle. Then move to the other
corner and smash. Repeat at full speed.

In this drill, speed is essential, so make sure you go as fast as you can. I recommend 3 sets of 1 minute for
each of the variants. If it’s too difficult, lower it to 30 seconds.

SHUFFLING AND RUNNING

Doing actual footwork is excellent for improving your footwork, as evident as it sounds, but
what if you don’t have a court? Shuffling and running are great exercises for improving your
stamina and speed and thus your footwork.

Suicides are great for agility and speed. The quick turns and fast running are great for
badminton’s quick reactions to shots. For suicides, try to find a few lines and run to each. Start at
the first line and touch the second line. Then run back. Run to the third line after and touch that
and then run back. Then run to fourth line and run back and so on. Do about 5 lines, and the
distance between the first and fifth line should be around 50 to 100 meters.

Shuffling is also great for badminton because it’s a movement that you will be using. A basic
drill you can do is shuffle side to side quickly. Do this for about 3 minutes

For badminton warm ups you may refer this link below.

https://www.bnl.gov/bera/linkable_files/Warmup-Badminton.pdf

UNIT III

TITLE: OFFICIATING OFFICIALS OF BADMINTON

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME

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After studying this module, you are expected to:

 Identify and interpret the role of the officiating officials and hand signals.
 Execute the badminton officials hand signals proficiently.

Officials in Badminton and Their Roles

How Many Officials are in Badminton?

There is a total of 10 to 13 officials in a badminton tournament. The variation is on the line

judges. The BWF is recommended to have 10 line judges per court. But some tournaments will
only have 8 line judges.

What Are The Officials of Badminton?

They include 1 referee, 1 umpire, 1 service judge, and 8 to 10 line judges.

Referee in Badminton

In badminton, the referee is the most senior official. They have absolute authority, and they are
in charge of all matters which affect play and the players – both on the court and off the court.
The referee is looked after the whole tournament. The umpire, service judge, and line judges are
all needed to report to the referee.

In addition, the referee also has the authority to approve the practice and matches schedule.

What does the referee do in badminton?

The responsibilities of the referee :

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  Ensure the correct implementation of rules and regulations according to international
badminton standards.
 Plan and coming out with a schedule and order of play.
 Ensure smooth running of the tournament on each day.
 If any issue happens, the referee will liaise with the umpire and line judge officers.
 Doing amendments to the schedule and draw.
 Ensure all equipment used in a tournament is qualified according to BWF standards.
 Ensure the availability of all tournament reports.

You will not see referees carry out their duty on the court. They are more of a backend force.
Referees will only show face if any special issues are happening. If the umpire raises any conflict
or issues, the referee will exist and try to solve them. The decision that makes by the referees are
generally final.

Level of Referee

There are two levels of the international referee. They are:

 BWF Accredited.
 BWF Certificated – the highest level.
BADMINTON REFEREE TRAINING AND ASSESSMENT

The Confederation carries out the referee training and development programs. BWF will conduct
the training seminars and courses to ensure all the participants have sufficient knowledge of
badminton rules, equipment, players, etc.

All the potential referees are being trained and assessed by the National Badminton Associations.
Referees who complete the training, are knowledgeable, and have good experience will be
further assessed to become internationally referees who are BWF Accredited or Certified.

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The referee of the competition has the authority to choose the qualified candidates to join the
Refereeing team. The retirement age for a badminton referee is at age 65.

If you are interested in being a qualified badminton referee in the United States, you can gather
more information from USA Badminton.

UMPIRE

While the referee is taking care of the entire tournament, the umpire is in charge of
the badminton court and all the matches in a tournament.

Umpire is sitting on the tall umpire chair in front of the net. The umpire is responsible for the
main penalty, judging if the receiver makes a foul when a rally is served. Besides, the umpire
will also judge on his side if a shuttle is inside or outside the court.

BADMINTON UMPIRE QUALIFICATIONS

The levels of umpire can be categorized in 3 – from third grade to first grade.

The third-grade umpire can directly take the exam and get approval from the sports departments
of counties, districts, and universities.

If you are already a third-grade umpire, you can take more badminton umpiring at the city or
district level because this level of sports authority can approve you to become a second-grade
umpire.

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To become a first-grade umpire, you must regularly participate in the umpiring work at the
provincial, county, or state level. It would be best if you were recognized by the local sports
authority to have the opportunity to take the exam and be approved as a first-grade umpire.

NATIONAL UMPIRE

To become a national umpire, first, you must have a higher level of knowledge about badminton.
Not only do you need to grasp all the rules and regulations, but you also need to understand and
use them freely and correctly.

Secondly, you must understand the rules of drawing in badminton matches and participate in the
drawing process in some competitions.

In addition, every international or national umpire has the responsibility and obligation to train
local level umpires, and you can ask them for help.

3 LEVELS OF TEST

Generally, most of the Badminton Association will conduct national-level umpire examinations
every two years.
The association will issue documents to the provincial and regional sports committees and
allocate the venues for examination.

The candidates who are recommended by local committees from all over the country will take
the exam. Most of the examinations are include 3 sessions: written test, oral test, and the on-the-
spot umpire.

The content of the written test will include regular umpire law, drawing arrangement, and
English language.

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The oral test is mainly testing the candidates to listen to some conversations. The examiners will
observe their actions and measure the candidate’s ability to express and understand the rules.

The on-the-spot umpire test will test the level of the candidate. They will get tested on their
control ability, personality, and English speaking level.

First-grade umpires who are preparing to apply for national-level umpires can refer to the Law of
Badminton, approved by BWF, and the “Badminton Referee Handbook,” which was published
by an authorized badminton association from the respective country.

WHAT IS THE UMPIRE’S ROLE IN BADMINTON?

 Ensure the enforcement of the badminton rules in competition. Promptly pronounce foul
that committed by the players.
 Ruling on the appeal made by the player before the next serve.
 Ensure that players and spectators are kept informed of the progress of the game.
 Have the right to assign or remove a line judge or service judge after consultation with
the referee.
 Arrange for unexecuted duties when technical officers are insufficient.
 When the technical officer is blocked from sight, perform his duties for players to do a
“re-service.”
 Record and report to the referee all matters related to the rules of all the matches.
 Only submit those appeals related to the badminton rules to the referee. You must file this
type of appeal before the next serve. If the match is over, it should be filed before the
complainant leaves the court.
 Effectively interact with coaches, players, and other volunteers.
 Be a decision-maker and make sure of fair play in every game.

The retirement age for a badminton umpire is at the age of 55.

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SERVICE JUDGE

What is a service judge in badminton?

The service judge sits on a low chair in front of the net opposite the umpire.

What is the role of the service judge?

There are 2 main responsibilities for a service judge. The first one is making a ‘service fault’ call
if a player is foul when doing the serve. The second one is to provide a new shuttle if the player
requests a shuttle change.

You may find it in some tournaments. No service judge is being assigned. If this is the case, then
the umpire will also be taking up the role of service judge.

BADMINTON LINE JUDGE TRAINING AND ASSESSMENT

To become a qualified service judge, you will undergo the same training and assessment as those
who want to become an umpire. Therefore, you can refer to the part about the umpire if you want
to know how to become a service judge.

The retirement age for a badminton service judge is at age 55.

LINE JUDGES (LINESMEN)

The line judge is placed at each line of badminton court to look after if a shuttle landed is in or
out of the court near the line you are appointed to look after.

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How many line judges are there in badminton?

As mentioned in the beginning, the number of line judges can be different in different matches.
Some tournaments have 10 line judges, while some may have 8.

A midline judge on both sides of the court determines whether the serve is in the wrong zone.

A baseline judge on both sides determines whether the shuttle is out of the line and whether the
doubles make a long serve.

Two sideline judges on both sides of the court determine whether the shuttle is out of the line.

It’s the umpire’s responsibility to ensure he has sufficient line judges on duty during a
tournament being held.

WHAT ARE THE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A LINE JUDGE IN

BADMINTON?

Requirements for the line judge are:

They should sit on the line being assigned to him. The best position is to face the umpire. The
actual sitting distance between the line judges with the court is about 2.5 to 3.5 meters.

1. When the shuttle is falling outside the boundary, the line judge needs to shout “out” loud and
clear to report the shuttle is landed “outside the boundary.” At the same time, the arms need to
raise sideways so that the umpire can see clearly.

2. If the shuttle is landed within the line boundary, the line judges only need to point to the line
with their hands.

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3. If the eyesight of the line judge is blocked, they need to use both hands to cover their eyes
immediately to signal the umpire they miss the eye judgment.

Badminton Line Judge Training

BWF issues no course or certification to the training of line judges. Therefore, the path to
becoming a qualified line judge will with different for many countries. Since the position is not
as important as umpire or service judge, thus, most of the requirement for someone to become a
line judge is rather lenient.

In addition, the implementation of “Hawk-Eye” helps to share the jobs with the line judges.

About “Hawk-Eye”

It used to be the line judges who would have the final judge if a shuttle landed inside or outside
the line in a badminton match. However, it is difficult to ensure 100% accuracy by the line
judge’s eye, which leads to many controversies.
Because of this, it is finally resolved with the introduction of “Hawk-Eye.”

The technical principle is not complicated, and it is exact. The system consists of 8 or 10 high-
speed cameras, four computers, and a large screen.

The official name of “Hawk-Eye” is “Instant Replay System,” first used in tennis. The system
consists of 10 cameras that track the flying tennis ball and feedback information to the connected
computer, calculating the simulated trajectory.

When a player has objected to the umpire’s decision and applies for playback, it will display the
computer-simulated trajectory on both the TV and the large screen.

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The “Hawk-Eye” takes no more than 10 seconds from data collection to results demonstration,
and the error is guaranteed to be less than 1%.

Once you are qualified to be a line judge, you will not need any additional training. The line
judge can accumulate their judging skill and experience by taking part in more important
tournaments.

There is no retirement age for line judges. As long as your health and your eyes are in good
condition, you can get the position.

WHAT DO THE OFFICIALS WEAR IN BADMINTON?

The uniforms of badminton officials need to be well distinguished from the players. Also, their
shit colors cannot be too bright following the rules of badminton. To make it have clear
differences, badminton officials are wearing a single color polo shirt with black pants.

Linesmen or service judges are not in the limelight for the sport. Thus they are allowed to wear
less formal attire. However, they still need to put a decent uniform on for a competition to be
presentable.

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 UNIT IV

TITLE: BADMINTON PLAYING RULES

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME

After studying this module, you are expected to:

 Analyse fouls and violations by watching actual/virtual games

 Write own perspective on the calls, fouls, and violations in the game.

Basic Singles Rules

A badminton rally is started when a player performs the badminton serve.

Upon performing the service, the player will need to serve to the service boundaries. The picture
above shows you the in/out boundaries for a badminton service in a singles game.

Upon making a service in a singles game, you’ll need to serve to the

grey area as indicated in the picture above. It will be deemed OUT if it
lands anywhere else.

Please refer to this link for more ideas about SINGLE event in badminton
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4E3Uqc7HflQ

DOUBLES EVENT

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 Playing doubles with your friends in badminton is pretty
exciting but not knowing how to play badminton
doubles can be a hurdle in enjoying the game but don’t
worry in this guide you will find all information which is
necessary to play doubles.

To play Doubles in badminton you need 4 players in total

with each team having two players

There are three types of doubles categories:-

 Men’s double
 Women’s double
 Mixed double (one male/one female as a pair)

For all categories, rules are the same, but your strategy differs in each category for example

 Men’s doubles, it mostly depends upon attacks

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  Women’s doubles, matches are more like marathon means players try to win the rally by
making deceptive of fast shots

 M i x d o u b l e s ,
meaning that at mail player is attacking from the back of the court and female player is
covering the front area.

Please refer to this link for more ideas about DOUBLE event in badminton
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-mno5V7E7Q

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Badminton Doubles Rules
Before starting a match a toss of the coin is performed to decide who is going to serve to whom
and which side of court will be taken by respective players.

You can use any conventional coin.

Toss
1) to serve or to receive or

2) the preferred side of the court.

The loser of the coin toss will then exercise the remaining choice.

Badminton doubles rules (Service)

Which service is IN and which is OUT in doubles?

In doubles service which lands in the colored area is valid (Shuttle even if it lands on the line is
considered as valid)

And all service in doubles (and singles) is done diagonally.

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47 | Physical Fitness 1
It is easy to count the scores in badminton as an umpire, you have to follow one single rule and that is,
while counting always pronounce the score of the player who is having the service.

For Example Lin and Lee is having a match and you are appointed to count score as an umpire
now according to rules you have to tell the score of the server(who is doing the service) first
and after that the score of the receiver(who is receiving the service)

Formation When you are playing smash from the back of the court

Scenario 1 :
When your opponent gives you a high lift on your
side of the court(where you are standing), the
attacker goes to rear court for the smash and other
player will move to the front.

Reason why? because it will be difficult for the

smasher after smash to reach to net quickly.

As you can see in the diagram the frontcourt

player is standing a little bit to the side of the
court from where his partner hitting smash, This formation helps the player to keep their
attacking plays by covering the net.

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Scenario 2 :

When the attacker is hitting the smash, not that back of

the court this formation in doubles will be effective.

Here in diagram Smasher is not that far behind and if a

straight drop is played by an opponent he can easily
follow through the shuttle but if he counters the smash to cross side of rear court backside player
will be needed to play backhand which is not much effective.

That is why frontcourt player is standing a little bit to the left side to cover those cross drives.

Service and return position in doubles

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The person who is doing the service and receiving the service stand close to the front service
line, whereas the other two-player stand to the side of the court where the receiver is standing.

Like in this picture red t-shirt player is standing a little bit to the left to cover the straight reply of
the receiver.

SCORING SYSTEM

1. A match consists of the best of 3 games of 21 points (games cap at 30 points). Each game
starts at 0-0. If the match goes to the third game that third game will be played to 15.
2. Every time there is a serve – there is a point scored. a. A rally is won when a shuttle is hit over
the net and onto the floor of the opponent's court. b. A rally is lost if the shuttle is hit into the net,
or over the net but outside of the opponent's court. A rally is also lost if the shuttle touches the
player's clothing or body, or if it is hit before it crosses over the net.
3. The side winning a rally adds a point to its score.
4. At 20 all, the side which gains a 2 point lead first, wins that game.
5. At 29 all, the side scoring the 30th point, wins that game.
6. The side winning a game serves first in the next game.

INTERVAL AND CHANGE OF ENDS

1. A 2 minute interval between each game is allowed.

2. Teams switch sides at the end of each game.
3. In the third game, teams switch sides when the leading score reaches 8 points.

SERVING

1. The first serve of the game is always made from the right side of the court to the opposite
diagonal side. Only the player standing in the proper service court may return the serve.
2. The server must obey laws designed to force underhand delivery of the serve, and the receiver
must stand still until the service is struck.
3. Following the serve, players may move anywhere on their side of the net.
4. A player continues to serve (alternating service courts) as long as a player scores points.
5. The service passes consecutively to the players as shown in the diagram (see below).

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6. When the score is even, the server serves from the right service court. When it is odd, the
server serves from the left court.
7. If the serving side wins a rally, the serving side scores a point and the same server serves again
from the alternate service court.
8. If the receiving side wins a rally, the receiving side scores a point. The receiving side becomes
the new serving side.
9. The players do not change their respective service courts until they win a point while their side
is serving.
10. If the server completely misses the shuttle on the serve the server may re-serve.
11. A serve may not be delivered until the receiver is ready. If the receiver attempts to return the
serve, the receiver is to have been considered ready.
12. During the serve, it is a fault if:
(a) The shuttle is contacted above the server’s waist or the racket head is above any part of the
hand.
(b) The shuttle does not fall into the diagonally opposite service court.
(c) Some part of both feet of the server and receiver are not in contact with the appropriate court
until the shuttle is contacted by the server. Touching a line with the foot is considered out of the
court. *If players commit an error in the service court, the error is corrected when the mistake is
discovered.

GENERAL PLAY

1. A shuttle falling on the line is good. Use outside lines all the way around, except for serves
where you use the shorter back lines.
2. A shuttle which touches and passes over the net is in play (including the serve)
3. Faults Include:
(a) The shuttle fails to pass over the net or lands outside the boundary line.
(b) The shuttle contacts the walls, ceiling, player or player’s clothes.
(c) The shuttle passes through or under the net.
(d) The player touches the net.
(e) The player reaches across the net to contact the shuttle (following through across the net is
allowed).
(f) The shuttle is hit more than once or comes to rest or is momentarily caught on the racquet and
thrown.
(g) The player obstructs an opponent or invades the opponent’s court.

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 (h) A player is hit by the shuttle whether the player is standing inside or outside the court
boundaries.
(i) It is illegal for a player to hold up his/her racquet to block a return at the net. However, he/she
may hold it up to protect his/her face or if he/she is returning it from within the appropriate
receiving court.
4. Any accidental hindrance is considered a “let” and there will be a re-serve. For example, a
player or shuttle from another game entering the court.

The Net Line

The net line marks the middle of the court where the net is placed, creating a 22 feet by 20 feet area on
each side of the net.

The Badminton Net

The top of the badminton net is hung 5 feet above in the center net line.

Short Service Line

The short service line is marked 6 feet 6 inches from the center line. The area inside the short service line
is also called the Non Volley Zone.

Center Line

The Center Line is the line that divides the court from the Short Service Line to the Back Boundary Line.
This delineates the Left from Right Service Court.

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Side Line for Singles Play

The Singles Side Line is marked 1 1/2 feet from the edge of the outer boundary (doubles side line)

Back Boundary Line and Long Service Line for Singles

The back boundary line is the same for singles and doubles play it is the outermost back line on the court.

Long Service Line for Doubles

The Long Service line for Doubles is marked 2 1/2 feet inside the Back Boundary Line.

Rules

 A player must wait until his opponent is ready before serving. If the opponent attempts a return
then he is ruled having been ready.
 The feet of both players must remain in a stationary position until the serve is made. Your feet
can not be touching the line at this time.
 It is not a fault if you miss the shuttle while serving.
 The shuttle cannot be caught and slung with the racket.
 A player cannot hold his racket near the net to ward off a downward stroke by his opponent or to
interfere with his racket.

Faults

 The shuttle, at the instant of being hit is higher than the servers waist or the head of the racket is
higher than the servers racket hand.
 The shuttle does not land in the correct service court.

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  The server's feet are not in the service court or if the feet of the receiver are not in the court
diagonally opposite the server.
 The server steps forward as he/she serves.
 Any player balking or feinting his opponent before serve or during serve.
 A serve or shot that lands outside the court boundaries, passes under or through the net, touches
any other obstructions or a players body or clothing. The boundary and service lines are
considered in play.
 The shuttle in play is struck before it crosses the net to the striker's side of the net. You may
follow through over the net.

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What Is F.I.T.T.?

Understanding the F.I.T.T. principle helps you create a workout plan that will be more
effective in reaching your fitness goals. These are the elements you have to consider to
your fitness goals and fitness level.
F.I.T.T. stands for:
Frequency
- how often you will exercise?
- how hard you're working, your fitness level, and your exercise goals?
Intensity
- how hard you work during exercise?
Time
- how long you exercise during each session? (typically depend on your fitness level
and the type of workout you're doing.)

TERMINOLOGY

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 1. Alley - an extension of the width of the court on both sides to be used in doubles
play.
2. Backhand - any stroke made on the side of the body opposite the racket side.
3. Baseline - back boundary line.
4. Bird - the object that flies over the net, officially known as a shuttlecock.
5. Block - placing the racket in front of the bird and letting it rebound into the
opponent’s court.
6. Carry - momentarily holding the bird on the racket during the execution of a stroke.
7. Clear - a high shot that falls close to the baseline.
8. Double hit – contacting the bird twice in succession on the same stroke.
9. Drive – a hard stroke that just clears the net on a horizontal lane.
10. Hairpin stroke – shot made from below and very close to the net with the bird.
11. Home position – the ideal spot for awaiting the opponent’s return.
12. Let – a play allowed to be replayed.
13. Match – best two out of three games.
14. Rally – rapid return s made by players.
15. Toss/ spin – a method of deciding which side will serve first at the beginning of the
match
16. Umpire – an official who watches a game or match closely to enforce the rules and
arbitrate on matters arising from the play.
17. Line judge – responsible for signalling whether a shuttlecock has landed in or out
when the shuttle cock lands near the line assigned to them.

REFERRENCES

https://www.topendsports.com/sport/badminton/history.htm

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https://www.britannica.com/sports/badminton
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton
https://www.masterbadminton.com/badminton-singles.html
https://badmintonisgreat.com/badminton-doubles/
https://www.sportsrec.com/6612657/badminton-equipment-facilities
https://www.topendsports.com/sport/badminton/dimensions.htm
https://www.britannica.com/sports/badminton
https://web.mst.edu/~ima/rules/Badmintonrules.html
https://anderson.edu/uploads/campus-life/badminton.pdf
https://getgoodatbadminton.com/badminton-drills-and-exercises-for-improving-
footworkhttps://www.kreedon.com/basic-badminton-skills/
https://www.sportswebsites.org/how-many-officials-are-in-badminton-and-their-roles/
#:~:text=10%20line%20judges. Referee%20in%20Badminton,looked%20after%20the%20whole
%20tournament.

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