CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF FOREIGN LITERATURE

A convention center is a large building that is designed to hold a convention, where individuals
and groups gather to promote and share common interests. Convention centers typically offer
sufficient floor area to accommodate several thousand attendees. Very large venues, suitable
for major trade shows, are sometimes known as exhibition centres. Convention centers typically
have at least one auditorium and may also contain bon concert halls, lecture halls, meeting
rooms, and conference rooms. Some large resort area hotels include a convention center.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_center

The first convention centres can be traced back to mid-19th century Britain. Commonly known
as exhibition halls, the centres were designed to bring together people to discuss and explore
their mutual interest of a subject. These imposing Victorian buildings often covered several
acres and were multi-functional incorporating lecture halls, libraries, galleries, theatres and
exhibition areas.

Among the first historical convention centres constructed was The Crystal Palace in London’s
Hyde Park. Providing 92,000 m2 of exhibition space, the building was erected in 1851 to house
The Great Exhibition a grand show case of modern industrial technology and design.

Organised by Prince Albert and inventor Henry Cole, the Great Exhibition was an international
platform for world powers to demonstrate their technological and cultural achievements.
Although countries all around the world could contribute, British exhibits - from working
machinery to scientific and surgical instruments - took centre stage, promoting Britain’s position
as a great industrial power.

In 1854 the Crystal Palace was dismantled and re-built in Sydenham, an area of south London
which by association became known as Crystal Palace. Ravaged by fire in 1936, the building was
eventually pulled down.

Another key convention centre in Britain’s history is Bingley Hall, Birmingham. Constructed in
1850 from surplus steels used to build Euston Station, the exhibition hall boasted over an acre
of exhibition space and was serviced by ten entrances.

Bingley Hall was a primary meeting and exhibition space and before it succumbed to fire in
1984, hosted several key events, including cattle shows, concerts and boxing matches. It was
also the centre for British Prime Minister Gladstone’s political rally in November 1888.
In Bingley Hall’s place now stands Birmingham’s International Convention Centre (ICC). Opened
in 1991, the ICC is a major exhibition centre comprising ten halls which can accommodate up to
8,000 visitors. The site also houses Symphony Hall, a 2,000 seat concert hall, alongside shops
and cafes.

These multi-functional buildings are designed to maximise attendees’ productivity and

concentration by offering a dedicated learning environment in high quality private surroundings.

Facilities typically include self-contained conference buildings, break-out rooms, exhibition

spaces, dedicated dining rooms and social areas. For added comfort and convenience, today’s
purpose-built conference centres usually provide on-site overnight accommodation, leisure
facilities and free parking.

https://www.lane-end conferences.co.uk/news/The_History_of_Conference_Centres.html

The Vancouver Convention Centre consists of two uniquely designed buildings, the iconic East
building and connected West building, the world’s first double LEED® Platinum certified
convention facility. With 466,500 square feet (43,340 square meters) of pre-function, meeting,
exhibition and ballroom space, the facility is able to host multiple, simultaneous events as well
as large single events with upwards of 16,000 delegates.

The Convention Centre is designed with the latest environmentally sustainable features and
technology, including a six-acre “living roof” and an on-site blackwater treatment plant. The
Centre also features Canada’s largest waterfront ballroom with five-story high ceilings, open
terraces, and floor-to-ceiling windows that offer breathtaking mountain and harbour vistas.

The Convention Centre is the first ever repeat winner of the International Association of
Congress Centres (AIPC) Apex award for World’s Best Convention Centre. Vancouver has
consistently been named North America's top destination for international meetings by the
International Congress and Convention Association (ICCA).

The Vancouver Convention Centre is a part of BC Pavilion Corporation (PavCo), a Provincial

Crown Corporation of the Ministry of Tourism, Arts & Culture.

https://www.vancouverconventioncentre.com/about-us/our-story

REVIEW OF LOCAL LITERATURE

The Philippine International Convention Center (PICC) is a convention center located in the
Cultural Center of the Philippines complex in Pasay City, Metro Manila. This state-of-the-art
facility has been the host of numerous local and foreign conventions, meetings, fairs, band
social events. The PICC was also the home of the office of the Vice President of the Philippines
until 2005.

Presidential Decree No. 520 authorized the Central Bank of the Philippines (now Bangko Sentral
ng Pilipinas) to construct an international conference building, acquire a suitable area for that
purpose, and organize a corporation to manage a conference center. Thus, the PICC was
organized under the Corporation Code. The construction of the state-of-the-art PICC Complex
was undertaken in a short span of 23 months, from November 1974 to September 1976, with
Leandro Locsin as architect, who was subsequently named a National Artist.

From its inception to the present, the PICC has also hosted the annual Awards Night of the
Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences (FAMAS), the Philippine equivalent of the Oscars,
mostly at its Plenary Hall. On September 5, 1976, the PICC, Asia's first international convention
center was officially opened to the world when it hosted the 1976 IMF-World Bank Meeting.

Presidential Decree No. 995 created the Batasang Bayan to function as a legislative body before
the Interim Batasang Pambansa convened in 1978. So on September 21, 1976 on 4th
Anniversary of the birth of the Bagong Lipunan (New Society) the Batasang Bayan held its
inauguration at the PICC. For the first time, the PICC was used to house a legislative body from
1976 to 1978.

The PICC is dedicated to the task of bringing peoples and nations together and providing a place
where they can meet and exchange ideas that may perhaps open doors to better world
understanding and peace. As a venue of meetings, conferences, exhibitions, and special events,
it caters to organizers of international, regional Asia Pacific, and local events by providing highly
advanced conferencing equipment and facilities and, most importantly, friendly, efficient, and
professional service. The Philippine International Convention Center was the venue of Miss
Universe 1994.

https://www.picc.gov.ph/about-picc/

The Pangasinan Capitol Building serves as the seat of both its executive and legislative branches
of government. It houses the offices of the Governor, the Vice-Governor and the Provincial
Board Members, and several provincial government departments.

Located in the vast expanse of the Capitol Complex, visitors will find lush parks and gardens,
tree-lined avenues, palatial structures and edifices and a panoramic view of a sunset at the Gulf
to be perfect complementary components of a history well told.
Governor Daniel Maramba, a farmer and a revolutionary, led the construction of the provincial
capitol in April 1917 and completed the project in December 1918. Its inauguration in February
1919, featured a Pangasinan Exposition, which focused the attention of the entire nation on the
province, its agricultural and industrial products, its achievements and potentials. At the time of
its inaugural, the capitol was the most beautiful provincial building in the country, admired and
copied by other provinces.

This building saw the ravages of World War II and was partly destroyed in 1945 during the
LIngayen Gulf Landings. It was then reconstructed in 1949 under the US Rehabilitation Act.

The National Commission for Culture and Arts and the Filipino Heritage Festival declared this
building as one of the eight architectural treasures of the Philippines. Designed by Architect
Ralph Doane, this neo classic edifice has ornamental concrete decorations with native motiffs.

Former Governor Amado T. Espino, Jr., now Congressman of 5th District, completed its full
restoration and refurbishment at the start of his term in 2007, and placed it back to its former
glory as the country’s most beautiful.

http://pangasinan.gov.ph/tourism/tourist-attractions/

RELATED FOREIGN STUDIES

  Orange
County
Convention and Civic Center (1983-92)

The Orange County Convention Center is aconvention center located in Orlando, Florida.
Opening in 1983 as the Orange County Convention and Civic Center, it currently ranks as the
second largest convention center in the United States (the biggest isMcCormick Place in
Chicago). It is also the primary public convention center for theCentral Florida region.

Originally, the Orange County Convention and Civic Center (OCCCC) was an idea born out of a
1977 law passed by Florida's State Legislature that permits counties to collect a "Tourist
Development Tax" on top of regularsales tax on hotel room stays, with the approval of the
county's voters, for state-approved purposes. In April 1978 in a special election, the voters of
Orange Countyapproved a 2% Tourist Development Tax (the limit set by the state) for the
purpose of building a Convention and Civic Center. That August, the Orange County Board of
County Commissioners (BCC) approved a location for the OCCCC in Orlando Central Park, on
International Drive, and drew up plans for a 325,000 sq ft (30,200 m2) gross area facility. In
1979, Orlando Central Park and the BCC came to a deal whereby the Orlando Central Park
would donate land for the initial facility, and give the county an option on 45 acres (18 ha)
additional for future expansion. Orlando Central Park agreed to commit adjacent lands for hotel
and tourist development, with an incentive of one cent per taxed dollar of the TDT each year for
30 years.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_County_Convention_Center

 The Orange County Convention Center Facts

Total Square Footage
Total: 7 million
West Building: 4 million
North/South Building: 3 million
  Exhibition Space
Total: 2,053,820 sq ft
West Building: 1,103,538 sq ft
North/South Building: 950,282 sq ft
 Meeting Room Footage
Total: 479,190 sq ft
West Building: 313,140 sq ft
North/South Building: 166,050 sq ft
 Meeting Rooms
Total: 74 rooms
West Building: 49 rooms
North/South Building: 25 rooms
 Breakout Rooms
Total: 232 rooms
West Building: 138 rooms
North/South Building: 94 rooms
 Parking Spaces
Total: 6,227 spaces
West Building: 1,450 spaces
North/South Building: 4,777 spaces
(1,380 unpaved spaces)
 Valencia Ballroom
West Building: 62,182 sq ft
 Linda W. Chapin Theater
West Building: 2,643 seats
 Lecture Hall
West Building: 160 seats
 Food Courts
Total: 8 food courts
West Building: 4 food courts
North/South Building: 4 food courts
 Loading Docks
Total: 174 truck bays
West Building: 97 truck bays
North/South Building: 77 truck bays
 Center-to-Table Gardens
2,000 sq ft of aeroponic gardens
81 towers
3,564 plants

https://www.occc.net

 McCormick PlaceBuilt (1958-60)

McCormick Place is the largest convention center in North America.[2] It consists of four
interconnected buildings and one indoor arena sited on and near the shore of Lake Michigan,
about 2 mi (3.2 km) south of downtown Chicago, Illinois, United States. McCormick Place hosts
numerous trade shows and meetings. The largest regular events are the Chicago Auto Show
each February, the International Home and Housewares Show each March and the National
Restaurant Association Annual Show each May.

McCormick Place comprises four state-of-the-art buildings, the West, South and North Buildings
and Lakeside Center. These buildings have a combined total of 2.6 million square feet of exhibit
space, 1.2 million square feet all on one level, making it the nation's largest convention center.

In addition to expansive exhibition space, McCormick Place also features:

• 173 meeting rooms offering 600,000 square feet of space
• 4 ballrooms ranging from 21,000 to 100,000 square feet
• Assembly seating for 18,000 people
• 4,249 seat theater (Arie Crown)
• 3 theaters seating 300 each
• Ceiling heights up to 50 feet
• Easy access and 6,000 parking spaces

http://www.mccormickplace.com
As early as 1927, Robert R. McCormick, a prominent member of the McCormick family of
McCormick Reaper fame, and publisher of the Chicago Tribune, championed a purpose-built
lakeside convention center for Chicago. In 1958, ground was broken for a $35 million facility that
opened in November 1960, and was named after McCormick, who died in 1955. The lead
architect was Alfred Shaw, one of the architects of the Merchandise Mart.[3] This building
included the Arie Crown Theater, designed by Edward Durell Stone.[4] It seated nearly 5,000
people and was the second largest theater (by seating capacity) in Chicago.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCormick_Place

 LAS VEGAS CONVENTION CENTER (1959)

The Las Vegas Convention Center (LVCC), located adjacent to the Las Vegas Strip, encompasses
approximately 3.2 million square feet with exhibit space of 2 million square feet and meeting
space of nearly 250,000 square feet. The facility is one of the busiest centers in the world -
centrally located within three miles of over 100,000 guest rooms.

Operated by the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority (LVCVA), the center is well known
for its versatility, size, and amenities. In addition to exhibit and convention space, 144 meeting
rooms handle seating capacities ranging from 20 to 2,500. A grand lobby and registration area
efficiently link existing exhibit halls with new exhibit and meeting rooms, and allow
simultaneous set-up, break-down and exhibiting of multiple events.

In 2012, the Las Vegas Convention Center received AIPC Gold Certification from the
International Association of Convention Centers. The AIPC reviewed the organization's
management practices, policies, procedures and customer service. In addition, they rated
facility performance measures, financial accountability, economic impacts, security, emergency
response, financial integrity; employee, supplier and community relations, communications and
environmental responsibility.

http://www.vegasmeansbusiness.com/listing/las-vegas-convention-center

 WASHINGTON CONVENTION CENTER (1980-83)

The Walter E. Washington Convention Center is the largest digital signage network of its kind in
any conference facility in the United States with over 200 digital signage displays located
throughout the facility.You can mold all 703,000 square feet of exhibition space inside the
convention center into whatever shape you need. Within its two levels and five exhibit halls is a
473,000 square-foot exhibit hall that can be subdivided into three rooms, 198,000 square feet
of flexible meeting space, a 52,000 square-foot ballroom and 77 breakout rooms. The space is
versatile enough to accommodate events of all sizes.

The convention center is a leader in environmental stewardship and sustainability initiatives,

which include a color-coded recycling program, water efficiency, green product purchasing and
more. The building boasts a long list of energy-reducing features, from low-emission glass to
computerized HVAC systems.

https://washington.org/meetings/walter-e-washington-convention-center
  Kay
Bailey

Hutchison Convention Center (1957)

Located in the heart of downtown Dallas, the KBHCCD has been and continues to be a fixture in
the Dallas skyline offering 1 million square feet of exhibit space, three ballrooms, 88 meeting
rooms, 1,750-seat theater, and a 9,816-seat arena. The award-winning facility is connected to a
1,001-room hotel via skybridge and is adjacent to two Vertiport landing pads.

http://www.dallasconventioncenter.com/about-us/about-us

The Kay Bailey Hutchison Convention Center (originally the Dallas Memorial Auditorium and
formerly Dallas Convention Center) is a convention center in the Convention Center District of
downtown Dallas, Texas. The original Dallas Memorial Auditorium was designed by George Dahl
in 1957. It holds approximately 10,000 seats. Dahl was responsible for the renowned Art Deco
buildings at the Dallas Fair Park, as well as many other Texas landmarks. The Convention Center
additions were designed by Larry Oltmanns, who was a Design Partner with Skidmore, Owings
and Merrill at the time.

The Dallas Memorial Auditorium was originally constructed in 1957 near the intersection of
Canton and Akard Streets. While the auditorium still hosts many smaller events, its antiquated
facilities and technology, along with the fact that it is not compliant with the Americans with
Disabilities Act, have kept it less busy than in the past. In the 1970s, the center was expanded
and renamed the Dallas Convention Center; the expansion was designed by local architects
Omniplan. The center was expanded again in 1984 and once more in 1994,when Dallas Area
Rapid Transit constructed the Convention Center Station underneath the west-wing of the
facility, connecting it to the Red and Blue light rail lines. The most-recent addition to the facility
was completed in 2002.The complex was renamed in honor of former US Senator Kay Bailey
Hutchison in 2013.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kay_Bailey_Hutchison_Convention_Center
  Phoenix Convention Center (1969-72)

The 24-acre (97,000 m2) Phoenix Convention Center, in the heart of Downtown Phoenix, has
been hosting national and regional conventions and trade shows as well as consumer events
and theatrical productions since it opened in 1972.

Enclosed space
• Total space
900,000 sq. ft.
• Exhibit hall floor
312,500 sq. ft.
• Breakout/meeting
150,000 sq. ft.
• Ballroom
45,000 sq. ft.
Parking
8000 spaces

A citizens group was formed in the early 1960s to study the development of a convention center
and the idea for Phoenix Civic Plaza became reality. In 1963, in order to finance construction,
the non-profit Phoenix Civic Plaza Building Corporation was created. On April 15, 1969, the city
of Phoenix and Phoenix Civic Plaza Building Corporation signed legal agreements for the initial
construction of the convention center.

The Phoenix Civic Plaza Department was created in November 1969 to oversee the operational
aspects of the construction, purchase equipment and hire and train staff. Construction of
Phoenix Civic Plaza began the same year and was completed in 1972 at a cost of $28 million and
occupying 16.5 acres (67,000 m2). The original project included Phoenix Symphony Hall, which
opened at the same time.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_Convention_Center
  San Diego
Convention Center(1987-89)

The San Diego Convention Center is the primary convention center in San Diego, California. It is
located in the Marina district of downtown San Diego near the Gaslamp Quarter, at 111 West
Harbor Drive.

San Diego approved a measure to fund construction of a new convention center in 1983 on land
owned by the Port of San Diego. Construction of the original building began in March 1987 and
was completed in November 1989.An expansion which doubled the gross square footage of the
facility was completed in September 2001.In September 2008 the center took steps to acquire
adjacent property for an additional expansion.

Notable events hosted at the convention center include the annual Comic-Con International
convention and the Society for Neuroscience.Television game show Wheel of Fortune did live
tapings of shows at the Convention Center featuring contestants from the San Diego area that
aired nationally in 1997, 2003, and 2007.It hosted the 1996 Republican National Convention,
which nominated Bob Dole and Jack Kemp for President and Vice President of the United States,
respectively.It was also the venue for the 2007 California Democratic Party Convention.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_Convention_Center

FACILITY HIGHLIGHTS
525,701 sq. ft. of contiguous exhibit space, divisible into seven halls
90,000 sq. ft. Sails Pavilion, column-free, glass-enclosed with an industry standard trade show
floor
72 meeting rooms totaling 204,114 sq. ft., including two 40,000 sq. ft. ballrooms
284,494 sq. ft. of pre-function, lobby and registration area
184,514 sq. ft. of outdoor terrace space perfect for soaking in San Diego's year round sunshine
LEED Gold Certification from the U.S. Green Building Council
https://www.sandiego.org/meeting-planners/convention-center.aspx
  Anaheim
Convention Center(1967)

The Anaheim Convention Center is a major convention center in Anaheim, California. It is

located across from the Disneyland Resort on Katella Avenue. The original components,
designed by Adrian Wilson & Associates, opened in July 1967—including a basketball arena
followed shortly by the convention hall.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaheim_Convention_Center

The Anaheim Convention Center first became a meetings and conventions destination in 1967,
and the original construction consisted of the domed Arena, which stands on Katella Avenue, an
Exhibit Hall and Meeting Space. Since those early days, the Anaheim Convention Center has
completed a total of 7 expansions plus several cosmetic renovations to update the Convention
Center. Five of the major expansions provided additional exhibit hall and meeting room space.
While the 5th expansion, completed in January 2000 resulted in a complete transformation of
the Anaheim Convention Center and surrounding campus, the 6th expansion, completed in
January 2013, was the Grand Plaza, a 100,000 square feet of exterior space offering meeting
planners the opportunity for large outdoor gatherings including alfresco dining, concerts,
receptions, exhibitions, meetings and more. The Grand Plaza's singular design makes it unique
among outdoor event venues and extremely versatile to accommodate almost any event.

The Anaheim Convention Center with 1.15 million square feet of exhibit space is the largest
exhibit facility on the West Coast. All halls are directly accessible from spacious
lobby/registration pre-function areas. ACC North with 200,000 square feet of exhibit space is
connected to the other halls via an enclosed temperature controlled bridge to the second level
of the main building.

https://www.anaheim.net
  Moscone Center(1981)

The George R. Moscone Convention Center(pronounced /mɒsˈkoʊni/), popularly known as the

Moscone Center, is the largest convention and exhibition complex in San Francisco, California.
The complex consists of three main halls spread out across three blocks and 87 acres (35 ha) in
the South of Market neighborhood. The convention center originally opened in 1981. It is
named after San Francisco former mayor George Moscone, who was assassinated in November
1978.

The South of Market Area where Moscone Center was built was claimed by the San Francisco
Redevelopment Agency, and a protracted battle was fought by the displaced low-income
residents during the 1960s and 1970s.

Although the Center is named after the murdered mayor, Moscone initially opposed the
development of the area when he served on the SF Board of Supervisors in the 1960s because
he felt it would displace elderly and poor residents of the area. As mayor, Moscone convened a
special committee of proponents and opponents of a convention center. Hearings were held
throughout SF seeking citizen input. A compromise was reached which was supported by
Moscone. He put the matter on the ballot in November 1976 and it passed overwhelmingly.

The original Moscone Convention Center hall opened in 1981 on the site of what is now known
as Moscone South. It was designed by a team at Hellmuth, Obata & Kassabaum led by Bill
Valentine. The exhibition hall was placed underground to minimize the controversial convention
center's visible footprint.

Moscone Center was featured in the 1995 movie The Net, with Sandra Bullock.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscone_Center
  Georgia World Congress Center(1976)

The Georgia World Congress Center (GWCC) is a convention center in Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Enclosing some 3.9 million ft2 (360,000 m2) in exhibition space and hosting more than a million
visitors each year, the GWCC is the third-largest convention center in the United States. Opened
in 1976, the GWCC was the first state-owned convention center established in the United
States. The center is operated on behalf of the state by the Georgia World Congress Center
Authority, which was chartered in 1971 by Georgia General Assembly to develop an
international trade and exhibition center in Atlanta. The authority later developed the Georgia
Dome, Centennial Olympic Park, and Mercedes-Benz Stadium, which replaced the Georgia
Dome. In 2017, the Georgia Dome was closed on March 5 and demolished by implosion on
November 20 while Mercedes-Benz Stadium officially opened on August 26. While the GWCCA
owns Mercedes-Benz Stadium, AMB Group, the parent organization for the National Football
League's Atlanta Falcons and Major League Soccer's Atlanta United FC, is responsible for the
stadium's operations.

The GWCC is located in downtown Atlanta at 285 Andrew Young International Boulevard NW,
adjacent to CNN Center and State Farm Arena. Public transportation is serviced by the
Dome/GWCC/Philips Arena/CNN Center MARTA station. Delta Air Lines previously had a ticket
office in the lobby of the complex.

Though similarly named, the Georgia International Convention Center is a smaller unrelated
facility located near Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_World_Congress_Center
RELATED LOCAL STUDIES

 CSI STADIA

Home of the biggest and best events in northern Luzon

For eight years, CSI Stadia has been the preferred venue of the biggest exhibitions, professional
trade shows, and spectacular shows in the region. Annual trade shows like the Sari-Sari Store
Fair, Children’s Expo, CSI Home Expo Sale, regional DTI trade fairs, big gatherings of various
religious groups and many more has been held annually at CSI Stadia. The high capacity and
top-notch facility has also been the reason why CSI Stadia has been the preferred venue for a lot
of regional shows of ABS-CBN, GMA 7, and TV5. Annual Valentines and Christmas concerts,
headlined by the biggest recording artists in the country, has also been staged at CSI Stadia over
the years.

Strategic Location

CSI Stadia is strategically located inside the CSI Center at Lucao district Dagupan City. The CSI
Center at Lucao District Dagupan City is located near national high ways connecting Dagupan
and other neighboring towns. This prime location makes CSI Stadia easily accessible to those
coming from other cities in the Ilocos region or those from Metro Manila. The city center of
Dagupan is also easily accessible through the Joe deVenecia extension highway, making your
travel time from one point to the other fast and traffic-free.

Making things more convenient, the CSI The City Mall is also right in front of CSI Stadia, where
you can shop, dine and have fun during your stay at Dagupan City. The wide-open scenic space
views are also at your expense, which only makes your experience at CSI Stadia more
memorable.

http://csistadia.com
  SMX Convention Center

Manila-based SM group opened its first exhibition venue, SMX Convention Center, in Pasay City
in 2007. Located beside SM Mall of Asia—one of the largest shopping malls in the world,
attracting an estimated 200,000 people daily—it is said to be the largest private venue in the
Philippines for trade events and exhibitions with four exhibition halls, five function rooms and
14 meeting rooms. Notable events hosted here have included the TravelTour Expo, Philippine
Fashion Week and Manila FAME. President Benigno S. Aquino III attended the recent three-day
Livestock Philippines conference organised by UBM Exhibitions Philippines Inc., owned by
United Business Media.

SMX Convention Center Davao, on the island of Mindanao, was the second property to open
with the SMX brand name, followed shortly after by SMX Convention Center Aura in Taguig City.
SMX Davao offers three function rooms and five meeting rooms totaling 5,200 sqm, while SMX
Aura has three function rooms and 13 meeting rooms, covering 3,137 sqm on the third and
fourth floors of the SM Aura Premier shopping mall.

The group recently opened its fourth property and the first convention centre in the Visayas,
SMX Bacolod in the Negros capital. Located in the new wing of the group’s eight-year-old
shopping mall

SM City Bacolod, it has 4,269 sqm of event space, with a pre-function lobby, six meeting rooms
and three function rooms which can accommodate up to 4,500 people in a concert-style setting
or up to 2,800 people for a sit-down dinner. The centre will host MICECON 2016, a three-day
meetings and incentives expo.

https://www.sminvestments.com/media/news/top-convention-centres-philippines
  Philippine International Convention Center (PICC)

An architectural landmark on its own, housing works of various Filipino master artists in
painting, the Philippine International Convention Center made history as Asia’s first convention
center, setting a trend that led to countries to build their own.

It provides the perfect venue for every gathering and purpose. It offers excellent facilities for
meetings, conventions, exhibits and special events – a Plenary Hall that can seat more than
3,500; an elegant Reception Hall, Exhibit Areas and other meeting rooms

Built on reclaimed land along Manila Bay, the PICC opened its doors in 1976 coinciding with the
creation of the Philippine Convention Bureau (PCB). It has more than 70,000 sqm of floor space
including a Plenary Hall that can seat about 4,000 and a Delegation Building with 12 meetings
rooms and two banquet halls. The World Law Conference, World Congress of Anesthesiologists
and the 74th Annual World Dental Congress of the FDI have all been hosted here.

https://www.sminvestments.com/media/news/top-convention-centres-philippines
  World Trade Center Metro Manila (WTCMM)

Boasting a gross area of 33,700 sqm, the World Trade Center Metro Manila (WTCMM)
comprises 12,700 sqm of indoor space and 21,000 sqm of gated outdoor space. Some of the
most popular events held at the venue are the Manila International Auto Show (MIAS) and the
World Food Expo. It was also used as the International Media Center for the Asia-Pacific
Economic Cooperation (APEC) conference in 2015.

The WTCMM’s Exhibit Halls A–C have a total floor area of 10,810 sqm, an exhibit area of 8,300
sqm, and a pre-function lobby space of 1,200 sqm. The 3,000-sqm Hall D is designed with a pre-
function lobby of 300 sqm. The venue also has four function rooms ranging in size from 95 to
140 sqm. The largest, Function Rooms 1 and 2, can accommodate between 126 and 130 guests
in a theater setup, while the smallest—Function Room 4—can accommodate 102 people in
theater-style seating. For outdoor events, the WTCMM can provide a gated area that spans
8,200 sqm.

https://www.lamudi.com.ph/journal/12-metro-manila-venues-for-conventions-conferences-or-
exhibitions/

A member of the World Trade Centers Association of New York, WTCMM opened in 1996 and
offers 11,300 sqm of contiguous indoor space and 21,000 sqm of outdoor events space. With a
1,200-sqm pre-function lobby, a three-storey booth structure and a drive-in for a 40-foot
container truck, it is said to be the only venue in the Philippines where heavy equipment shows
can be staged with ease.

https://www.sminvestments.com/media/news/top-convention-centres-philippines
  TAGAYTAY INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION CENTER

Located within a 2.38 hectare property in the heart of Tagaytay City, this convention center
offers the capacity and meeting space for a wide array of events. It’s conveniently located near
major tourist establishments making it an ideal venue to host them.

No matter how big or small your event is, their unique venue offers you the option to host a
wide range of special events. They provide exceptional sound quality as their convention center
proper is equipped with the right audio and video equipment systems. They also have movable
partitions and air conditioning systems to help solidify your event experience with them.

From business meetings up to trainings and seminars, groups of people are wide and ranging on
how they move in and out of the center depending on what they came there for. This
convention center’s flexible and customisable space makes it an ideal venue to host not just
association gatherings but also intimate weddings, private event conferences, company team
buildings, stand-alone banquets and other festive celebrations. They also have one of the
biggest venue in Tagaytay City.

TICC comprises of a 1,000 seat plenary hall and Sigtuna hall that can accommodate 5000
persons. They also have different function rooms that are perfect for any event size as it has the
needed space and amenities to fulfil your leisure, entertainment and business needs. Their
Character hotel on the other hand, offers an executive room for twin sharing and junior
executive rooms for triple and quadruple sharing with the total capacity of 40 rooms. For large
number of group bookings, they have their Sunflower Hostel, a dormitory room type set-up that
can accommodate up to 160 people.

https://www.wheretogointagaytay.ph/ticc.html
  CEBU INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION CENTER (CICC)

The Cebu Convention Center (Cebu International Convention Center, CICC) is a structure built by
the Cebu Provincial Government in time for the 12th Asean Summit in January 2007 and the
2nd East Asia Summit.

It is a three-story structure with a gross floor area of 28,000 square meters and situated on 3.8
hectares of land in Mandaue City.

The Cebu Convention Center features an International Media Center, a large Plenary Hall, an
Exhibition Hall, and several Meeting Rooms. The Cebu International Convention Center is an
ideal venue for conventions, meetings, trade shows, business conferences, sports, corporate
events, expositions and other special events.

Aside from these world-class convention and exhibition facilities for international events,
several hotels and resorts in Metro Manila and key cities in the Philippines have ballrooms,
meeting rooms and similar facilities that can accommodate small and medium-sized events.

http://www.experiencephilippines.org/mice-tourism/
  AIM Conference Center Manila

The AIM Conference Center Manila (ACCM) is the flagship conference venue of the Asian
Institute of Management, a pioneering institution on international management education. The
venue sits right inside the campus, and is also built with over 100 guestrooms, making it an ideal
venue for conventions to be attended by frequently traveling businessmen.

ACCM has two case rooms—the 210-sqm Security Bank case room and the 187.5-sqm Don Jose
Yulo case room—that can hold from 75 to 80 people in classroom seating. A total of 16 smaller
event venues called Flat Rooms can also be found on site: the smallest is the 39-sqm Uytengsu
Room with a capacity of 30 in a cocktail setup; and the largest is the 249-sqm JV Del Rosario
Rooms 2–5 that can be occupied by up to 200 in a cocktail setup

https://www.lamudi.com.ph/journal/12-metro-manila-venues-for-conventions-conferences-or-
exhibitions/
  Philippine Trade Training Center

Managed by the Department of Trade and Industry, the PTTC is a government-owned facility
founded in 1987 through Executive Order No. 133. Aside from being a training venue that offers
various programs like entrepreneurship, export management, and quality and productivity, the
PTTC also serves as a venue for trade fairs and other business-related events.

The PTTC houses three Exhibition Halls and a Main Lobby, as well as six seminar rooms. Past
events include Philconstruct Manila, a construction exposition show; Green Breakthroughs
2015, a conference on sustainability that coincided with the launch of the Philippine Green
Building Code; and the biannual design and lifestyle event Manila FAME.

https://www.lamudi.com.ph/journal/12-metro-manila-venues-for-conventions-conferences-or-
exhibitions/
  Le Pavillon

Metropolitan Park, EDSA Extension, Pasay

The 1,500-sqm Le Pavillon is one of two premier event venues built by local real estate
developer Federal Land (the other being the 300-sqm Le Park). In a theater or classroom setup,
Le Pavillon can accommodate up to 1,500 people. The tent-like venue is also built with a 250-
sqm lobby as well as a 300-sqm bricked area. It has been the site of such events as the
SuperSale Bazaar 2015, 3rd REBAP National General Membership Meeting, and the First
Philippine Airport Modernization and Expansion Fair in 2016.

Le Pavillon can be rented as a whole starting at Php120,000 for up to 700 guests, or as half a
venue starting at Php75,000 for a maximum of 350 guests. The tent is fully air-conditioned, and
is also equipped with a full-serviced kitchen, a stage, and dressing rooms.

https://www.lamudi.com.ph/journal/12-metro-manila-venues-for-conventions-conferences-or-
exhibitions/
  Smart Araneta Coliseum

Smart Araneta Coliseum, also known as the “Big Dome” has been the centrepiece of the
Philippines’ entertainment world for more than 50 years. It houses different events, ranging
from entertainment events, business ventures and religious events to sports events. The whole
venue can accommodate a total maximum number of 16,035.

The Mall of Asia “MOA” Arena is the latest and biggest venture to rise at the foremost
entertainment and retail destination—the Mall of Asia Complex—is figuratively and quite
literally an architectural “eyecon.” The whole venue is equipped with state-of-the-art technology
and world-class facilities and can accommodate a seating capacity of 15,000, with a full-house
capacity of 20,000.

http://primer.com.ph/business/2016/10/03/10-popular-venues-in-manila-for-big-events/
  Sison Auditorium

Sison Auditorium, also called by the Pangasinenses as the Cultural Center of Pangasinan (CCP), is
a frequent venue for the citywide events of Lingayen. This neo-classical auditorium showcases
the Manaoag Festival, musical concerts, cultural shows, theater plays, graduation, social and
major government functions, and the renowned ASNA Awards which recognizes the most
outstanding Pangasinenses in specific fields. Some of the famous ASNA Awardees are Joyce
Bernal, F. Sionil Jose, Jose De Venecia, and Fidel Ramos.

https://explora.ph/attraction/339/sison
RELATED FEASIBILITY OF STUDIES

The Philippine International Convention Center provides the perfect venue for every gathering
and purpose. It offers excellent facilities for meetings, conventions, exhibits and special events –
a Plenary Hall that can seat more than 3,500, an elegant Reception Hall, Exhibit Areas and
various Meeting Rooms. Spaces herein are versatile enough to be transformed into almost any
number of settings for any kind of event.

PICC maintains a complete line of support facilities and services including modern audio-visual
technology, conferencing systems, telecommunication facilities, security systems and service
areas and assistance – the key to making every event at PICC successful.

The PICC assures clients and guests of excellent food and service by the center’s exclusive
caterer, one of the most reputable restaurant and food catering companies in the Philippines.

PICC go out of our way to satisfy and exceed clients’ needs and expectations, enabling them to
have the most wonderful experience in each and every event that they attend at the Center.
Truly, PICC lives up to its illustrious role as “Host to the World”

https://www.cvent.com/venues/manila/convention-center/philippine-international-convention-
center/venue-9f570e90-7dad-46c5-9e9d-c72c3d75be5a

Architectural style-Brutalist

Location-Vicente Sotto Street, CCP Complex, Pasay, Metro Manila, Philippines

Coordinates-14.554257°N 120.982618°E

Construction started-1974

Completed-1976

Inaugurated-September 5, 1976

Renovated-1996

Owner-Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas

Technical details

Floor area-More than 70,000 m2 (750,000 sq ft)

Design and construction

Architect-Leandro Locsin

Architecture firm-Leandro V. Locsin & Associates

Renovating team

ArchitectRaul Locsin (1996)

Other information

Parking-400 slots

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_International_Convention_Center

Philippine International Convention Center Exhibit Halls & Meeting Rooms

Max Exhibit Space on a Single Floor: 70,000 sq m

Rental Fee (USD): PICC Forum P60/sq m (10 hours)

Seating Capacity of Exhibit Hall:

Theater: 4000 persons

Banquet: 2500 persons

Classroom: 1500 persons

Philippine International Convention Center Facility Specifications

Parking Available: 250 spaces

Exhibit Hall Entry Door Size: 4.2 x 5 meters (h x w)

Floor Load: 210.9 kg sq m

Loading Facilities: Dock, Drive-In, Ramp

Philippine International Convention Center Amenities & Facilities

Air Conditioning

AV Facilities

Closed Circuit TV

Elevators
Escalators

Food Services

Handicapped Access

High Power Outlets

Restaurant

Security

Simultaneous Transmission

Teleconferencing

http://www.meetings-conventions.com/Meeting-Facilities/Manila-Philippines/Convention-
Center/Philippine-International-Convention-Center-p2093882
  REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A convention center is a conference facility that is designed to hold an event. Individuals and
groups gather to promote and share common interests. Convention centers need to offer
enough floor area to accommodate thousands of attendees.

It can be said that today’s modern convention center has transformed both cities and the way
we conduct commerce and industry.

But the history of the buildings themselves, the surfaces upon which success stories are made
inside those buildings is one that has matriculated throughout the years.

Over time, these towering centers have now become a fixture in modern day architecture.
Convention centers have now shaped various city centers and downtown areas, leading central
business district renew projects and anchoring multiple local redevelopment schemes that
continue to take shape across the country.

Still, it could be argued that the ample space makes a city competitive if one show chooses one
particular venue over another, commencing a bidding war that industry insiders are all too
familiar with today.

It is precisely this bidding war, coupled with the ongoing building of new centers and renovation
or expansion of existing centers, along with advancements in technology, that will allow this
industry to continue churning for decades to come.