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Topography of Pakistan Revision

The document discusses mountains and passes in Pakistan. [1] It describes the Northern and Western mountains, noting difficulties of living there due to relief and harsh winters. [2] It notes economic activities and environmental issues. [3] It differentiates between the Northern and Western mountains in terms of description, relief, climate, lifestyle, and economic activity.

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Ghada Rahim
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
131 views

Topography of Pakistan Revision

The document discusses mountains and passes in Pakistan. [1] It describes the Northern and Western mountains, noting difficulties of living there due to relief and harsh winters. [2] It notes economic activities and environmental issues. [3] It differentiates between the Northern and Western mountains in terms of description, relief, climate, lifestyle, and economic activity.

Uploaded by

Ghada Rahim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mountains and Passes

Unit # 1 The Natural Topography of Pakistan

Q1a- Name the Mountains in the north and west of Pakistan

Northern Western

b- Name the passes

Northern Western

c- Explain how the relief and topography of the Northern Mountains makes it difficult for the people of
the north to live there? 4m

d- Explain how the winters of the northern mountains makes it a difficult for people to live? 6m

e- Explain the environmental issues of Northern Mountains? 4m

f- Describe the different human and economic activities of the Northern Mountains? 4m

g- Describe the features of Western Mountains of Pakistan? 4m

h- Describe the human activities and economic issues of the Western highland of Pakistan? 4m

i- Differentiate between the northern and western mountains with reference to 6m

Northern Western
Description
Relief
Climate
Lifestyle
Economic activity
Western Mountain Northern Mountains

Limestone
J-Look at the insert above why does it make it difficult to trade in the northern areas during winters?
2m

Plateaus

Q2- Differentiate between Baluchistan and Potwar plateau? 6m

Baluchistan Potwar
Relief and drainage Relief and drainage
Basins Rivers
Economic potential Climate
Current Economic activity Current Economic activity
transport transport
Infrastructure Infrastructure
Life style Life style

b- State the location of Salt Range and Potwar Plateau?


c- Explain the economic activities and lifestyle in the Potwar Plateau and salt range? 6m

Notes

Q What is doab (scalloped interfluves)? (1)


Ans: The land between two rivers.

Q Name a doab and its location.


Ans: Rachna doab between river Ravi and Chenab, Chaj doab between river Chenab and Jhelum, Bari doab
between river Sutlej and river Ravi.

Q What are locations of bars (alluvial terrace) in upper Indus plain?


Ans: Ganji bar and Nili bars are in Bari doab,
Sandal bar is in Rachna doab and Kirana bar is in Chaj doab.

Q Where on doab would be best place to build a house? Why?


Ans: A house can be set up on doab at the bar up land area because it is highest place on doab safe
from floods.

Q Describe the relief and drainage of upper Indus plain. (6)


Ans: Drainage of Upper Indus Plain: Upper Indus plain(Punjab) is flat land from Potwar plateau to Mithonkot
drained by river Indus and its tributaries Jhelum, Chenab, Sutlej, and Ravi. At Panjnad tributaries join to form
river Panjnad which meets river Indus after 72km at Mithankot.
Upper Indus plain is divided in Sindh Sargar, Chaj, Rachna and Bari doabs. Doabs are located between Indus
River and its tributaries. Active flood plains: are narrow strip along rivers flooded every year. Levees,
meander, oxbow lakes and braided channels are features of active flood plain. Old flood plain: is next to
active flood plain. Scars of levees, meanders, oxbow lakes and braided channels are found in it. It is flooded
once in 7 to 8 years. It is 5 to 10 meters higher than active flood plain. Alluvial terrace: or bar is located in the
middle of doab. It is safe from floods. It is 5 to 15 meters high. Scarp or bluff is a slope that separates old
flood plain from bar (alluvial terrace). Kerana bar is located in chaj doab, sandal bar is in Rachna doab, Ganji
and Neli bars are in Bari doab.

Q Describe the relief and drainage of lower Indus plain.


Ans: Lower Indus plain is southern part of Indus plain starts from Mithonkot. Land is flat undulating (wavy)
sloping towards south. It is drained by river Indus have an active flood plain is around 40km. Meanders,
levees, oxbow lakes and braided channels are main features of active flood plain. Alluvial fans have formed
piedmont plain along Kirthar and Sulaiman range in the west of Indus. In the south of lower Indus plain River
Indus forms Indus delta by deposition (setting down) of alluvial material. Cuesta is located at Rohri and Ganjo
Takkar.

Q How life and economy of people living in Indus plain is affected by its relief and drainage?
Ans: Indus plain has flat and undulating land. Doabs and active flood plain of lower Indus have rich alluvial
soil and water is available for irrigation so agriculture is the main profession. Industry that process material
provided by agriculture sector is also developed i.e. Textile mills, sugar mills and flour mills. Roads and
railway line are easier to set up due to flat land. River Indus and its tributaries are crossed by bridges at
convenient places. Population is high due to food production and employment.
Topic: Piedmont Plains.

Q Describe the relief and drainage pattern of piedmont plain region.


Ans: Alluvial fans are found in the foot hills of Sulaiman mountain range and Kirthar Mountains range in
piedmont plain region. Hill torrents (flood) become active only during rainfall on reaching foothills brought
material (sand, silt and gravel) is deposited (set down). Torrents divide into number of channels like shape of
Chinese fans spread from 2 to 4 miles. Piedmont plains have fertile soil suitable for agriculture. Alluvial fans
are also found in northern Punjab.

Topic: Tidal Delta.

Q Name two delta located on coastal areas of Pakistan.


Ans: Indus delta and Hub delta.

Q Describe the drainage of Indus delta.


Ans: Indus delta starts from Thatta. Here Indus River divides in number of channels which are shallow and
natural channels. The delta is a flat region crossed by many shallow (not deep) channels through which the
water of river Indus flows into sea. The channels are shallow because of continuous deposit (lay down) of silt
on their beds. The channel bed gets raised, and at many places channel is higher than nearby land. Levees are
formed on the banks of channels. Sea water fills in lower land between channels and forms swamps
(marsh/wetland).

Topic: The Desert Areas.

Q Name three deserts located in south-east Pakistan.


Ans: Cholistan, Nara and Tharparkar.

Q Name a one desert in upper Punjab and one in Balochistan.


Ans: Thal in upper Punjab and Kharan in Balochistan.

Q Explain the appearance and development of sand dunes?


Ans: Tharparkar and Thar deserts have land covered with rolling sand plain and countless sand dunes. Sand
dunes are normally 25 to 50 feet in height may be even higher. The sand dunes are steep on one side and
gentle on other side. Sand dunes are formed by wind action and shift their location in the direction of wind.
Some places there is strip (narrow piece) of flat land called patti.

Q How life of people in desert is affected by natural environment?


Ans: Desert relief (land form) is marked by sand dunes have high temperature and low rainfall. Agriculture is
limited. Rearing of sheep and goats is the main occupation (profession). Nomadic way of life is practiced
(done) due to shortage of vegetation and water. Population is low and scattered. People travel at night due
to high day temperature.
Kharan Desert in Baluchistan

Q e-Look at the insert above and describe its appearance? 4m

Thar Desert
d- What difficulties are faced by the people living in the desert areas? 6m

Thar Desert is among the most populated deserts of the world. The area is rich in
culture with many Hindu temples. Notable cities are Mithi and Nagarparkar.
These areas receive very little rain fall and are have large tracts of barren
wastelands, with formation of sand dunes rising sometime to 150 m above
ground level. The desert areas also support wildlife including desert gazelles,
bustards, jackals, foxes, wild cats, lizards and snakes etc. Despite harsh living
conditions these desert areas are also inhabited by a significant number of people
and livestock. The desert people mostly lead a semi-nomadic life and move from
one place to another in search of water and fodder for their animals. The specific
desert life style of the people has also given rise to very unique cultures,
traditions and arts.
By looking at the above image, how can the government help in improving the area? 4m

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