Lesson 4

What is Electronic Spreadsheet?

Electronic Spreadsheet
Engr. Cristopher E. Tupaz, CIE
It is an interactive computer application for organization, analysis
and storage of data in tabular form.

It is a computer application that displays and organizes data. Each

data is stored in a cell of a worksheet and can be manipulated using
formulas to calculate or change the data in other cells.

*The spreadsheet originated as an electronic equivalent

(computerized simulations) of a paper accounting worksheet.

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What is Microsoft Excel? Excel Formatting Data

Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program that is used to
record and analyze numerical data.

• Think of a spreadsheet as a collection of columns and rows that

form a table. Alphabetical letters are usually assigned to
columns and numbers are usually assigned to rows.
• The point where a column and a row meet is called a cell.
• The cell address is given by the letter representing the column
and the number representing a row.

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Lesson 4

The Excel Ribbon The Excel Ribbon

Ribbon Start button Ribbon Tabs Ribbon Components

• Ribbon Start button - it is used to access commands i.e. creating new

documents, saving existing work, printing, accessing the options for
customizing Excel, etc.
• Ribbon Tabs – shows the different tools that can be used in the application.
e.g. The HOME tab is used for basic commands such as formatting the
data to make it more presentable, sorting and finding specific data
within the spreadsheet.
• Ribbon bar – shows the functions of similar commands grouped together.
e.g., the Alignment ribbon bar is used to group all the commands
worksheet
Active Cell that are used to align data together.

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Understanding the Worksheet Important Excel shortcuts…

A worksheet is a collection of rows and columns.
When a row and a column meet, they form a cell. Cells are used to record
data. Each cell is uniquely identified using a cell address. Columns are usually
labelled with letters while rows are usually numbers.

A workbook is a collection of worksheets.

By default, a workbook has three cells in Excel. You can delete or add more
sheets to suit your requirements. By default, the sheets are named Sheet1, Sheet2
and so on and so forth. You can rename the sheet names to more meaningful
names i.e. Daily Expenses, Monthly Budget, etc.

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Lesson 4

Arithmetic Operators Types of Information in Excel

Symbols that direct Excel to perform mathematical calculations These are:
(1) LABELS (2) VALUES (3) FORMULAS
Arithmetic Definition Example of usage Meaning
▪ Text entries ✓ Numbers • Begin with = sign
Operator
▪ Identify values in ✓ To be used in • Used to perform
+ Addition =B3+C3 Add the value in B3 and the value in C3
columns and rows calculations calculations
- Subtract =F12-22 Subtract 22 from the contents of cell F12 ▪ Left-aligned ✓ Right-aligned • Type the cell address that
▪ Note: Type an ✓ #### means the size contain the values you
* Multiplication =A3*B3 Multiply the value in cell A3 by the value
in cell B3 apostrophe (‘) before a cell larger want to calculate
number to treat the ✓ #### appears if Examples of formulas:
/ Division =C3/C6 Divide the contents of cell C3 by the
contents of cell C6 number like a label. the number is too =A5+A6+A7+A8
^ Exponentiation =C12^6 Raise the value in cell C12 to the sixth Examples: ‘2007 larger for the size The values in cells A5,
power ‘402-6900 of the cell A6, A7 and A8 are
added together

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Cell References and Cell Range Cell References

Cell Range - two or more cells
- A group of adjacent cells (*cell ranges can be named) ➢ Relative – adjusts to its new location when copied
e.g. (B3:C12) - includes all of the cells from B3 through C12 ➢ Absolute – Do not change when moved or copied to a new cell
$ - Symbol used to make an absolute cell reference
Cell Reference - is the column letter and the row number (ex. B2) *pressing F4 key will automatically put in a $ in your formula
• Always use cell references in formulas.
➢ Mixed – contains both relative and absolute references
• Why?? >> By using cell references in the formula, you can use the
powerful recalculation feature in Excel
• If you change the contents of a cell that is included in a formula, the
worksheet will automatically recalculate it

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Lesson 4

Functions Common Functions

 Built in formulas
 SUM
 Formulas and Functions begin with “=“ ◦ Calculates the sum of a range of cells
 Use the Formulas Menu, fx on the formulas bar, or AUTOSUM  MAX
arrow ◦ Displays the largest value in a range of cells
 MIN
 Example of a function: ◦ Displays the smallest value in a range of cells
◦ =AVERAGE(B13:D13)  COUNT
◦ Use a range of cells (B13:D13) ◦ Calculates the number of values in a range of cells
◦ Colon means Excel will average cells B13 through D13
 AVERAGE
◦ Calculates the average of values in a range of cells

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Common problems Excel and statistics: The basics

Some of the most common mistakes when
building formulas include: Using Excel to do everyday statistical calculations
can save you a lot of time and effort.
• Forgetting the equal sign (=) at the start of the
formula. There are many practical applications of statistics
• Inserting a space before the equal sign. in Excel:
• Having your data in the wrong format (for
• A teacher might want to grade on a curve based on
example, as text rather than as numbers).
average scores (AVERAGE, MEDIAN, or even MODE
Excel statistical functions
• Selecting the wrong data range. have many uses.
functions)
Some common errors in MS Excel • A market researcher might need to find out how many
If you have something wrong in a formula, Excel might return responses in a survey fell within a range of responses
an incorrect result, such as #VALUE!, as shown in the (FREQUENCY function)
illustration on the left.

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