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Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SORSOGON
BULAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Bulan, Sorsogon

MATHEMATICS 9
Q1- W3:LAS 4: TRANSFORMING QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS FROM GENERAL FORM TO
VERTEX FORM (vice versa)

Name: ______________________________________________ Barangay: __________________________

Grade & Section: ______________________________________ Date: ______________________________

I. LEARNING SKILLS FROM MELCS

CG CODE: M9AL-Ie-1
transforms the quadratic function defined by y = ax2 + bx + c into the formy = a(x – h)2 + k

II. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT

Start this module by assessing your knowledge of the perfect square trinomial and
square of a binomial. These knowledge and skills will help you answer the proceeding
activities easily. As you go through this module, think of this important questions: “How to
transform quadratic functions from general form to vertex form?” “What is the
importance of transforming quadratic functions from general form to vertex form?”
To find the answer, perform each activity. If you find any difficulty in answering the
exercises, seek the assistance of your teacher or peers or refer to the modules you have
gone over earlier.

Transforms the quadratic function defined by y = ax2+bx+c into the form y = a(x-h)2+k

Quadratic Function - a second-degree function of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx c,

where a, b,and c are real numbers and a ≠ 0.
This is a function which describes a polynomial of degree 2.

Perfect Square Trinomial – a trinomial whose first and last terms are
perfect squares and whose middle term is twice the product of the
first and last terms. Examples: x2 + 4x + 4, x2 - 6x + 9, 4x2 + 12x + 9
- A trinomial that can be written as a square of a binomial.
Examples: x2 + 4x + 4 = (x+2)2
x2 - 6x + 9 = (x-3)2,
4x2 + 12x + 9 =(2x+3)2

Vertex form (standard form) - a quadratic function in the form y = a(x-h)2+k, where h and k
are the vertex of the graph of the function.
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III. ACTIVITIES
A. Let Us Review

Direction: I. Determine a number that must be added to make each of the following a perfect
square trinomial.
1. x2 + 6x + __ 2. x2 - 16x + __ 3. x2 - 5x + __

II. Express each perfect square trinomial as a square of a binomial.

1. x2 - 12x + 36 = _______________
2. x2 +18x + 81= ________________

Were you able to answer the activity? I’m sure you did it! From the activity, you were
able to make perfect square trinomials as well as expressing Perfect square trinomial
to square of binomials. These knowledge and skills will help you perform the next
section.

B. Let Us Study

The general form of a quadratic function is 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐. In your next

activity, the standard form or vertex form 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘 will be introduced.
The standard form will be more convenient to use when working on problems
involving the vertex of the graph of a quadratic function.

Let me show to you the process on how to transform 𝑦

= 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 into 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘. I hope you
can follow me.

Solution: 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 Steps:

1. 𝑦 = (𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥) + 𝑐 1. Group together the terms containing x

2 b
2. y=a(x + x)+c 2. Factor out a
a
3. Complete the expression in
2 2
2 b b b
3. y=a(x + x+ 2 )+ c− parenthesis to make it a perfect
a 4a 4a
square trinomial

b 2 4 ac−b 2
(
4. y=a x +
2a)+
4a
4. Express the perfect square trinomial
as square of binomial.

4 ac −b2
❑
−b
5. y=a ( x −h )2 +k 5. Let h= ( )
2a
∧k =
4a

Hence 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 is transformed to 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ) 2 + 𝑘 .

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Solution 1: By completing the square:

𝑦 = ( 𝑥 2 – 4𝑥 ) − 10 - Group together the terms containing 𝑥.

𝑦 = ( 𝑥 2 – 4𝑥 ) − 10 - Factor out 𝑎. Here 𝑎 = 1.
𝑦 = ( 𝑥 2 – 4𝑥 + 4) − 10 – 4 - Compete the expression in parenthesis to make it a perfect
square trinomial by adding a constant ( −4÷ 2 ) 2 = 4 and
subtracting the same value from the constant term.
𝑦 = ( 𝑥 – 2)2 – 14 - Simplify and express the perfect square trinomial as square
of binomial. Where ℎ = 2 and 𝑘 = −14

Solution 2:
4 ac −b2
❑
−b
By applying the formula h= ( )
2a
∧k =
4a
In the equation 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 – 4𝑥 – 10,

𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = −4 and 𝑐 = −10. Thus,

❑
4
h= ( ) h= −2(−4
−b
2a ( 1)
)
h= h=2
2
2
4 ac−b2 4 ( 1 ) (−10 )−(−4 ) −40−16
k= k= k= k =−14
4a 4(1) 4

By substituting the solved value of h and k in 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘, we obtain 𝑦 = ( 𝑥 – 2)2 – 14.

Now it’s your turn to do the transforming,

cheer up you can do it right!

Transform the given quadratic function into the form 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 – ℎ) 2 + 𝑘 by following
the steps.

1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 6 2. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2
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If we transform quadratic functions in general

form into vertex form, do you think we can also
transform from vertex form into general form.

Let’s rewrite the previous example to its original form by

reversing the process.

Rewrite the function y = ( x – 2)2 - 14 in general form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐

𝑦 = ( 𝑥 – 2)2 − 14 Expand (𝑥 – 2)2

𝑦 = ( 𝑥2 – 4𝑥 + 4) − 14 (𝑥 – 2)2 = (𝑥2 – 4𝑥 + 4)
𝑦 = 𝑥2 – 4𝑥 + (4 − 14 ) Simplify and subtract −14.
𝑦 = 𝑥2 – 4𝑥 - 10
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Transform the given quadratic function into the form

𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 by following the steps.

Amazing! You`re doing great! You

can now proceed with the next
activity.

Directions:

I. Transform the following functions from general to

vertex form.

a. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 12 b. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 14

II. Transform the following from vertex form to

general form.

a. 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 3)2 − 12 b. 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2)2 + 2

This time, share to the class your final insights by

answering the following questions below.

1. What have you learned in today lesson?

________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________ ___________________________
2. How your knowledge in your previous lessons have helped you transform
quadratic
ing function from general form into vertex form and vice versa?
________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

KEY TO CORRECTION
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y=¿ )+2 -

II.
a.
𝑦 = (𝑥 + 3 )2 − 12
𝑦 = (𝑥2 + 6𝑥 + 9) − 12
𝑦 = 𝑥2 + 6𝑥 + 9 − 12
𝑦 = 𝑥2 + 6𝑥 − 3
b.
𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2)2 + 2
𝑦 = (𝑥2 − 4𝑥 + 4) + 2
𝑦 = 𝑥2 − 4𝑥 + 4 + 2
𝑦 = 𝑥2 − 4𝑥 + 6
References:

Mathematics Grade 9 Learner`s Material, First Edition, 2014 .pages 130-131

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Prepared by:

GOMERCINDO B. HUARDE JR.

T –III

Quality Assurance Validators:

PRECY A. HUIDEN ALMA G. GILANA

MT II HT I, Mathematics