MATHEMATICS 9 QUARTER 1 Week 9

Competency:
The learner determines the equation of a quadratic function given its table of values,
graph and zeroes (M9AL-Ij-1); and solve word problems (M9AL-Ij-2).

Expectations

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the steps in determining equation of quadratic function;
2. derive the equation of the quadratic function given its table of values, graph and
zeros;
3. solve word problems involving quadratic function.

Pre-test

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Determine the quadratic function described by the table of values:
X -2 -1 0 1 2
Y 4 3 4 7 12
a. f(x) = x2 + 2x + 4 c. f(x) = x2 - x + 3
b. f(x) = x2 + 3x - 5 d. f(x) = x2 - 4x – 2

2. Find the equation of the parabola whose vertex is (2,5) and passing through the point
(1,3 ).
a. f(x) =2(x+1)2 + 1 c. f(x) = - (x+2 )2 + 5
b. f(x) =- (x- 2) + 3
2 d. f(x) = -2(x-2)2 + 5

3. Determine the equation of the parabola whose vertex is (-2,8) and passing through
the origin.
a. f(x) =(x+2)2 + 8 c. f(x) = -2(x+2 )2 + 8
b. f(x) = 2 (x- 2) + 8
2 d. f(x) = - (x-2)2 – 8

4. Find the quadratic function whose zeros-3 and 2

a. f(x) = x2 - 5x – 6 c. f(x) = x2 + 5x - 6
b. f(x) = x + x - 6.
2 d. f(x) = - x2 - x + 6
5. From a 96 foot building, an object is thrown straight up into the air then follows a
trajectory. The height S(t) of the ball above the building after t seconds is given by the
function S(t)=80t -16t2. Find the maximum height the ball reaches.
a. 75 feet c. 95 feet
b. 80 feet d. 100 feet

MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 9 1

 Looking Back at your Lesson

In your previous module, you have learned that quadratic functions

can be written in standard form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c and can transformed into
vertex form f(x)= a(x − h)2 + k and vice versa. Remember that:
𝑏 4𝑎𝑐−𝑏2
ℎ= − and 𝑘=
2𝑎 4𝑎

Activity: What’s My Vertex?

Direction. Using the given quadratic functions, determine the coordinates of

its vertex by finding (h,k).

Quadratic Functions h k

y = 2 (x – 1)2 + 3 1 3

1. y = 3(x + 2)2 − 1
2. y = −2(x + 3)2 + 5
3. y = − (x – 2)2
4. y = 4x2 − 7
5. y = 4x2 – 8x - 21

Introduction of the Topic

Lesson 1: DERIVING QUADRATIC FUNCTION

To derive quadratic function means to determine the equation that will represent
its (a) table of values, (b) graph and (c) zeroes.

A. Deriving Quadratic Function from the Table of Values

In deriving quadratic functions given the table of values, you may use the following
steps:

1. Choose any set of ordered pairs (x,y) from the table.

2. Substitute the ordered pairs in the equation y= ax2 + bx + c.
3. Solve the systems of equations by elimination or substitution to find the values
of a,b and c.

MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 9 2

 4. Then, write the equation in the form of y= ax2 + bx + c by replacing the exact
values of a,b and c.

Example 1. Determine the quadratic function described by the table of values below.

x -2 -1 0 1 2
Y 2 -3 -2 5 18

Solution:

Let the quadratic function be of the form y= ax2 + bx + c where a, b and c

are to be determined.

Step 1. Choose any three ordered pairs (x, y) from the table.
Supposed (-1, -3), (0, -2) and (1, 5).
Step 2. Form an equation using the quadratic equation y= ax2 + bx + c.
Substitute (-1, -3) → -3 = a (-1)2 + b (-1) + c
→ -3 = a – b + c Equation 1
Substitute ( 0, -2) → -2 = a (0)2 + b (0) + c
→ -2 = c Equation 2
Substitute (1, 5) → 5 = a (1)2 + b (1) + c
→ 5 =a+b+c Equation 3
Step 3. Solve the systems of equation by elimination or substitution.
Since c= -2, you can substitute the value of c to equations 1 and 3.

Equation 1: -3 = a – b + c Equation 3: 5 = a + b + c
-3 = a - b - 2 5=a+b -2
-3 +2 = a – b 5+2 = a + b
-1 = a – b 7=a+b

Add/subtract the reduced equation to eliminate one variable.

-1 = a – b
7 = a + b Add.
6 = 2a
6 2𝑎
=
2 2
3= a
Substitute the obtained value of a to any of the reduced equations to solve for
b.
7=a+b
7=3+b
7–3=b
4=b
Therefore , a = 3, b=4 and c= -2. Thus the quadratic function determined by
the table is f(x) = 3x2+ 4x – 2.

Example 2. Find the quadratic function determined by given table of values.

x -2 -1 0 1 2
y 0 2 6 12 20

Solution:
Step 1. Choose any three ordered pairs (x, y) from the table.
Supposed (-1, 2), (0, 6) and (1, 12).
Step 2. Form an equation using the quadratic equation y= ax2 + bx + c.

MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 9 3

 Substitute (-1, 2) → 2 = a (-1)2 + b (-1) + c
→ 2 =a–b +c Equation 1
Substitute ( 0, 6) → 6 = a (0)2 + b (0) + c
→ 6 = c Equation 2
Substitute (1, 12) → 12 = a (1)2 + b (1) + c
→ 12 = a + b + c Equation 3
Step 3. Solve the systems of equation by elimination or substitution.
Since c= 6, you can substitute the value of c to equations 1 and 3.
Equation 1 2=a–b+c
2=a-b +6
-6 +2 = a – b
-4 = a – b
Equation 3 12 = a + b + c
12 = a + b + 6
-6 +12 = a + b
6 =a+b
6 =a+b

Add/subtract the reduced equation to eliminate one variable.

-4 = a – b
6 = a + b Add.
2 = 2a
2 2𝑎
=
2 2
1= a
Substitute the obtained value of a to any of the reduced equations to solve for
b.
-4 = a - b
-4 = 1 - b
-1 – 4 = - b
-5 = -b
5=b
Therefore , a = 1, b = 5 and c = 6. Thus the quadratic function determined by
the table is f(x) = x2+ 5x + 6.

B. Deriving Quadratic Function given the Graph

You can use the form f(x)= a( x – h )2 + k to derive a quadratic function given
its graph.
Example 1. Write the function of the parabola whose vertex is at (2, 1) passing
through (4, 3).
Solution:
Step 1. Determine the vertex (h , k) and a point (x, y).
Vertex: h= 2 and k = 1
Point: x= 4 and y = 3
Step 2. Use the quadratic function in the form y = a( x – h )2 + k to solve for a.
By substitution, 3 = a ( 4 – 2)2 + 1
3 = a (2)2 + 1
3 = a (4) + 1
-1 + 3 = a (4)
2 = a (4)
2 𝑎(4)
=
4 4

MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 9 4

 𝟏
=𝒂
𝟐
Step 3. Substitute the obtained value of a and the given vertex (h, k) to the
quadratic function f(x) = a( x – h )2 + k and simplify.
1
f(x) = ( x – 2 )2 + 1
2
1
= ( x2 – 4x + 4 ) + 1
2
1
= x2 – 2x + 2 + 1
2
𝟏
Thus, f(x) = x2 – 2x + 3 the function of the given graph.
𝟐

Example 2. Find the equation of a quadratic function given its graph below.

Step 1. Determine the vertex (h , k) and a point (x, y).

Vertex: h= -1 and k = -3
Point: x= 0 and y = -1

Step 2. Use the quadratic function in the form

y = a( x – h )2 + k to solve for a.

By substitution, -1 = a ( 0 – (-1))2 - 3
(0, -1) -1 = a (1)2 - 3
-1 = a - 3
3-1=a
2 =a

Step 3. Substitute the obtained value of a and the

(-1, -3)
given vertex (h, k) to the quadratic function
f(x) = a( x – h )2 + k and simplify.
f(x) = 2 ( x – (-1) )2 - 3
= 2 ( x + 1 )2 - 3
= 2 ( x2 + 2x + 1 ) - 3
= 2x2 + 4x + 2 - 3
Thus, f(x) = 2x + 4x - 1 the function of the given graph.
2

C. Deriving Quadratic Function from Zeros

We can derive the defining equation of a quadratic function when the zeroes
are given. Let us analyze the following examples.

Example 1: Find the equation of a quadratic function having 3 and 5 as zeroes.

Solution:
By Working Backward,
Zeros: 3 and 5
x=3 , x=5 Take 3 and 5 as zeros.
x–3=0 x–5=0 Let them be factors equated to zero.
( x- 3) ( x- 5) = 0 Put them in factored form.
x2 - 3x - 5x +15 = 0 Multiply using FOIL method.
x2 - 8x + 15 = 0 Add similar terms ( -3x) + (- 5x) = 8x
x2 - 8x + 15 = f(x) f(x) = 0
Thus, the quadratic function is f(x) = x2 - 8x + 15 . Final Answer

MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 9 5

 𝒃 𝒄
Note: If r and s are the zeroes of quadratic function, then r + s = − and rs = .
𝒂 𝒂
We can have another solution using this concept.

By Sum and Product of the Zeroes,

Zeros: 3 and 5 Let r = 3 and s= 5.
r + s = 3+ 5= 8 Take the sum of the zeroes.
rs = 3 (5) = 15 Take the product of the zeroes.
𝒃
− =8
𝒄
= 15 Use the formula for the sum &
𝒂 𝒂
product of zeroes of quadratic
x2 - 8x + 15 = 0
function.
Substitute to the function
𝑏 𝑐
Thus, the quadratic function is f(x) = x2 + (− ) x + ( )
𝑎 𝑎
f(x) = x2 - 8x + 15 . Final Answer

1
Example 2: What is the quadratic function determined by the zeroes -5 and ?
4
Solution:

By working backward,
1
Zeros : -5 and
4
1
x = -5 , x= 1
4
1
Take -5 and as zeroes.
4
x+5=0 x– =0 Let them be factors equated to zero.
4
1
( x + 5) ( x - ) = 0 Put them in factored form.
4
( x + 5) ( 4x- 1) = 0
4x2 + 20x - x - 5 = 0 Multiply using FOIL method.
4x2 + 19x - 5 = 0 Add similar terms (20x) + (- x) = 19x
4x2 + 19x – 5 = f(x) 0 = f(x)
Thus, the quadratic function is f(x) = 4x2 +19x - 5 . Final Answer

Example 3: The zeroes of the functions are 1 ± √5 . What is the quadratic function?
Solution:

By Sum and Product of the Zeros,

Zeros: 1 + √5 and 1 − √5 Let r = 1 + √5 and s= 1 − √5.
r + s = 1 + √5 + 1 − √5 = 2 Take the sum of the zeroes.
rs = (1 + √5 ) (1 − √5 ) Take the product of the zeroes.
= 1 −√5 +√5 −5 Multiply using FOIL method.
=-4
𝒃 𝒄 Use the formula for the sum &
− =2 =-4 product of zeroes of quadratic
𝒂 𝒂
x2 - 2x - 4 = 0 function.
Substitute to the function
𝑏 𝑐
f(x) = x2 + (− ) x + ( )
Thus, the quadratic function is f(x) = x2 - 2x - 4 . 𝑎 𝑎
Final Answer

𝟐
Example 4: What is the quadratic function whose sum and product of the zeroes is − and
𝟑
5 respectively?

Solution:
By Sum and Product of the Zeroes,

MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 9 6

r+s=−
𝟐 Take the sum of the zeroes.
𝟑
Take the product of the zeroes.
rs = 5
𝒃 𝟐 𝒄 Use the formula for the sum &
− =− =5 product of zeroes of quadratic
𝒂 𝟑 𝒂
function.
𝟐
x2 + x +5=0 Substitute to the function
𝟑 𝑏 𝑐
f(x) = x2 + (− ) x + ( )
𝑎 𝑎
𝟐
3 (x2 + x + 5 = 0) Write the equation with integral
𝟑
coefficient by multiplying the whole
Thus, the quadratic function is equation by the LCD.
f(x) = 3x2 +2x +15 . Final Answer

Activities

Activity 1.1 Match Me Up!

Match the table of values in column A to its corresponding quadratic function in
column B.
Column A Column B
1. x -2 -1 0 1 2
a. f(x) = x2 -5x +2
Y 1 -2 -1 4 13

2. x -2 -1 0 1 2 b. f(x) = 2x2+3x -1
y 16 8 2 -2 -4
c. f(x) = x2+2x +5
3. x -2 -1 0 1 2
d. f(x) = 3x2+2x -4
y 4 -3 -4 1 12
e. f(x) = x2 +2x +3
4. x -2 -1 0 1 2
y 3 2 3 6 11 f. f(x) = 4x2-3x -5

5. x -2 -1 0 1 2
y 5 4 5 8 13

Activity 1.2 Para-bubbles

Determine the quadratic function of the given parabola. Choose your answer inside the
bubbles.

Parabola whose,
f(x) = x2+ 2x -3
f(x) = x2- 2x +5

MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 9 7

 1. vertex is (-1 , -4 ) passing through (0, -3)

2. vertex is (1, -2 ) passing through (2, 1)

f(x) = x2 +2x+1
3. vertex is (1 , 1 ) passing through (0, 3)

4. vertex is (-1, 0) passing through (1, 4)

f(x) = 3x2 -6x+1 f(x) = 2x2- 4x+3
5. vertex is (1 , 4) passing through (2, 5)
Activity 1.3 Form My Quadratic Function
Write the quadratic function with integral coefficient on the space provided, given:

1. zeroes are 5 and 6 ___________________

2. zeroes are 2 and -3 ___________________
1
3. zeroes are and -2 ___________________
3

Lesson 2: SOLVING PROBLEM INVOLVING QUADRATIC FUNCTION

In solving problem involving quadratic function is the same way in solving common
word problems in mathematics that you have learned. In this lesson you have to remember
the following form.
Quadratic Function form: f(x) = ax2 + bx + c , or y = ax2 + bx + c
X-Intercept form of Quadratic Function: y= a(x – r)(x – s)
Vertex form: f(x) = a(x – h)2 + k
Vertex : (h , k)
−𝑏 4𝑎𝑐−𝑏 2
h = k=
2𝑎 4𝑎
Maximun point : a > 0 , x = h
Minimum point: a < 0 , x = h

Example 1. The sum of two numbers is 24. Find the maximum product and the two
numbers.

Solution :
(Note: The possible pairs are 1 and 23, 2 and 22, 3 and 21, 4 and 20,…..and 23 and 1)
Let x = the first number
24 – x = the first number
F(x) = product of the two numbers
The working equation will be F(x) = x (24-x) since the problem is dealing with the
product of the two numbers. Hence, F(x) = 24x – x2.
The maximum value of F(x) is referring to the value of its k.
F(x) = -x2 + 24x ; a = -1, b = 24, c = 0

4𝑎𝑐−𝑏 2 4(−1)(0)−(24)2 −(24)2

Using the formula k= : k= = = 144
4𝑎 4(−1) −4

Thus, the maximum product is 144.

The product of the two numbers x and 24 – x must be equal to 144. That is

MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 9 8

 x (24 – x) = 144; 24x – x2 = 144 or -x2 + 24x = 144

-x2 + 24x – 144 = 0 (Using Subtraction Property of Equality)

−1[−𝑥 2 + 24𝑥 − 144 = 0] − 1 (Multiplying both sides of equation by -1 to produce

positive a)

x2 – 24x + 144 = 0 (Resulting equation)

(x -12)2 = 0 (Factoring trinomial quadratic equation)

x = 12. (by Zero Product Property)

If x = 12, then 24 – x = 12. Hence, the two numbers, whose sum is 24 and whose product is
the maximum are 12 and 12.

Example 2: A toy rocket is fired into the air from the top of a barn. Its height(h) above the
ground in yards after t second is given by the function h(t) = -5t2 + 10t + 20.
a. What was the initial height of the rocket?
b. When did the rocket reach its maximum height?

Solution:
Given: height(h)
second(t)
function: h(t) = -5t2 + 10t +20

Sketch:
y

height(yd)

time(s)

a. The initial height of the rocket is the height from which it was fired. The time is zero.
h(t) = -5t2 + 10t + 20
h(t) = - 5(0)2 + 10(0) + 20
h(t) = 20 yd
The initial height of the rocket is 20 yards. This is the y-intercept of the graph.

b. The rocket reach its maximum height.

−𝑏
the time: t =
2𝑎

t = -10
2(-5)

t = 1 sec.
It takes the toy rocket 1 second to reach its maximum height.

Activity 2.1: Find My Solution.

Solve each problem. Use separate sheet of paper to show your solution.

1. Find the two numbers whose sum is 50 and whose product is a maximum.
2. Find two numbers whose difference is -30 and whose product is a minimum.

MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 9 9

 3. A young boy is launching a toy rocket he got for his birthday from the top of an
8-story building (80 feet high). The formula given for the maximum height that
his rocket will reach is h= -16t2 + 64t +80. What is the maximum height that the
rocket will reach?
4. A projectile is propelled upward. Its distance D, in ft, after t seconds is given by
the function D(t) = − 16t2 + 96t. Find the maximum height reached by the
projectile. After how many seconds did it reach the maximum height?

Remember
The steps in finding the equation of quadratic functions are shown below:

1. Given Table of Values

• Choose any three ordered pairs (x, y) from the table.
• Form an equation using the quadratic equation y= ax2 + bx + c.
• Solve the systems of equation by elimination or substitution.
• Substitute the obtained value of a to any of the reduced equations to solve for
b.
• Express the function in general form.

2. Given the Graph

• Determine the vertex (h , k) and a point (x, y).
• Use the quadratic function in the form y = a( x – h )2 + k to solve for a.
• Substitute the obtained value of a and the given vertex (h, k) to the quadratic
function f(x) = a( x – h )2 + k and simplify.
• Express the function in general form.

3. Given the Zeroes

A. Working Backwards
• Equate to zero.
• Write as factors
• Multiply the factors.
• Express the function in general form.
B. Sum and Product Zeroes
𝑏
• Take the sum of the zeroes. (− )
𝑎
𝑐
• Take the product of the zeroes. ( )
𝑎
𝑏 𝑐
• Substitute to the function f(x) = x2 + (− ) x + ( )
𝑎 𝑎

To solve word problems involving quadratic function:

• Read the problem and understand what is asked.
• Decide what to do.
• Apply the appropriate method.
• Check or verify your answer.

Check your Understanding

A. Determine the quadratic function given the following:
1. The sum of the zeroes is -7 and the product is 10.
2. The zeroes are 5 and 3.
2
3. The zeroes are and -4.
3
4. The vertex (2, 1) passing through point (4, 3).

5. The graph passing through (-1,6), (0,1) and (1,0).

MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 9 10

 B. Solve each problem.
1. The sum of two numbers is 36. Find the numbers whose product is a maximum.
2. A ball is thrown from the top of a 144-foot building. The ball follows a trajectory.
The height H reached by the ball after t seconds is given by the quadratic
function H(t) = 64t – 16t2.

a. How high did the ball reach?

b. How long did it take to reach that height?
c. Where is the ball after 5 seconds?

Post test

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Determine the quadratic function described by the table of values:
X -2 -1 0 1 2
Y 4 3 4 7 12
b. f(x) = x2 + 2x + 4 c. f(x) = x2 - x + 3
b. f(x) = x + 3x - 5
2 d. f(x) = x2 - 4x – 2

2. Find the equation of the parabola whose vertex is (2,5) and passing through the point
(1,3 ).
a. f(x) =2(x+1)2 + 1 c. f(x) = - (x+2 )2 + 5
b. f(x) =- (x- 2)2 + 3 d. f(x) = -2(x-2)2 + 5

3. Determine the equation of the parabola whose vertex is (-2,8) and passing through
the origin.
a. f(x) =(x+2)2 + 8 c. f(x) = -2(x+2 )2 + 8
b. f(x) = 2 (x- 2)2 + 8 d. f(x) = - (x-2)2 – 8

4. Find the quadratic function whose zeros-3 and 2

a. f(x) = x2 - 5x – 6 c. f(x) = x2 + 5x - 6
b. f(x) = x + x - 6.
2 d. f(x) = - x2 - x + 6
5. From a 96 foot building, an object is thrown straight up into the air then follows a
trajectory. The height S(t) of the ball above the building after t seconds is given by the
function S(t)=80t -16t2. Find the maximum height the ball reaches.
c. 75 feet c. 95 feet
d. 80 feet d. 100 feet

MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 9 11

 MATHEMATICS 9
Quarter 1 Week 9
ANSWER SHEET
Name: Math Teacher:
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MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 9 12