Republic of the Philippines

CATANDUANES STATE UNIVERSITY

Virac, Catanduanes

College of Education - Physical Education Department

PATHFit 4: VOLLEYBALL

INTRODUCTION TO SPORTS

Welcome to PE 4: SPORTS!

Serving as legal foundation for this course is indicated in the Section 19, Article XIV of the 1987 constitution
for which mandates the ARTICLE XIV, EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, ARTS, CULTURE
AND SPORTS, specifically stated as:

SPORTS

Section19. (1) The state shall promote physical education and encourage sports programs, league
competitions, and amateur sports, including training for international competitions, to foster self-discipline,
teamwork, and excellence for the development of a healthy and alert citizenry.

(2) All educational institutions shall undertake regular sports activities throughout the country in cooperation
with athletic clubs and other sectors.

Sports played an integral part in every culture past and present. Throughout history, people have
participated in various physical activities. Integral to early civilizations’ survival tasks of seeking food,
clothing, shelter, and protection were the utilitarian skills of running, jumping, throwing, wrestling, climbing
and swimming (Lumpkin, 2014, p. 194).

In the present time, people of all ages go in pursuit of different recreational, competitive, and
entertaining physical activity and sports programs. People who engaged in such activities like jogging,
aerobic dancing, walking, joining a fitness club and many other physical pursuits have proven that these
activities are fun, as well as it gives them opportunity to gain new friends and relationships.

There’s a lot of reason why people engage in sports. Some wanted to maintain a healthy body, and
some are in sports for enjoyment and relaxation. Sports fans dedicate much time to learning more about
their favorite sport and attending sporting events in support of their favorite athletes and teams. Student-
athletes engaged in sports for scholarship while others are in sports as profession.

Sports is an organized, competitive, entertaining, and movement activity requiring commitment,

discipline, strategy, and fair play, in which a winner can be defined by objective means. It is governed by a
set of rules or customs.

To most people sports serves as recreation, the term recreation here is defined as any leisure
activity that is enjoyable, meaningful and non-obligatory to the person involved done during the available
time. Example are non-competitive activities such as playing, dancing, mountain climbing, biking and other
activities. Hence other activities requiring skills such as air performance, board games, card games, wheels
racing, and water boat racing are likewise categorized as sports only if recognized by International Olympic
Committee, the governing body of sports.

TERMINOLOGIES

Athletes -pertain to the player in sports.

Coach -is the expert, formal authority and mentor within a team.
Competition -refers to the competitive sport or tournament.
Court -is the physical facility / venue where sports are played.
Equipment -are usually heavy and well – built materials used in a sport.
Exercise -is a physical activity that enhances one’s physical fitness.
Game -is synonymous to a match governed by rules and regulators. It also pertains to recreational
activities that are not considered as a sport. (Example: card games, internet games, etc.)
Leisure -pertains to the available time used from work, obligations a responsibility.
Match -refers to an entire game characterized by number, time and order.
Officials -are the persons or group of individuals who have the full jurisdiction over the game. It
includes umpire, referees, scores, line judges, arbiters and table officials.
Set -refers to the partition of a match.
Sportsmanship -is an attitude that strives for fair play, courtesy toward teammates and opponents,
ethical behaviors and integrity and grace in victory or defeat.
 Republic of the Philippines
CATANDUANES STATE UNIVERSITY
Virac, Catanduanes

College of Education - Physical Education Department

Supplies -are usually referred as to the racquets and balls that are inevitably replaced.
Team Captain -is the player in – charge of the team.
Trainer -is the instructor expert that teaches drills and skills.
Uniform -is the term for the clothing of the players that includes the shoes and other accessories.
Recreation -any leisure activity that is enjoyable, meaningful and non-obligatory to the person involved
done during the available time.

General Classification of Sports

1. Athletics e. g. running, jumping, and Throwing events

2. Ball (games) Sports e. g. Basketball and Volleyball
3. Club and Ball Sports e. g. Golf
4. Cue Sports e. g. Billiards
5. Combat Sports e. g. Taekwondo, karatedo etc.
6. Dance Sports e. g. Standard and Latin Dance Sports
7. Extreme Sports e. g. BMX, UFC, Motorcross etc.
8. Gymnastics e. g. Artistic and Rhythmic Gymnastics
9. Mind Sports e. g. Chess
10. Motor Sports e. g. Motorcross
11. Racket Sports e. g. Badminton and Table Tennis
12. Riding Sports e. g. Equestrian
13. Shooting and Target Sports e. g. Riffle / Gun Shooting
14. Water Sports e. g. Swimming
15. Weights Sports e. g. Weightlifting
16. Winter Sports e. g. Figure / Ice Skating
17. Wheels Sports e. g. Cycling

Classification of Sports According to Player’s Composition

1. Individual Sports – consist of 1 player against an opponent.
2. Dual Sports – consist of duo / pair against another 2 players.
3. Team Sports – consist of three (3) or more players per team.

Classification of Sports According to Level

1. Amateur – pertains to a proletarian / popular type of sports consisting of one player or more acting
as ambassador of a place competing in a highly organized game.
Ex. National Games, ASEAN Games and Olympics
2. Professional – is a popular profitable type of sport elevated as an entertainment.
Ex. Manny Pacquiao (Boxing), Tiger Woods (Golf), Stephen Curry (Basketball)

Benefits of Sports
➢ Chance at sports scholarship
➢ Develop emotional traits and personality
➢ Develop physical and mental skills
➢ Encourage goal setting and achieving goals
➢ Health and fitness benefits
➢ Improve academic performance
➢ Improve body physique
➢ Less risk of cigarette, drug and alcohol use
➢ Pleasure (Satisfaction)
➢ Professional growth
➢ Profit
➢ Socialization

Volleyball

Volleyball is a popular team sport that is played by using a net and ball. It finally gets the attention
it deserves and is continuously increasing in popularity up to now. The sport has become a favorite and
widely known in many parts of the world.
 Republic of the Philippines
CATANDUANES STATE UNIVERSITY
Virac, Catanduanes

College of Education - Physical Education Department

HISTORY

The game volleyball, originally called “mintonette”, was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan after
the invention of basketball only four years before.
William G. Morgan, a graduate of Springfield College of Young Man's Christian Association (YMCA) in
Holyoke, Massachusetts make friends with James Naismith who invented Basketball year 1891.

the year 1895, Mr. William G Morgan, tried to compete with Naismith. Morgan wanted to develop a game
that would also gain popularity but less strenuous than Basketball. He also tried to develop volleyball for
the rich business men.

In search of appropriate game, he thought of Tennis. But tennis required rackets, balls, a net and other
equipment so it was eliminated except for the Idea about the Net. He raised it with the height of about 6ft
and 6 inches or 1.98 meters from the ground just above the head of an average man.

He needed a Ball, and he tried the Basketball Bladder but it was too light and too slow. Therefore, he tried
the basketball itself however it was too big and heavy.

So, Morgan asked the A.G Spalding & Bros. to develop a ball that could be batted back and forth. And
there, volleyball was born. But it was called “Mintonette” at first because Minton originates from the word
badminton, and volleyball was similar to Badminton. Both have a material to be batted or volley back in
forth.

Morgan showcased his new sport to YMCA directors in 1896. However, Alfred Halstead later renamed it to
VOLLEYBALL because the objective of the game was to volley the ball back and forth over a net. It was
played on a smaller court (25ft x50ft) with 'unlimited number of players hitting the ball on unlimited number
of times.

The rules were published in the July 1896 edition of "Physical Education" and were included in the first
official handbook of the North American YMCA Athletic League in 1897.

Year 1900, a specially designed ball, lighter and smaller was devised which opened to a whole new tactical
range of technical possibilities for the sport.

Nature of the Game

It is important to incorporate these different elements because volleyball has many

characteristics which are unique unto itself. There are numerous versions of competitive volleyball
with varying rules; however, it is important to take note that all these types have some common
characteristics. Some elements are the following:

• Volleyball is a rebound sport. This implies that there is no possession of the ball by the players
with the exception of serving.

• All types of volleyball competition are considered team sport. To provide a good flow of
attacking and defending and to avoid mistakes such as hitting each other; proper communication,
coordination and concentration among the position of each teammate and their surroundings are
considered crucial since the court is a very congested and dense area.

• Each team has limited number of touches on the ball. Usually three touches before it hit over
the opponent’s court. The usual patterns of the touches start off with a dig or an underarm pass,
then a set or an overhead pass, and lastly a spike or an overhead shot.

• The objective of each team is to win a rally. In order to step up against the opposing team and
win all the sets allotted, a team must gain a point over and over again.

• Volleyball roles of offense and defense are reversed. Offense prevents points from being
scored; you merely achieve possession of the ball when your offense is successful. On the other
hand, aggressive offence may lead to unforced errors and loses many points. With defense, we
are attempting to create opportunities in scoring points; conservation defense is simply waiting for
the opponent to commit mistake.
 Republic of the Philippines
CATANDUANES STATE UNIVERSITY
Virac, Catanduanes

College of Education - Physical Education Department

• Ball control is essential. Once the ball is put into play overwhelming number of intermediate
contacts dominates a high factor of keeping the ball alive all throughout the play, unless otherwise
attack kill is done.

• Volleyball presents no time limit. The game is always won by the victorious team regardless of
the duration of the game being played. It is a must to put emphasis on being able to hit the ball and
score a point no matter how long the interval of garnering is.

• In the act of ball possession, players have no exception in serving. The player’s flow of rotation
must be organized to easily distinguish the next player on the service line. A service ace is a great
factor in contributing an easy point and momentum. Players who will receive the ball must position
their bodies correctly before returning the ball.

• Volleyball rules require player rotation. This means volleyball is dominated by the idea that
players must be equally adept in all phases of the game. The coach must use the rules effectively
to train his players to be familiar with all areas of the court, to be equally comfortable in the front
row as well as the back. However, the coach must understand the rotation concept and the
limitations on specialization to avoid violations.

• Volleyball is a player-dominated game more than any other team sport in the world. The
players must be trained to react to situations and make tactical changes independently because
coaches are only allowed to do their work before the teams enter the playing area. Therefore,
coaches have a very restrictive direct influence during the actual play of the game.

• In volleyball, moving skills are somewhat unique. We move in every direction diving, rolling,
running, shuffling, side-stepping, cross-stepping and other movement combinations. The coach
works with his players until these skills are second nature to them.

• Zone of Play. Volleyball has two zones which are outside the mid-zone – the low-zone and the
high-zone. The low-zone is between the knees and the floor. Players are trained to be comfortable
on the floor using such skills as diving, rolling, flying recovery techniques which are standard in
volleyball. The high-zone is the topmost reach of the players (a point 3.50 or more meters above
the floor). Much of the volleyball is played in the high-zone, therefore, volleyball players are trained
to jump more than athletes of any other sport.
 Republic of the Philippines
CATANDUANES STATE UNIVERSITY
Virac, Catanduanes

College of Education - Physical Education Department

Lesson 5.3 Recent Development of Volleyball

The table below shows the recent development of Volleyball.

VOLLEYBALL ON THE RISE

YEAR SIGNIFICANT OCCURRENCE

❖ In 1900 A special ball was designed for the sport.
❖ In 1913 Volleyball became a part of the Far Eastern Game.
❖ In 1916 The Set and Spike were introduced. Filipinos developed the
"bomba" or kill, and called the hitter a "bomberino." Volleyball was
added to school and college physical education and intramural
programs.
❖ In 1917 Scoring system was changed from 21 to 15 points.
❖ In 1919 American Expeditionary Forces distributed 16,000 volleyballs to
their troops and allies: this provided a stimulus for the growth of
volleyball outside the United States.
❖ In 1920 Three hits per side and back row attack rules were instituted.
❖ In 1922 First YMCA national championships were held in Brooklyn, NY.
Twenty-seven teams from 11 states were represented.
❖ In 1928 The United States Volleyball Association (USVBA, now USA
Volleyball) was formed. The first U.S open was staged, as the
field was open to non-YMCA squads.
❖ In 1930 The first two-man beach game was played.
❖ In 1934 The national volleyball referees were approved and recognized.
❖ In 1937 At the AAU convention in Boston, action was taken to recognize
the U.S. Volleyball Association as the official national governing
body in the U.S.
❖ In 1947 The Federation Internationale De Volleyball (FIVB) was founded.
❖ In 1948 The first two-man beach tournament was held.
❖ In 1949 The initial World Championships were held in Prague,
Czechoslovakia. USVBA added a collegiate division, for
competitive college teams
❖ In 1957 The International Olympic Committee (IOC) designated volleyball
as an Olympic team sport, to be included in the 1964 Olympic
Games.
❖ In 1959 The International University Sports Federation (FISU) held the
first University Games in Turin, Italy. Volleyball was one of the
eight competitions held.

❖ In 1964 Volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo.

The Japanese volleyball used in the 1964 Olympics, consisted of
a rubber carcass with leather paneling.
❖ In 1965 The California Beach Volleyball Association (CBVA) was formed.
❖ In 1968 National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) made
volleyball their fifteenth competitive sport.
❖ In 1969 The Executive Committee of the NCAA proposed the addition of
volleyball to its program.

❖ In 1974 The World Championships in Mexico were telecast in Japan.

❖ In 1975 The US National Women's team began a year-round training
regime in Pasadena, Texas, (moved to Colorado Springs in 1979,
Coto de Caza and Fountain Valley, California, in 1980, and San
Diego in 1985).
❖ In 1977 The US National Men's team began a year-round training regime
in Dayton, Ohio, (moved to San Diego in 1981).
❖ In 1983 The Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) was formed.
 Republic of the Philippines
CATANDUANES STATE UNIVERSITY
Virac, Catanduanes

College of Education - Physical Education Department

❖ In 1984 The US won their first medals at the Olympics in Los Angeles.
The Men won the Gold, and the Women the Silver.
❖ In 1986 The Women's Professional Volleyball Association (WPVA) was
formed.
❖ In 1987 The FIVB added a Beach Volleyball World Championship Series.
❖ In 1988 The US men's squad repeated the Gold in the Olympics in South
Korea.
❖ In 1989 The FIVB Sports Aid Program was created.

❖ In 1990 The World League was created.

❖ In 1994 Volleyball World Wide was created.

❖ In 1995 Volleyball celebrated its one hundredth anniversary.

❖ In 1996 Two-person beach volleyball was added to the Olympics.

These developments over the years contributed a lot to the game volleyball.

Volleyball in the Olympics

The history of Olympic volleyball can be traced back to the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, where
volleyball was played as part of an American sports demonstration event. After the foundation of FIVB and
some continental confederations, it was first considered for official inclusion. In 1957, a special tournament
was held at the 53rd IOC session in Sofia, Bulgaria to support such request. The competition was a success,
and the sport was officially included in the program for the 1964 Summer Olympics.

The Olympic volleyball tournament was originally a simple competition, whose format paralleled
the one still employed in the World Cup: all teams played against each other team and then were ranked
by wins, set average, and point average. One disadvantage of this round-robin system is that medal winners
could be determined before the end of the games, making the audience lose interest in the outcome of the
remaining matches. To cope with this situation, the competition was split into two phases with the addition
of a "final round" elimination tournament consisting of quarterfinals, semifinals, and finals matches in 1972.
The number of teams involved in the Olympic tournament has grown steadily since 1964. Since 1996, both
men's and women's events count twelve participant nations. Each of the five continental volleyball
confederations has at least one affiliated national federation involved in the Olympic Games.

The U.S.S.R. won men's gold in both 1964 and 1968. After taking bronze in 1964 and silver in
1968, Japan finally won the gold for men's volleyball in 1972. Women's gold went to Japan in 1964 and
again in 1976. That year, the introduction of a new offensive skill, the backrow attack, allowed Poland to
win the men's competition over the Soviets in a very tight five-set match. Since the strongest teams in men's
volleyball at the time belonged to the Eastern Bloc, the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics
did not have as great an effect on these events as it had on the women. The U.S.S.R. collected their third
Olympic Gold Medal in men's volleyball with a 3-1 victory over Bulgaria (the Soviet women won that year
as well, their third gold as well). With the U.S.S.R. boycotting the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles, the
U.S. was able to sweep Brazil in the finals for the men's gold medal. Italy won its first medal (bronze in the
men's competition) in 1984, foreshadowing a rise in prominence for their volleyball teams.

At the 1988 Games, Karch Kiraly and Steve Timmons led the U.S. men's team to a second straight gold
medal. In 1992, underrated Brazil upset favorites C.I.S., Netherlands, and Italy in the men's competition for
the country's first Olympic gold medal. Runner-up Netherlands, men's silver medalist in 1992, came back
under team leaders Ron Zwerver and Olof van der Meulen in the 1996 Games for a five-set win over Italy.
A men's bronze medalist in 1996, Serbia and Montenegro (playing in 1996 and 2000 as the Federal
Republic of Yugoslavia) beat Russia in the gold medal match in 2000. In 2004, Brazil won its second men's
volleyball gold medal beating Italy in the finals.
 Republic of the Philippines
CATANDUANES STATE UNIVERSITY
Virac, Catanduanes

College of Education - Physical Education Department

Terminologies in Volleyball

Ace: A serve that results directly in a point, usually when the ball hits the floor untouched on the receiving
team’s side of the court.
Assist: Helping a teammate set up for a kill.
Attack: The offensive action of hitting the ball.
Attacker: Also “hitter” and “spiker.” A player who attempts to hit a ball offensively with the purpose of
terminating play.
Attack Block: The defensive team’s attempt to block a spiked ball.
Attack Error: An attack botched in one of 5 ways: ball lands out of bounds; ball goes into net; attacker
commits center line or net violation or attacker illegally contacts ball.
Attack Line: A line 3 meters/10 feet away from, and parallel to, the net. Separates the front-row players
from the back-row players. A back-row player cannot legally attack the ball above the net unless he takes
off from behind this line.
Back row/court: Space from baseline (end line) to attack line. There are 3 players whose court positions
are in this area (positions 1, 6 & 5 on court)
Back Row Attack: When a back-row player takes off from behind the attack line (10-foot/3-meter) line and
attacks the ball. Various terms A-B-C-D-PIPE-BIC.
Back set: Set delivered behind the setter.
Baseline: The back boundary of the court. Also called the end line
Block: One of the 6 basic skills. A defensive play by one or more front-row players meant to intercept a
spiked ball. The combination of one, 2 or 3 players jumping in front of the opposing spiker and contacting
the spiked ball with the hands.
Blocking Error: Touching the net, crossing the centerline, blocking a set or serve or any other “local”
violation that occurs while making a block attempt.
Closing the block: The responsibility of the assisting blocker(s) to angle their body relative to the first
blocker.
Cover: Refers to the hitter having his/her teammates ready to retrieve rebounds from the opposing
blockers.
Cross-court attack: An attack directed diagonally from the point of attack. Also called an angle hit.
Cut shot: A spike from the hitter’s strong side that travels at a sharp angle across the net.
Deep: Refers to sending the ball away from the net, toward the baseline of the opponent’s court.
Defense: One of the 6 basic skills. The key skills used to receive the opponent's attack are digging and
sprawling. The dig resembles a forearm pass from a low ready position and is used more for balls that are
hit near the defender. The sprawl is a result of an attempted dig for a ball hit farther away from the defender.
It resembles a dive.
Dig: Passing a spiked or rapidly hit ball and low to ground. Defensive play. Slang for retrieving an attacked
ball close to the floor. Statistically scored on a 3-point system.
Dink: A one-handed, soft hit into the opponent’s court using the fingertips. Also called a tip.
Double block: Two players working in unison to intercept a ball at the net.
Double hit: Violation. Two successive hits by the same player.
Down Ball: Type of attack. “Down” refers to the blockers who neither jump, nor raise their hands above the
net.
Dump: Usually performed by the setter, who delivers the ball into the opponent’s court on the second
contact.
Five-One (5-1): An offensive system that uses five hitters and one setter.
 Republic of the Philippines
CATANDUANES STATE UNIVERSITY
Virac, Catanduanes

College of Education - Physical Education Department

Floater: A serve with no spin so the ball follows an erratic path.

Follow: To move with and block an attacker. Athletes may change positions with another blocker in the
process.
Forearm Pass: Sometimes referred to as the “pass,” “bump” or “dig”.
Four-Two (4-2): An offensive system using four hitters and two setters.
Free ball: Returning the ball to the opponent without the intent to get a kill. Usually a slow, arcing pass or
“roll” shot rather than a spike.
Front: Position of a blocker so that she/he can block the attacker.
Front-row: Three players whose court position is in front of the attack line (3M/10 Foot), near the net.
These players are in positions 2, 3 & 4 on the court.
Game plan: Offensive and defensive emphasis for an opponent. Usually organized for each rotation by the
coaching staff.
Held ball: A ball that comes to rest during contact resulting in a violation.
Hit: One of the 6 basic skills. To jump and strike the ball with an overhand, forceful shot.
Hitter: Also “spiker” or “attacker.” The player who is responsible for hitting the ball.
Hitting percentage: A statistic derived from total kills minus total attack errors, divided by total attempts.
Joust: When 2 opposing players contact the ball simultaneously above the net causing the ball to
momentarily come to rest; the point is replayed if this is called by the official.
Jump serve: The server uses an approach, toss, take-off and serves the ball with a spiking motion while
in the air. There are two main types: jump float, jump spin.
Key player/play: To discern a team’s best player or probable next play by observation of patterns or habits.
Kill: An attack that results directly in a point or side out.
Libero: A player specialized in defensive skills. This player must wear a contrasting jersey color from his
or her teammates and cannot block or attack the ball when it is entirely above net height. When the ball is
not in play, the libero can replace any back-row player without prior notice to the officials.
Lines: The marks that serve as boundaries of a court. 2 inches (5cm) wide.
Linesman: Officials located at the corners of the court; each linesman is responsible for ruling if the ball is
legally in play along the lines for which he or she is responsible. For indicating touches and play outside of
the antennae on their side of net.
Lineup: Players starting rotation and, therefore, serving order. Numbered 1,2,3,4,5,6.
Line serve: A straight-ahead serve landing near the opponent’s left side line.
Line shot: A ball spiked along an opponent’s side line, closest to the hitter and outside the block.
Load: Body position for the blockers so that they are most effective.
Middle back: A defensive system that uses the middle back player in 6 to cover deep spikes. Also called
“6 back” defense.
Middle blocker: Usually plays in the middle of the net when in the front row and moves laterally to her
blocking assignments.
Middle Up: A defensive system that uses the middle-back player in 6 to cover tips or short shots along the
3 meters/10-foot line. Also called a “6 up” defense
Mintonette: The original name of the game of volleyball, created by William Morgan.
Opposite: Player who plays opposite the setter in the rotation. In some systems, this player is also a setter.
In other systems, this player is called a right-side.
Outside hitter: Usually plays at the ends of the net when in the front row. Also called right-side (opposite)
or left side (power).
 Republic of the Philippines
CATANDUANES STATE UNIVERSITY
Virac, Catanduanes

College of Education - Physical Education Department

Overhand pass: A pass with both hands open that is controlled by the fingers, with the face below the ball.
Both hands simultaneously contact the ball above the head and direct it to the intended target.
Overhand serve: Serving the ball and striking it with the hand above the shoulder. Float or spin.
Overlap: A violation called if a team is lined up out of rotation when the ball is served.
Overpass: A ball passed across the net.
Overset: An errant set that crosses the net without being touched by another offensive player.
Pass: One of the 6 basic skills. Receiving a serve or the first contact of the ball with the intent to control the
ball to another player. Also called a “bump”.
Pancake: One-hand floor defensive technique where the hand is extended and slid along the floor palm
down while the player dives or extension rolls so the ball bounces off the back of the hand and is considered
legal.
Party ball: When the ball is passed across the net in front of attack line so the front-row attacker can
immediately hit the ball on the first contact.
Penetration: The blocker’s ability to reach over the net above the opponent’s court
Perimeter: Backcourt defense where 4 players arrange themselves near the boundaries of the court.
Pipe: A back-row attack from the middle of the court. Position 6.
Play: An attack with a planned fake, usually including 2 or more hitter.
Quick set: An extremely low vertical set used to beat the opponent’s block. Can be set at any position on
the net.
Rally scoring: Scoring method where points can be won by the serving or receiving team.
Ready position: The flexed, yet comfortable, posture a player assumes before moving to the point of
contact.
Red card: Given by the official to a player or coach for flagrant misconduct resulting in a point/side out to
the opponent. Results in automatic ejection and a point/side out for the opponent.
Roof: To block a spike, usually straight down for a point.
Rotation: The clockwise movement of players around the court and through the serving position following
a side out. Players must retain their initial rotational order throughout the entire game, but once the ball is
contacted on serve, they are allowed to move anywhere.
Seam: The mid-point between 2 players.
Serve: One of the 6 basic skills. Used to put the ball into play. It is the only skill controlled exclusively by
one player.
Set: One of the 6 basic skills. The tactical skill in which a ball is directed to a point where a player can spike
it into the opponent’s court. Sets can be set at different heights and different locations on the net and
offensively there are names for each of these. First number is location on net and second number height
of set. (Example: 13.) Sets can also be named.
Set attack: When a setter attempts to score rather than set the ball to a setter. Also called a shoot set.
Setter: The second passer whose job it is to position a pass to the hitter.
Shallow: Near the net.
Shank: Severely misdirected pass.
Side out: Change of service when a serving team has failed to score a point. Occurs when the receiving
team successfully puts the ball away against the serving team, or when the serving team commits an
unforced error.
Six-pack: Being hit in the face with the ball.
Six-two (6-2): An offense with four spikers and two spiker/setters. Setter comes from the back row.
Slide/step: A quick attack behind the setter.
 Republic of the Philippines
CATANDUANES STATE UNIVERSITY
Virac, Catanduanes

College of Education - Physical Education Department

Spike: Also called a hit or attack. A ball contacted with force by a player on the offensive team who intends
to terminate the ball on the opponent’s floor or off the opponent’s blocker.
Split block: A double-block that leaves a space between the blockers.
Stuff: A ball deflected back to the attacking team’s floor by the opponent’s blockers.
Substitution: Allows one player to replace another player already on the court. Rules dictate number of
subs each team is allowed.
Switch: To change court positions after a ball is served to facilitate strongest player positions.
Tandem: A combination in which one player attacks immediately behind another.
Tape: The top of the net.
Telegraph: To show one’s intention to the opponents.
Three-meter line: The line extended across the court to signify the point which a back-row player must
leave the ground behind to attack the ball. Also call “attack line” and 10-foot line.
Tip: A one-handed, soft hit into the opponent’s court using the fingertips. Also called a dink.
Tool: When an attacker hits the ball off an opposing blocker’s arms out of bounds. Also called a wipe.
Touch: A player contacting the ball on the defensive play.
Transition: To switch from offense to defense and vice versa.
Triple-block: Block formed by all 3 front-row players.
Underhand serve: A serve performed with an underhand striking action. The ball is usually contacted with
the heel of the hand.
W serve-receive formation: Three players in the front row, two in the back.
Wipe: To deliberately spike the ball off an opponent’s hands and out of bounds. Also called a tool.
Yellow Card: Given by the official to a player or coach as a warning of misconduct. Two yellow cards result
in an automatic red card.

Facilities and Equipment

THE COURT

The game is played on a volleyball court 18 meters (59 feet) long and 9 meters (29.5 feet) wide,
divided into two 9 m × 9 m halves by a one-meter (40-inch) wide net placed so that the top of the net is 2.43
meters (7 feet 11 5/8 inches) above the center of the court for men's competition, and 2.24 meters (7 feet
4 1/8 inches) for women's competition (these heights ae varied for veterans and junior competitions).
 Republic of the Philippines
CATANDUANES STATE UNIVERSITY
Virac, Catanduanes

College of Education - Physical Education Department

LINES ON THE COURT

All lines are 5 cm wide. Must be of light color which is different from the color of the floor and from
any other lines.

SERVICE LINE

The area from which the server may serve the volleyball, is marked 10 feet inside the right sideline
on each back line.

CENTER LINE

-is marked at the center of the court dividing it equally into 30 feet squares (9m), above which net is placed.

ATTACK LINE

Attack line, whose rear edge is drawn 3ms back from the axiz of the center line, marks the front
zone.

BOUNDARY LINES
 Republic of the Philippines
CATANDUANES STATE UNIVERSITY
Virac, Catanduanes

College of Education - Physical Education Department

Two sidelines and two end lines mark the playing court.

ZONES AND AREAS

FRONT ZONE

-limited by the axis of the center line and the rear edge attack line.

-considered to extend beyond the side lines to the end of the free zone.

SERVICE ZONE

-9m wide area behind each line.

-laterally limited by two short lines.

-extends to the end of free zone.

SUBSTITUTION ZONE

-limited by extension of both attack lines to the scorer's table.

LIBERO REPLACEMENT ZONE

 Republic of the Philippines
CATANDUANES STATE UNIVERSITY
Virac, Catanduanes

College of Education - Physical Education Department

-part of the free zone on the side of the team benches.

-limited by the extension of the attack line up to the end line.

WARM-UP AREA

-for FIVB, World and official Competitions)

-sized approximately 3*3m located in both of the bench-side corners, outside the free zone.
Volleyball Equipment

Solid Ball

Contrary to popular belief, not all volleyballs are the same. The ball is the single most important
piece of equipment in the game. A good ball will alleviate pain caused by hitting it over the net or between
teammates. If a game is being played indoors, a leather ball will work best. It cannot be used outside
because it may become wet and damaged. A cloth ball may be used as well. This will not sting as much on
the arms and lasts a long time without costing a fortune. For outdoor play, a synthetic leather ball is
recommended.

Net

The net shall be made of 10 cm. square dark stitches. A rope is thread through the bottom of the
net and is tied to the poles of the tense net.

Side Bands
 Republic of the Philippines
CATANDUANES STATE UNIVERSITY
Virac, Catanduanes

College of Education - Physical Education Department

Two tapes of white material 5 cm. wide and 1m. long shall be fastened, one on each side of the
end of the net perpendicular to the intersection of the respective side line and to the axis of the center line.
Both side bands shall be considered part of the net and have side limits.

Antennae

Each is fastened on the outer edge of each vertical side band extending 80 cm. above the top of
the net on opposite sides of the net. They are considered part of the net and have side limits.
 Republic of the Philippines
CATANDUANES STATE UNIVERSITY
Virac, Catanduanes

College of Education - Physical Education Department

Height of the Net

The height of the net shall be 2.43 m. for men and 2.24 m. for women. The height of the net shall
be measured from the center of the playing court with a measuring rod. The two ends of the net (over the
side lines) must be the same height from the playing surface and may not exceed the regulation height by
more than 2 cm.

Poles

Two poles, preferably adjustable, round and smooth, with

the height of 2.55 m. support the net, one at each side. They must
be fixed to the playing surface at a distance of between 0.05 and
1.00 m., from the side line. Fixing the poles to the floor by means of
wires must be prohibited.
 Republic of the Philippines
CATANDUANES STATE UNIVERSITY
Virac, Catanduanes

College of Education - Physical Education Department

Knee Pads

Volleyball knee pads prevent injuries. However, a person should choose pads according to age
and experience. For instance, younger athletes should use thicker pads, since these players have less
experience diving for the ball. Older athletes with more knowledge may choose thinner knee pads. They
work well to prevent bruising and burns. All knee pads must fit comfortably around the leg area.

Ankle Braces

The most common injury associated with a volleyball player

is a sprained ankle. To avoid the problem, it is wise to invest
in a good pair of ankle braces. Since braces have proven to
lower injuries by 40 percent, certain volleyball team coaches
mandate them. They provide stability to the area without
compromising activity. Lace-up braces guard the sides, front,
and back of the ankles. They are especially important
when setting the ball, at the time of frequent under-the-net
contact.
 Republic of the Philippines
CATANDUANES STATE UNIVERSITY
Virac, Catanduanes

College of Education - Physical Education Department

Proper Footwear

Men’s and women’s volleyball shoes are essential gear for the game. These shoes contain a gum
rubber sole to provide maximum traction. These shoes are designed to protect the foot during side-to-side
movement. The front padding of the shoes is thick, so the legs do not suffer pain from continuous jumping.
A smart shoe choice will be made of leather and contain a low heel. This provides top support and helps to
prevent sprains as well.

Volleyball Positions (Important Roles and Responsibilities)

Since the creation of volleyball sometime in the late 19 th to early 20th century, the sport has evolved
many times over to become what is today. Volleyball is quickly spread throughout the world and is now an
internationally popular sport. While there are many variations of the sport, the most widely popular amongst
leagues and schools is the 6-person team version.
A typical volleyball team has at least 12 players to facilitate practice, but only six players can be on
the court at any given time. Each of these six volleyball positions has different roles they must play on the
court. When all players fulfill their role, a beautiful sequence of skilled volleyball play unfolds.
A. The Setter
• the player who sets the tone for the attacking side of net.
• often compared with a basketball point guard – the one who “runs the show”.
• requires a detailed knowledge of all the positions as this player must be aware of the rest
of the team at all times and understand their intentions offensively.
• Set up the attacking positions and give them a good opportunity to ground the ball on the
opposing side of the net.
• They can also attack when their rotation is in front of the three-meter line.
• Needs to be versatile in getting around the court quickly and as a hitter or blocker at the
same time.
• Often one of the highest paid on the team due to their involvement in virtually every play
throughout a match.
B. The Outside Hitter
• Expected to attack and be solid passers defensively.
• Prominent role in serve receive and able to accurately pass a received serve to the awaiting
setter.
• Responsible for any back-row attacks behind the three-meter line.
• Often have a large volume of swings and kills compared to other positions.
• Expected to “cover” other hitters in the event a ball is blocked and comes directly back over
the net.
 Republic of the Philippines
CATANDUANES STATE UNIVERSITY
Virac, Catanduanes

College of Education - Physical Education Department

C. The Middle Hitter/Blocker

• One of the tallest players on the court, plays one of the most important volleyball positions
– blocking and spiking.
• Plays the role of the offensive attack as well.
• Spends much of their time moving back and forth along the net combining with hitters to
block.
• Typically plays in the front row rotation and is substituted when entering the back row with
a more agile, defensively minded player like the libero or defensive specialist.
D. The Libero
• Fairly a new position to the sport, is obviously unique as their jersey is a different color than
the rest of the team.
• Allowed to enter the court freely between plays.
• Is not allowed to attack or spike the ball when it is above net height or even at the backline
area of the court.
• Can only be replaced by the player whom he or she replaced. Other players substitute,
liberos replace.
• The libero can replace any back-row player.
• The libero is not allowed to be captain
• The libero is not in the starting line-up. Libero is meant to be a replacement for an original
line-up player, not the other way around. After the line-up has been verified by the referee
at the beginning of the set, the libero may substitute, even before the first point. This is
common practice unless the first player the libero will alternate with is the first server.
• If a team only has 1 libero and they become unable to play, the coach or team captain can
re-designate a new libero.

E. Server
• Is responsible to serve the ball in a way that the receiver will find difficulty in returning the
ball so that it makes it easier for the team to block and play defense.

Basic Volleyball Rules

A. The Serve
• Server must serve from behind the end line until after contact
• Ball may be served underhand or overhand
• Ball must be clearly visible to opponents before serve
• Served ball may graze the net and drop to the other side for point
• First game serve is determined by a toss coin, each subsequent game shall be served
alternately
B. Scoring
• Rally point system will be used in all games.
• Game will be played to 25 points and the team who scores 25 points wins a set.
• Matches are best of five sets. The fifth set is played up to 15 points only.
• Must win by 2 points lead
C. Rotation
• Team will rotate each time they win the serve
• Players shall rotate in a clockwise manner
• There shall be 6 players on each side of the court
D. Playing the Game
• Maximum of three hits per side
• Player may not hit the ball twice in succession (a block is not considered a hit)
• A ball touching a boundary line is good
• A legal hit contact with the ball by a player body above including the waist which does not
allow the ball to visibly come to a rest
 Republic of the Philippines
CATANDUANES STATE UNIVERSITY
Virac, Catanduanes

College of Education - Physical Education Department

• If two or more players contact the ball simultaneously, it is considered one play and the players
involved may not participate in the next play
• A player must not block or attack a serve
• Switching position will be allowed only between front line players. (after the serve only)

E. Basic Rule Violations

• Stepping on or over the line on a serve
• Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully
• Hitting the ball illegally (Carrying, Palming, Throwing, etc.)
• Touches of the net with any part of the body while the ball is in play
• If the ball is driven into the net with such force that it causes the net to contact an opposing
player, no foul will be called, and the ball shall continue to be in play
• Reaching over the net, except a) when executing a follow-through, b) when blocking ball which
is in the opponent’s court but is being returned
• Reaches under the net
• Failure to serve in the correct order
• Blocks or spikes from the attack area while in a back-row position

Volleyball Violations

• A penalty, violation, or fault is called on a player who breaks the rules of volleyball defined in a
rulebook for the league. Each result in a side out, which is one point for the opponent in rally
scoring and possession of the ball.

Service Error

There are a few things that can go wrong during a serve. A referee will call a service error if:

• the ball lands out-of-bounds

• the ball goes into the net and does not make it over
• the serving team serves out of order
• the ball hits a player on the serving team before reach the other team’s side
• If any of these penalties occur, a serving error will be given to the player who commits the violation.
The team who committed the penalty will lose the serve and the other team will gain a point if using
rally scoring.

Foot Faults

If the server steps on or over the service line while serving the ball, the line ref will call a foot fault. On a
jump serve, the server is allowed to land on or over the service line, but must start the jump before the line.
Once the ball is served, the server can then cross the service line and act as a regular player.

Attack Hit Fault

There are a few different attack violations that will result in a loss of point and service. The first and most
obvious penalty is hitting the ball out of bounds. If the ball lands fully out of bounds without being touched
by the opponent, a penalty is called. Also, players who are in the back row are not allowed to attack a ball
that is above the net in front of the attack line.

Four Hits Violation

In volleyball, each team is only allowed to touch the ball three times before sending it over the net. If a team
touches the ball a fourth time, the play will be immediately blown dead. Blocks do not count as touches, so
a team can still hit the ball three times after deflecting off a block.

Carrying/Lifting

Carrying, also referred to as lifting, is called when a player makes prolonged contact with the ball rather
than having it bounce off of them. This commonly occurs with setters when they throw the ball rather than
push it. It also is automatically called when a player attempts to underhand pass the ball with an open palm.
 Republic of the Philippines
CATANDUANES STATE UNIVERSITY
Virac, Catanduanes

College of Education - Physical Education Department

Double Hit

A double hit violation occurs when the same player hits the ball twice in a row. This most commonly occurs
when one of the setter’s hands makes contact with the ball before the other, causing side spin on the ball.
If a player blocks the ball, they are allowed to make the next touch as blocks do not count as touches.

Reaching Violations

Reaching violations can happen both during blocking and hitting. Blocking players are not allowed to reach
across the plane of the net to touch the ball if the opposite team has not touched the ball three times yet,
and there is a player present who can get to the ball. Similarly, if there is an overpass, hitters cannot reach
across the net to hit the ball if the ball has not yet crossed to their side of the net. Instead, they must wait
for the ball to come to their side of the court before trying to hit it back over. If blocking an opponent’s third
hit, a player is allowed to reach over the net once the opposing player touches the ball.

Center Line Violation

There is a centerline underneath the net that divides the two halves of the court. Players cannot have any
part of their body cross this line, as if they do it will result in their team losing a point and they could also
possibly cause an injury to the other team. In the case of a hand or foot, the entire hand or foot must cross
the line for this violation to be called. This rule exists to ensure that players do not go under the net and get
in the way of a player who is landing from a hit or a block.

One exception to this rule is if a player is running to save a ball. If the ball is overpassed and is going out
of bounds, a player can go under the net as long as they stay out of the court bounds. They can return the
ball to their side, outside of the antenna, for a third player to send the ball safely to the opponent’s side.

Rotation Penalties

Before the beginning of a set, both team’s coaches must show the referees their rotations. The players on
the court must stay in the order listed on that rotation throughout the whole set. If the players end up in
different positions and serve out of order, a rotation violation is called and that team will lose the point and
the serve.

There is a referee on the sideline who keeps track of substitutions and rotations to make sure that players
do not get out of order. This rule ensures that each player on the court serves, rather than one player
serving more often. It also ensures that teams cannot change their lineups in the middle of a game to
change matchups of players at the net. However, players can be substituted in and out, but the player being
substituted in must fulfill that player’s spot in the rotation.

Volleyball Misconduct Penalty

As is the case with most sports, volleyball has penalties for indecent behavior. Any unnecessary actions,
such as offensive language or aggressive behavior, can result in penalties such as ejection from the game.
Usually, players will be shown a yellow card as a warning, with any repeated offenses resulting in
disqualification.

Assisted Hit Violation

Assisted hits occur when a player performs an attack with the assistance of an object or a teammate.
Players are forbidden from using anything such as the pole or a teammate from helping them to elevate
and hit the ball. If this occurs, a penalty is called and the point is ended.

Game Delay

If a team causes any unnecessary interruptions or delays, they will be given a delay warning the first time
and then a delay penalty the second time by the referee. Certain delays can include throwing the ball after
a point, taking too long to complete substitutions, and anything else that can hinder the flow of the game.
Repeated violations from the same player or coach may result in a yellow card or even a disqualification.

Net Violation

Players are not allowed to touch the net during a rally. Breaking this rule results in a net violation penalty.
The most common occurrence of this is during a block when reaching over or a spike when following
through. Touching the net while landing from a jump or spike is also illegal, so it is important to keep distance
from the net when performing one of these actions. However, if a player hits the ball into the net causing
the net to touch an opponent, a net violation will likely not be called.
 Republic of the Philippines
CATANDUANES STATE UNIVERSITY
Virac, Catanduanes

College of Education - Physical Education Department

Illegal Substitution

In most leagues, players can only exit and re-enter the game once per set and must return to their original
position. If teams go over the allowed number of substitutions or attempt to change a returning player’s
position, they will be charged with illegal substitution. This counts as a game delay and the players will be
returned to their current positions.

Back Row Attacking/Blocking

In the rotation, there are front row players and back row players. These back-row players are positioned
behind the ten-foot line on the court. When their team attacks a ball that is above the plane of the net, these
backrow players must attack from behind the ten-foot line. Similar to a serving foot fault, if the player hits
the ball with their foot on or over the ten-foot line, a back-row attack will be called and that player’s team
will lose the point. Back row players are also not allowed to jump and block at the net. This mostly applies
to back row setters who play in the front row. They can set from the front row, but cannot block or hit a ball
with their hands or arms above the net.

Libero Violations

Liberos are a unique position in volleyball, but have their own set of rules and violations. Libero substitutions
do not count as a regular substitution, but they can only play in the back row. Because of this, they must
adhere to all of the back row attacking and blocking rules mentioned above. One rule that liberos must
follow that regular back row players do not have to is in regard to setting. Liberos are not allowed to
overhand set the ball while standing in front of the ten-foot line. If this occurs, the player who is being set is
not allowed to attack the ball above the net, otherwise a penalty will be called. Liberos are allowed to
overhand set from behind the ten-foot line or bump-set from anywhere on the court.

Other Responsibilities
A. Punctuality – players are expected to arrive 20 minutes prior to the start of a sessions to
ensure Court Managers have enough time to create balanced teams.
B. Know the Rules – members should be familiar with the rules (indoor, Outdoor). We all have
to learn sometime, therefore we ask that you be thoughtful teachers and gracious students.
C. Playing Fair & Reffing – play hard, but play fair to preserve the integrity game. You must fulfill
your duty to ref. if your team is off, you can assist by being a ref or line judge. Remember that
the refs are not professionals, but players doing their best.
D. Respect - we are great group of athletic competitive, volleyball – loving people with a wide
range of skill levels and experience. Please be respectful of everyone in our community,
including other players, staff and spectators.

Fundamental Skills in Volleyball

1. Passing
A. Forearm Underhand
Accurate and consistent passing can result in an aggressive multiple attack. Be sure that players
are in the ready position preparing to execute the proper technique before the serve and during a rally. The
athlete must face and focus on the oncoming ball. Ensure that the athlete’s arms and hands are in the
correct position with wrists together. The legs are a little further than shoulder width apart with feet parallel.
The ball is contacted on the forearms. Upon contact, the athlete maintains a stationary straight arm position
so that the ball rebounds off the lower part of the forearms and is directed to the target. The knees are
extended to raise the arms forward upon contact. Straightening the legs completes the pass; the arms are
behind the ball, and weight is transferred in the direction of the pass.
Keywords:
• Wrists together (interlock fingers; hands together)
• Feet parallel
• Arms straight
• Carry the ball
• Arms slightly away from chest
• Extend knees forward
• Arms pointed downward about 45˚
• Follow through to target
Source: www.strenghtandpower-for-volleyball.com
 Republic of the Philippines
CATANDUANES STATE UNIVERSITY
Virac, Catanduanes

College of Education - Physical Education Department

B. Overhand, Overhead or Setting

Overhead passing or setting is the next important part of the pass-set-spike sequence for a
successful attack. In fact, an excellent set from a bad pass can still result in a “kill”. The athlete forms a
triangle with the fingers and thumbs of both hands around the ball above the forehead (thumbs do not
touch). Index fingers and thumbs form the triangle around 3 panels (18-panel ball). The elbows point slightly
forward. Feet are approximately shoulder-width apart with right foot slightly forward. Knees are slightly bent,
and body is leaning slightly forward. Eyes are focused on the ball. The athlete receives the ball with hands
on the outside of the ball. The athlete extends the knees and straightens the arms to follow-through in the
desired direction.
Keywords:
• Wrists straight (not laid back)
• Forefingers & thumbs around three panels
• Elbows slightly down and forward (not out)
• Hands around the ball
• Follow through (straighten arms) and hold
• Thumbs to cheekbones position

2. Volleying
Many beginners think a volley and a set are the same thing, but they are actually two different
terms. A volley is a more generic term that means contacting the ball as an overhead pass with
your hands (mostly your fingers). A set is actually a type of volley.

Source: www.betteratvolleyball.com
A volley can be used on your own side of the court, or it can be used as an offensive way of
getting the ball back over the net. A set, on the other hand, is generally a pass between players
on the same team. Setting the other team happens occasionally as an error, but really, you
want to try to avoid setting up the other team to hit the ball back at you!

3. Setting
A set is a specialized type of volley. It is
usually the second hit, and it’s intended to set up
one of your teammates to attack the ball. So, it’s
basically volleying the ball in a way that means
the attacker can hit the ball over the net.
The difference between a set and a regular volley
is that you are aiming your set in a very specific
Source:www.volley-basics.weebly.com way. The speed of your set is also important.
There are some trickier sets that are a lot faster
and require good communication between the
setter and the hitter, but when executed well, they
often get through the block.
A good set is actually about a foot away from the net. This gives the hitter enough room to
follow through with their whole arm swing, and gives them enough room to land without
touching the net.
The setter is a specialized position, which means there`s one player whose job is to try to set
every ball. Being able to volley is necessary, but knowing the other factors like where to aim
the set, and set speed and height will help to get a better set.
 Republic of the Philippines
CATANDUANES STATE UNIVERSITY
Virac, Catanduanes

College of Education - Physical Education Department

4. Serving- is the first weapon that can generate an immediate point, begin a game, or ignite an offense.
A well-placed serve (whether to a weak passer, at the setter, at the quick attacker, or to a weak
formation) that is also difficult to pass puts the opponent at a disadvantage. Focus on correct technique
and strive for success. In addition, always serve to score points, NOT just to get the ball into the
opponent’s court.
Keywords (Floater):
•) 90º- 90º (tossing and hitting arm
• Contact through the center of ball
• Follow through (6 o’clock to 12)
• Toss (in front)-step-hit
• Open hand facing net
• Lift ball
Keywords (Topspin):
• 1/2 turn
• Toss two-hand underhand
• Toss above head Source:www.ussportscamp.com
• Toss-step-hit
• Contact below center of ball
• Snap wrist as extending arm

5. Blocking
A well-timed and effective block diffuses an offensive attack. The athlete is near the net, moves
into position with hands up quickly. Athlete focuses on the ball and jumps vertically so that
maximum height is achieved when the ball is above net and contacted. Arms are raised and
extended above the head; hands are close together with fingers open; wrists are in line with
arms (wrist parallel), and hands are slightly forward. A firm and straight-arm position is
maintained so that the ball rebounds off hands and is not struck. If possible, athlete reaches
up and over the net with arms and hands pointed in a downward position for a rebound. The
athlete lands facing the net while keeping the upper body in control and knees bent to absorb
the shock. Depending upon whether right side or left is blocking will determine which hand
should be turned inside.
Keywords:
• Hands at shoulders
• Jump & extend
• Elbows forward
• Hands forward
• Wrists parallel
• Straighten arms

Source:www.ussportscamps.com
 Republic of the Philippines
CATANDUANES STATE UNIVERSITY
Virac, Catanduanes

College of Education - Physical Education Department

6. Attacking
There are several attack options that can be effectively performed in a game. An attacker
should be able to hit the following: shots off the block (using the hands), high sets, low sets,
and sets off the net, off speed shots, tipping, and a variation of play sets including back court
hitting options. Providing a great deal of practice and repetition of each will depend on the age
and ability of the athletes. Ensure the fundamental technique of hitting is effective and efficient
so that it can be performed at a high-level during competition.

Source: www.strenght-and-power-for-volleyball.com
With regard to spiking, the athlete must first be able to demonstrate the spiking motion
when on the floor (with modified and full arm swing). Second phase is arm swing, which is
started with both arms at side of body. Arms are taken straight back and then thrust forward
and immediately up. Third phase includes athlete jumping and spiking. As the athlete begins
to jump, her spiking arm is raised with elbow shoulder high. At the top of jump, the elbow leads
as the arm is extended and wrist snaps so that the heel of the athlete’s hand contacts the ball
and follows through. The athlete must land softly and be in control of the landing. This is a high
jump, not a long jump. Fourth phase the athlete uses only the step-close (right-left for right
handers and left-right for left handers) or step 2 and 3 of the modified spiking approaches. Fifth
phase includes athlete using a full approach, take-off then completing the spiking motion and
landing. Right hander (start right foot in front) should take left-right-left or one step and step-
close approach. Left hander (start left foot in front) should take right-left-right or one step and
step-close.
Keywords:
• Quarter turn
• Snap wrist
• Elbows up
• Hit shots
• Point to ball (non-hitting arm)
• Step, step-close (1, 2, 3 or left-right-left or
• Lead with elbow right-left-right)
• Extend and reach
 Republic of the Philippines
CATANDUANES STATE UNIVERSITY
Virac, Catanduanes

College of Education - Physical Education Department

7. Digging

Source: www.volleyballadvisors.com

Diving is basically crashing to the floor in an all-out attempt to keep the ball from touching
the floor. When diving for the volleyball, remember that you want to contact the ball before you hit
the floor. The diving technique is basically a way to
land that minimizes the amount of impact on your body.
To break it down in slow motion, you basically forearm pass the ball, then commit to hitting
the floor by bringing the side of your knee down to the floor, followed by the side of your hip, then
your chest. You want to avoid all parts of your body hitting the floor simultaneously, as this causes
the most amount of impact or pain.
Also remember to keep your eyes looking up and forward as much as possible, as this will
help keep your head from contacting the floor.