RAIN STORM DISCHARGE CALCULATION

Calculate the Capacity Of Drains At Point Of Interest :

Design Rainfall :
Design 10 Year ARI = 180 Years
Location = Kuching

ARI Coefficient of IDF Polynomial Equations

(year) a b c
2 5.1719 0.1558 -0.1093
5 4.8825 0.3871 -0.1455
10 5.1635 0.2268 -0.1039
20 5.2479 0.2107 -0.0968
50 5.2780 0.2240 -0.0932

Calculation For Open Drain Design

Run Off Coefficient, C (Pre-Dev.) = 0.35 (Table 2.5)
Run Off Coefficient, C (Post-Dev.) = 0.7 (Table 2.5)

Catchment area A = 35006 m2

(Refer on Attachement) 3.50 ha

Previous Area = 20%

Imprevious Area = 80%

Overland Flow time:

Overland sheet flow path length = 100 m Maninng's, n =
Slope of overland surface = 0.5 %
Overland flow time, to = 12.05 min (Design Chart 14.1)

Flow time in Channel = 450 m Maninng's, n =

The estimated average velocity = 0.43 m/s
Overland flow time, tc = 17.44 min

where
to = Overland sheet flow travel time (minutes)
L = Overland sheet flow path length (m)
N = Manning’s roughness value for the surface (refer Table 14.2 (MSMA, 2000)
S = Slope of overland surface (%)

Time of concentration, tc = 29.49 minutes

 to + tc = 30 minutes

Discharge flow rate, Qp = C.I.A / 360

To determine the capacity for the drains by using Manning's Equation,

RH 2/3 S1/2
V = n
Q = VA
n manning’s , n = 0.013
=
A Water Area (b x d)
=
RH Hydraulic Radius (A/P)
=
P = Wetted perimeter (b + 2d for rectangle)
d Normal depth (m)
=
b = Channel width (m)
S = Channel Slope
Point of Water
b (m) d (m) Slope,S
Entry Area, A
A 1.5 1.5 500 2.25

The Proposed Drainage Outlet is capable to cater the discharge of the catchment area.

On-Site Detention Design :

Development Imprevious Area Previous Area
Status C A(m2) C A(m2)
Pre - Developement 0 0 0.6 35006
Post - Development 0.7 28004.8 0.45 7001.2

= 7396.42

= 4779138.14
 = 715.32

(Using equation 19.2b)

(Using equation 19.2c)

Imprevious Area Previous Area

td I (mm/hr)
C A(m2) C A(m2)
5 173.00 0.7 28004.8 0.71 7001.2
10 154.00 0.7 28004.8 0.67 7001.2
15 133.00 0.7 28004.8 0.63 7001.2
20 120.00 0.7 28004.8 0.59 7001.2
30 110.00 0.7 28004.8 0.55 7001.2
35 99.50 0.7 28004.8 0.51 7001.2
40 92.00 0.7 28004.8 0.47 7001.2
45 85.00 0.7 28004.8 0.43 7001.2
50 80.00 0.7 28004.8 0.39 7001.2
60 75.00 0.7 28004.8 0.35 7001.2

td PSD (I/s) Qd (l/s) c d

5 715.32 1180.93 451.89 92.72
10 715.32 1039.25 428.16 105.37
15 715.32 887.19 394.27 123.42
20 715.32 791.14 366.15 138.41
30 715.32 716.65 339.15 152.80
35 715.32 640.50 305.06 170.96
40 715.32 585.07 274.66 187.16
45 715.32 533.94 241.02 205.08
50 715.32 496.31 211.84 220.63
60 715.32 459.45 178.62 238.33
td = selected storm duration (min)
Qd = the peak post-development flow from the site for a storm duration equal to td (l/s)

From the table, the maximum SSR of 404.47 m3 occurs at the durations of 30 mins

Determination of Storm Storage :

Site Storage requirement, SSR = 404.47 m3
Proposed 3.5m width Blockstone Earthdrain with 1:500 Slope as Storage

Length of BlockStone Earth drain = 100 m

 Width of Blockstone Earth drain = 3.5 m
Average Depth of Blockstone Earth drain = 1.4 m (with 100mm freeboard)
m (length) x m (width) m (depth)
Storage = 100 3.5 x 1.4
= 490 m3

Thus,Total storage provided = 490 m3 > 404 m3

Note: The Existing Earth drain at the Jalan Stakan Melayu will be cleared to allow smooth flow for upper catc

Outlet Sizing :

Detention Pond Outlet Flow Control Design

Primary Outlet Sizing
The primary outlet orifice is size to discharge the PSD Assuming free outlet condition when the storage is full

Using a 1500mm wide DCP and orifice as the flow regulator, the discharge through the orifice is :
Q=
Where,
Q  = the orifice flow rate (m3/s)
Cd = orifice discharge coefficient ( use 0.60mm for Do < 50mm, 0.62 for Do ≥ 50mm)
Ao = area of orifice (m2)
Ho = effective head on the orifice measured from the centroid of the opening (m)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s 2)

Ao = PSD (Using equation 19.3) Ho =

Cd√ 2g Ho
= 0.26

Do = 4Ao
π
= 0.58 m
= 600 mm

Thus, Proposed primary outlet = 600 mm diameter.

Secondary Outlet Sizing

Estimated major system ARI Flow from the site for time 30 years return = 180mm/h
 Imprevious Area Previous Area
CA
C A(m2) C A(m2)
0.7 28004.8 0.58 7001.2 23664.056

Provided 900mm UPVC PIPE outlet as secondary outlet , the pipe capacity , 1750 l/s which is more th

Asumming head over weir is limited to 300mm and Cbcw = 1.48 (refer table 2.7, MSMA 2012)
1.5

Q = Cbcw BH

Where,
Q = emergency spillway discharge, m3/s
Cbcw = Spillway discharge coefficient
B = Spillway base width (m)
H = effective head on the spillway crest weir (m)

Asumming the discharge, Q for over flow in major rainfall system is equal to
Q
B= = 1.44 m
Cbcw H 1.5

Therefore, The secondary outlet weir is 300 (high) x 1500 (base width).

The post development discharge:

Q=
= 0.72 m3/s
= 715.32 l/s

Qpre = 1050.18 l/s

Qpost = 715.32 l/s OK!
 Lot 2540, Block 24, MTLD

mial Equations
d
0.0043
0.0069
0.0039
0.0036
0.0031

ARI
Coefficient of IDF Polynomial Equations

(year) a b c
2 5.1719 0.1558 -0.1093
5 4.8825 0.3871 -0.1455
10 5.1635 0.2268 -0.1039
20 5.2479 0.2107 -0.0968
50 5.278 0.224 -0.0932

0.020 (Table 14.2)

n Chart 14.1)

0.011 (Table 14.2)

d for rectangle)

Wetted V Discharge
RH = A/P
peri, P (m/s) Qc, (m3/sec)
4.5 0.50 4.87 10.97

chment area. Qc>Qpost OK!

Lot 2540, Block 24, MTLD

CA I (mm/hr) Q (l/s)

21003.6 180 1050.18 Qa

22753.9 180 1137.70 Qp
Table 1.19 IDF for Kuching, Sarawak

(Using equation 19.1c)

(Using equation 19.1d)

 I/s (Using equation 19.1)

Table 2.1: Table 14.2 (MSMA, 2000) Values of Manning

(Using equation 19.2)

CA Qd (l/s)

24574.212 1180.93
24294.164 1039.25
24014.116 887.19
23734.068 791.14
23454.02 716.65
23173.972 640.50
22893.924 585.07
22613.876 533.94
22333.828 496.31
22053.78 459.45

SSR (m3)
Design Chart 14.1 (MSMA,2000) Nomograph for Estimating
190.89
303.43
332.54
343.90
404.47
345.42
295.81
237.16
191.52
153.01

qual to td (l/s)

3500 mm
ow smooth flow for upper catchment

Lot 2540, Block 24, MTLD

on when the storage is full

the orifice is :

1.00 m

Ho

D
o
 I (mm/hr) Q (l/s)
180.00 1183.20

city , 1750 l/s which is more than 1183.20 l/s

ble 2.7, MSMA 2012)

0.35 m/s

H= 0.3 m
Cbcw = 1.48
olynomial Equations I15 5.01 96.79
I20 4.90 94.71
d I30 4.72 91.18
0.0043 I35 4.64 89.65
0.0069 I40 4.57 88.26
0.0039 I45 4.50 86.96
0.0036 I50 4.44 85.75
0.0031 I60 4.32 83.55
2000) Values of Manning’s ‘n’ for Overland Flow

Nomograph for Estimating Overland Sheet Flow Times

Table 1.19 IDF for Kuching, Sarawak
Table 2.1: Table 14.2 (MSMA, 2000) Values of Manning’s ‘n’ for Overland Flow

Design Chart 14.1 (MSMA,2000) Nomograph for Estimating Overland Sheet Flow Times
 L40 & 1510, Blk 2, Samarahan LD
RAIN STORM DISCHARGE CALCULATION
Calculate the Capacity Of Drains At Point Of Interest :
Design Rainfall :
Design 10 Year ARI = 175 Years
Location = Kuching

Calculation For Open Drain Design

Run Off Coefficient, C (Pre-Dev.) = 0.45 (Table 2.5)
Run Off Coefficient, C (Post-Dev.) = 0.80 (Table 2.5)

Catchment area A = 7729.5 m2

(Refer on Attachement) 0.77 ha

Pervious Area = 20%

Impervious Area = 80%

Overland Flow time:

Overland sheet flow path length = 150 m Maninng's, n = 0.020 (Table 14.2)
Slope of overland surface = 1 %
Overland flow time, to = 9.62 min (Design Chart 14.1)

Flow time in Channel = 350 m Maninng's, n = 0.011 (Table 14.2)

The estimated average velocity = 0.6 m/s
Overland flow time, td = 9.72 min

where
to = Overland sheet flow travel time (minutes)
L = Overland sheet flow path length (m)
N = Manning’s roughness value for the surface (refer Table 14.2 (MSMA, 2000)
S = Slope of overland surface (%)

Time of concentration, tc = 19.34 minutes

to + td = 20 minutes

Discharge flow rate, Qp = C.I.A / 360 = 0.30

To determine the capacity for the drains by using Manning's Equation,

RH 2/3 S1/2
V = n
Q = VA
n manning’s , n = 0.013
A = Water Area (b x d)
=
RH Hydraulic Radius (A/P)
=
P Wetted perimeter (b + 2d for rectangle)
=
d Normal depth (m)
=
b Channel width (m)
=
S Channel Slope
=
Point of Water Wetted V Discharge
b (m) d (m) Slope,S RH = A/P
Entry Area, A peri, P (m/s) Qc, (m3/sec)
A 0.75 0.9 500 0.675 2.55 0.26 0.96 0.65

The Proposed Drainage Outlet is capable to cater the discharge of the catchment area. Qc > Qpost OK!
 L40 & 1510, Blk 2, Samarahan LD

On-Site Detention "A" Design :

Development Impervious Area Pervious Area
CA I (mm/hr) Q (l/s)
Status C A(m2) C A(m2)
Pre - Developement 0 0 0.45 7729.5 3478.275 175 169.08
Post - Development 0.8 6183.6 0.45 1545.9 5642.535 175 274.29

= 1312.22 (Using equation 19.1c)

= 185510.83 (Using equation 19.1d)

= 161.17 I/s (Using equation 19.1)

(Using equation 19.2b) (Using equation 19.2)

(Using equation 19.2c)

Impervious Area Pervious Area

td I (mm/hr) CA Qd (l/s)
C A(m2) C A(m2)
5 173.00 0.8 6183.6 0.71 1545.9 6044.469 290.47
10 154.00 0.8 6183.6 0.68 1545.9 5998.092 256.59
15 133.00 0.8 6183.6 0.63 1545.9 5920.797 218.74
20 120.00 0.8 6183.6 0.59 1545.9 5858.961 195.30
30 110.00 0.8 6183.6 0.55 1545.9 5797.125 177.13
35 99.50 0.8 6183.6 0.51 1545.9 5735.289 158.52
40 92.00 0.8 6183.6 0.47 1545.9 5673.453 144.99
45 85.00 0.8 6183.6 0.43 1545.9 5611.617 132.50
50 80.00 0.8 6183.6 0.39 1545.9 5549.781 123.33
60 75.00 0.8 6183.6 0.35 1545.9 5487.945 114.33

td PSD (I/s) Qd (l/s) c d SSR (m3)

5 161.17 290.47 105.11 19.14 49.87
10 161.17 256.59 100.36 21.66 80.73
15 161.17 218.74 93.33 25.41 90.00
20 161.17 195.30 87.60 28.46 95.08
30 161.17 177.13 82.13 31.38 114.53
35 161.17 158.52 75.21 35.07 101.31
40 161.17 144.99 69.07 38.34 90.19
45 161.17 132.50 62.29 41.95 76.30
50 161.17 123.33 56.43 45.07 65.47
60 161.17 114.33 49.78 48.62 57.37
td = selected storm duration (min)
Qd = the peak post-development flow from the site for a storm duration equal to td (l/s)

From the table, the maximum SSR of 114.53 m3 occurs at the durations of 30 mins

Determination of Storm Storage :

Site Storage requirement, SSR = 114.53 m3

Length of Detention Box drain = 32.5 m

Width of Detention Box drain = 3 m
Average Depth of Detention Box drain = 1.2 m (with 100mm freeboard)

Storage = 32.5 m (length) x 3 m (width) x 1.2 m (depth)

 m (length) x m (width) x m (depth)
= 117 m3

Thus,Total storage provided = 117 m3 > 115 m3

L40 & 1510, Blk 2, Samarahan LD

Outlet Sizing :
Detention Drain Outlet Flow Control Design
Primary Outlet Sizing
The primary outlet orifice is size to discharge the PSD Assuming free outlet condition when the storage is full

Using a 1500mm wide DCP and orifice as the flow regulator, the discharge through the orifice is :
Q=
Where,
Q  = the orifice flow rate (m3/s)
Cd = orifice discharge coefficient ( use 0.60mm for Do < 50mm, 0.62 for Do ≥ 50mm)
Ao = area of orifice (m2)
Ho = effective head on the orifice measured from the centroid of the opening (m)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s2)

PSD
Ao = (Using equation 19.3) Ho = 2.00 m
Cd√ 2g Ho
= 0.04

4Ao
Do =
π
Ho
= 0.23 m
= 400 mm
D
Thus, Proposed primary outlet = 400 mm diameter. OR o
2 nos 200 mm diameter.
Secondary Outlet Sizing
Estimated major system ARI Flow from the site for time 30 years return = 180mm/h
Impervious Area Pervious Area
CA I (mm/hr) Q (l/s)
C A(m2) C A(m2)
0.7 6183.6 0.35 1545.9 4869.585 180.00 243.48

Asumming head over weir is limited to 450mm and Cbcw = 1.48 (refer table 2.7, MSMA 2012)
Q = Cbcw BH 1.5

Where,
Q = emergency spillway discharge, m3/s
Cbcw = Spillway discharge coefficient
B = Spillway base width (m)
H = effective head on the spillway crest weir (m)

B= Q = 0.40 m
Cbcw H 1.5

Therefore, The secondary outlet weir is 550mm (high) x 1500mm (width). Spillway Opening

The post development discharge:

Q=
= 0.16 m3/s
= 161.17 l/s
 Qpre = 169.08 l/s
Qpost = 161.17 l/s OK!
2, Samarahan LD
2, Samarahan LD

Qa
Qp
2, Samarahan LD

way Opening