Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

CALCULATION SHEET

Document Ref:

SX001a-EN-EU

Title

Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

Eurocode Ref

EN 1993-1-1

Made by

Alain Bureau

Date

Dec 2004

Yvan Gala

Date

Dec 2004

Checked by

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Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained

beam
This example gives the details for the verification of a simple non-composite
beam under a uniform loading. The beam is laterally restrained at the supports
only.
Scope

Created on Saturday, October 20, 2012

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The example covers an I-section rolled profile beam, bending about the strong
axis and restrained laterally at the supports only. The example includes :
-

the classification of the cross-section,

the calculation of bending resistance, including the exact

calculation of the elastic critical moment for lateral torsional
buckling,

the calculation of shear resistance,

the calculation of the deflection at serviceability limit state.

This example does not include any shear buckling verification of the web.
Loading
The uniformly distributed loading comprises:

self-weight of the beam

concrete slab

imposed load

1 : Lateral restraint

Partial safety factors

G = 1,35

(permanent loads)

Q = 1,50

(variable loads)

M0 = 1,0

EN 1993-1-1

M1 = 1,0

6.1 (1)

EN 1990

Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

CALCULATION SHEET

Document Ref:

SX001a-EN-EU

Title

Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

Eurocode Ref

EN 1993-1-1

Made by

Alain Bureau

Date

Dec 2004

Yvan Gala

Date

Dec 2004

Checked by

Sheet

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Basic data

Created on Saturday, October 20, 2012

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Design a non composite secondary floor beam of a multi-storey building

according to the data given below. The beam is assumed to be laterally
supported at the ends only.

Span length :

5,70 m

Bay width :

2,50 m

Slab depth :

12 cm

Partitions :

0,75 kN/m2

Imposed load :

2,50 kN/m2

Concrete density : 24 kN/m3

Steel grade :

S235

Weight of the slab : 0,12 24 kN/m3 = 2,88 kN/m2

Try IPE 330 Steel grade S235
Depth

h = 330 mm

Width

b = 160 mm

Web thickness

tw = 7,5 mm

Flange thickness

tf = 11,5 mm

Fillet

r = 18 mm

Mass

49,1 kg/m

19-57
tw
y

y
h

z
b

Section area

A = 62,6 cm2

Second moment of area /yy Iy = 11770 cm4

Second moment of area /zz Iz = 788,1 cm4
Torsion constant

It = 28,15 cm4

Warping constant

Iw = 199100 cm6

Elastic modulus /yy

Wel,y = 713,1 cm3

Plastic modulus /yy

Wpl.y = 804,3 cm3

Euronorm

tf

Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

CALCULATION SHEET

Document Ref:

SX001a-EN-EU

Title

Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

Eurocode Ref

EN 1993-1-1

Made by

Alain Bureau

Date

Dec 2004

Yvan Gala

Date

Dec 2004

Checked by

Sheet

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Self weight of the beam : (49,1 9,81) 10-3 =0,482 kN/m

Permanent load :
G = 0,482 + (2,88 + 0,75) 2,50 = 9,56 kN/m
Variable load (Imposed load) :
Q = 2,5 2,5 = 6,25 kN/m
EN 1990

ULS Combination :

G G + Q Q = 1,35 9,56 + 1,50 6,25 = 22,28 kN/m

6.4.3.2

Moment diagram
M
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90,48 kNm

Maximal moment at mid span :

My,Ed = 0,125 22,28 5,702 = 90,48 kNm
Shear force diagram
63,50 kN

Maximal shear force at supports :

Vz,Ed = 0,5 22,28 5,70 = 63,50 kN
Yield strength

Note :

Steel grade S235

EN 1993-1-1

The maximum thickness is 11,5 mm < 40 mm, so : fy = 235 N/mm2

Table 3.1

The National Annex may impose either the values of fy from the
Table 3.1 or the values from the product standard.

Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

CALCULATION SHEET

Document Ref:

SX001a-EN-EU

Title

Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

Eurocode Ref

EN 1993-1-1

Made by

Alain Bureau

Date

Dec 2004

Yvan Gala

Date

Dec 2004

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Section classification :
The parameter is derived from the yield strength : =

235
=1
f y [N/mm2 ]

Outstand flange : flange under uniform compression

EN 1993-1-1
Table 5.2
(sheet 2 of 3)

c = (b tw 2 r) / 2 = (160 7,5 2 18)/2 = 58,25 mm

c/tf = 58,25 / 11,5 = 5,07 9 = 9

Class 1

Internal compression part : web under pure bending

EN 1993-1-1

c = h 2 tf 2 r = 330 2 11,5 2 18 = 271 mm

Table 5.2

c / tw = 271 / 7,5 = 36,1 < 72 = 72

(sheet 1 of 3)

Class 1

Created on Saturday, October 20, 2012

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The class of the cross-section is the highest class (i.e. the least favourable)
between the flange and the web, here : Class 1

So the ULS verifications should be based on the plastic resistance of the

cross-section since the Class is 1
Moment resistance

The design resistance for bending of a cross section is given by :

Mc,Rd = Mpl,Rd = Wpl,y fy / M0 = (804,3 235 / 1,0) / 1000
Mc.Rd = 189,01 kNm
My,Ed / Mc,Rd = 90,48 / 189,01 = 0,479 < 1 OK

EN 1993-1-1
6.2.5

Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

CALCULATION SHEET

Document Ref:

SX001a-EN-EU

Title

Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

Eurocode Ref

EN 1993-1-1

Made by

Alain Bureau

Date

Dec 2004

Yvan Gala

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Reduction factor for lateral torsional buckling

To determine the design buckling resistance moment of a laterally

unrestrained beam, the reduction factor for lateral torsional buckling must be
determined. The following calculation determines this factor by calculation of
the elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling.
Critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

The critical moment may be calculated from the following expression :

2 E I z k I w (k L ) G I t

+
+ (C2 zg ) 2 C2 zg
M cr = C1
2
2
(k L ) k w I z E I z

Created on Saturday, October 20, 2012

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See SN003

E is the Young modulus :

E = 210000 N/mm2

G is the shear modulus :

G = 80770 N/mm2

L is the span length :

L = 5,70 m

In the expression of Mcr, the following assumption should be considered :

k=1

since the compression flange is free to rotate about the weak

axis of the cross-section,

kw = 1

since there is no device to prevent the warping at the ends of

the beam.

zg is the distance from the loading point to the shear centre :

zg = h / 2 = +165 mm
(zg is positive when the loads act towards the shear centre)
The C1 and C2 coefficients depend on the moment diagram. For a uniformly
distributed load and for k = 1, we obtain :
C1 = 1,127
C2 = 0,454

See SN003

Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

CALCULATION SHEET

Document Ref:

SX001a-EN-EU

Title

Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

Eurocode Ref

EN 1993-1-1

Made by

Alain Bureau

Date

Dec 2004

Yvan Gala

Date

Dec 2004

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Therefore :

2 E Iz

(k L )

2 210000 788,1 104

(5700)

10 3 = 502,75 kN

C2 zg = 0,454 165 = + 74,91 mm

M cr = 1,127 502,75
199100

80770 281500
100 +
+ (74,91) 2 74,91.10 3

502750
788,1

Mcr = 113,9 kNm

Non-dimensional slenderness
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The non-dimensional slenderness is obtained from :

LT =

Wpl, y f y
M cr

804300 235 10- 6

= 1,288
113,9

EN 1993-1-1
6.3.2.2 (1)

EN 1993-1-1

For rolled profiles, LT,0 = 0,4

Note :

the value of LT,0 may be given in the National Annex. The

recommended value is 0,4.

So

LT = 1,288 > LT,0

6.3.2.3(1)

Reduction factor

For rolled section, the reduction factor for lateral torsional buckling is EN 1993-1-1
calculated by :
6.3.2.3 (1)
LT 1.0
1

LT =
but 1
2
2
LT 2LT
LT
LT + LT

where : LT = 0,5 1 + LT LT LT,0 + LT

Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

CALCULATION SHEET

Document Ref:

SX001a-EN-EU

Title

Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

Eurocode Ref

EN 1993-1-1

Made by

Alain Bureau

Date

Dec 2004

Yvan Gala

Date

Dec 2004

Checked by

Sheet

of

LT is the imperfection factor for LTB. When applying the method for rolled
profiles, the LTB curve has to be selected from the table 6.5 :

EN 1993-1-1
Table 6.5

For h/b = 330 / 160 = 2,06 > 2 Curve c (LT = 0,49)

Table 6.3

LT,0 = 0,4 and = 0,75

Created on Saturday, October 20, 2012

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Note :

the values of LT,0 and may be given in the National Annex. The
recommended values are 0,4 and 0,75 respectively.

We obtain :

LT = 0,5 [1 + 0,49 (1,288 0,4) + 0,75 (1,288)2 ] = 1,340

and :

LT =

1
1,340 + (1,340) 0,75 (1,288) 2
2

= 0,480

Then, we check : LT = 0,480 < 1,0 OK

and :

LT = 0,480 < 1 / LT = 0,603 OK

The influence of the moment distribution on the design buckling resistance

moment of the beam is taken into account through the f-factor :

)]

f = 1 0,5 (1 kc )1 2 LT 0,8

6.3.2.3 (2)

but 1
EN 1993-1-1

where : kc = 0.94
So :

EN 1993-1-1

Table 6.6

f = 1 0,5 (1 0,94) [1 2 (1,288 0,8)2] = 0,984

We obtain : LT,mod = LT / f = 0,480 / 0,984 = 0,488

Design buckling resistance moment

Mb,Rd = LT,mod Wpl,y fy / M1

Mb,Rd = (0,488 804300 235 / 1,0) 10-6 = 92,24 kNm

EN 1993-1-1

My,Ed / Mb,Rd = 90,48 / 92,24 = 0,981 < 1 OK

6.3.2.1

Shear Resistance

In the absence of torsion, the shear plastic resistance depends on the shear
area, which is given by:
Av,z = A 2 b tf + (tw + 2 r) tf
2

Av,z = 6260 2 160 11,5 + (7,5 + 2 18) 11,5 = 3080 mm

EN 1993-1-1
6.2.6 (3)

t
g

CALCULATION SHEET

Sheet

Document Ref:

SX001a-EN-EU

Title

Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

Eurocode Ref

EN 1993-1-1

Made by

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Date

Dec 2004

Yvan Gala

Date

Dec 2004

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Checked by

EN 1993-1-1

Shear plastic resistance

Av, z ( f y / 3 )

Vpl, z, Rd =

M0

3080 (235 / 3 )
= 417,9 kN
1,0

6.2.6 (2)

Vz,Ed / Vpl,z,Rd = 63,50 / 417,9 = 0,152 < 1 OK

hw / tw 72 /

EN 1993-1-1

may be conservatively taken as 1.0

6.2.6 (6)

Note that the verification to shear buckling is not required when :

Note :

No M-V interaction has to be considered since the maximum moment

is obtained at mid-span and the maximum shear force is obtained at
supports. Generally for combined bending and shear see EN1993-1-1
6.2.8.

hw / tw = (330 2 11,5) / 7,5 = 40,9 < 72 1 / 1,0 = 72

S
a

Serviceability Limit State verification

SLS Combination

6.5.3

G + Q = 9,56 + 6,25 = 15,81 kN/m

EN 1990

n
r

Deflection due to G+Q :

5 (G + Q ) L4
5 15,81 (5700) 4
=
= 8,8 mm
384 E I y
384 210000 11770 10 4

o
e

w=

Note :

the limits of deflection should be specified by the client. The EN 1993-1-1

National Annex may specify some limits. Here the result may be 7.2.1
considered as fully satisfactory.

C
T

r
h

e
i

a
s

e
m

d
a

The deflection under (G+Q) is L/648 OK

Note 2 : concerning the vibration, the National Annex may specify limits
concerning the frequency. Here the total deflection is so low that
there is no problem of vibration.

EN 1993-1-1
7.2.3

Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

Example: Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

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RESOURCE TITLE

Simply supported laterally unrestrained beam

Reference(s)
ORIGINAL DOCUMENT
Name

Company

Date

Created by

Alain Bureau

CTICM

Technical content checked by

Yvan Gala

CTICM

Editorial content checked by

D C Iles

SCI

2/3/05

1. UK

G W Owens

SCI

1/3/05

2. France

A Bureau

CTICM

1/3/05

3. Sweden

A Olsson

SBI

1/3/05

4. Germany

C Mueller

RWTH

1/3/05

5. Spain

J Chica

Labein

1/3/05

G W Owens

SCI

21/05/06

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