Scribd
Upload
143 views

Synthetic Fibres and Plastics: Class - 8 Science

The document discusses various types of synthetic fibres and plastics. It provides details about nylon fibres which are very strong as demonstrated by their use for climbing ropes and parachutes. It also explains that plastics are favoured for food storage due to properties like being lightweight, low cost, strong and easy to handle. The document further distinguishes between thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics and explains why certain products like saucepan handles and electrical plugs are made of thermosetting plastics. It also provides a categorization of materials that can and cannot be recycled.

Uploaded by

lakshman bayana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
143 views

Synthetic Fibres and Plastics: Class - 8 Science

The document discusses various types of synthetic fibres and plastics. It provides details about nylon fibres which are very strong as demonstrated by their use for climbing ropes and parachutes. It also explains that plastics are favoured for food storage due to properties like being lightweight, low cost, strong and easy to handle. The document further distinguishes between thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics and explains why certain products like saucepan handles and electrical plugs are made of thermosetting plastics. It also provides a categorization of materials that can and cannot be recycled.

Uploaded by

lakshman bayana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Class – 8

Science

3. Synthetic Fibres and Plastics

1.Explain why some fibres are called synthetic.


A. 1) There are some fibres that are prepared by man by using chemicals.
2) These arecalled synthetic fibres.
3) These are made of small units that join together to form long chains.
Eg: rayon, nylon, polyester, acrylic, etc.
4.Give examples which indicate that nylon fibres are very strong.
A.1.Nylon fibres are very strong.
2. It is used for making ropes used for climbing rocksand for making parachutes.
3.Their usage shows that nylon fibres have high tensile strength.
5.Explain why plastic favoured for storing food.
A.The characteristics that make plastics favourable for storing food items are:
(i) Light weight
(ii) Lower price
(iii) Good strength
(iv) Easy handling
6 .Explain the difference between thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics.
A.Thereare two types of plastics: Thermosetting plastics and Thermoplastics.

Thermosetting plastic Thermoplastic


Thermosetting plastic cannot be bent
easily. It may break when forced to bend. Thermoplastic can be bent easily.
Thermosetting plastic cannot be softened
by heating. Thus, it cannot be reshaped Thermoplastic can be softened easily by
once moulded. heating. Thus, it can be reshaped.
7.Explain whythe following are made of thermosetting plastics
(a) Saucepan handles
(b) Electric plugs/switches/plug boards
A.(a) Saucepan handles are made of thermosetting plastics because these plastics
do not get softened on heating. Also, thermosetting plastics such as bakelite are
poor conductors of heat.
(b) Thermosetting plastics such as bakelite are poor conductors of heat
andelectricity. Therefore, they are used for making electric plugs, switches,
plugboards etc.
8.Categorize the materials of the following products into ‘can be recycled’ and ‘
cannot be recycled’.
A.Telephone instruments, plastic toys, cooker handles, carry bags, ball point pens,
plastic bowls, plastic covering on electrical wires, plastic chairs, electricalswitches.

Cannot be recycled Can be recycled


Telephone instruments Plastic toys
Cooker handles Plastic chairs
Electrical switches Carry bags
Plastic covering
on electrical wires
Ball point pens
Plastic bowls

9.Rana wants to buy shirts for summer. Should he buy cotton shirts or
shirts made from synthetic material? Advise Rana, giving your reason.
A.1)Rana should buy shirts made from cotton because cotton is a good
absorber of water.
2) It can soak the sweat coming out of our body and expose it to
the environment.
3)Thus, it helps in evaporating the liquid (sweat), thereby cooling
our body.
10.Give examples to show that plastics are non-corrosive in nature.
A. Plasticsare not corroded even if they come in contact with strong chemicals. This
is because of their non-reactive nature with most materials. For example, the
cleansing chemicals that we use at home are stored in plastic bottles, instead of
metal containers.
11.Should the handle and bristles of a tooth brush be made of the same material?
Explain your answer.
A. No, the handle and bristles of a tooth brush should be made of different materials.
The handle of a toothbrush should be hard and strong, while the bristles should be
soft and flexible.
12.‘Avoid plastics as far as possible’. Comment on this advice.
A. 1) Plastics are non-biodegradable.
2) Once introduced into the environment, they take several years to decompose.
3) Plastics add to the environmental pollution.
4) They cannot be burnt as when burnt, they release poisonous gases.
5) Plastic bags thrown in the garbage dump are swallowed by animals like cows.
6) These plastic bags choke their respiratory system and can even prove fatal.
7) Therefore, we shouldavoid plastics as far as possible.
14.‘Manufacturing synthetic fibres is actually helping conservation of forests’
Comment.
A.1) Raw materials for natural fibres are mainly derived from plants and this means
cutting a lot of trees.
2) This leads to deforestation. But raw materials of synthetic materials are mainly
petrochemicals.
3)Hence, manufacturing synthetic fibres help in the conservation of forests.

15.Describe an activity to show that thermoplastic is a poor conductor of


electricity.
A.1.We will design a circuit to see that thermoplastics are poor conductors of
electricity.
2. We need a bulb, some wires, a battery, a piece of metal, and a plastic pipe.
3. Set up the circuit first with the metal and then with the plastic pipe (as shown
in the figure).
4. After you switch on the current, you will observe that the bulb glowsin the former
case.
5. In the latter case, the bulb does not glow.
6. Hence, a plastic pipe(which is a thermoplastic) is shown to be a poor conductor
of electricity. 

Additional Questionand Answers

1. Write the preparation, Characteristics and uses of (a) Rayon (b) Nylon
2.Write an activity to show that the strength of different kinds of fibres.
A.1)Take an iron stand with a clamp.
2)Take a cotton thread of about 60 cm length.
3)Tie it to the clamp so that it hangs freely from it.
4)At the free end suspend a pan.
5)Add weights one by one till the thread breaks.
6) Note down the total weight required to break the thread, which indicates the
strength of the fibre.
7)Repeat the same activity with threads of wool, polyster, silk and nylon.
Tabulate the data

3.Give methods by which pollution due to plastics can be solved.


A. Pollution due to plastics can be solved by following methods :
1. Avoid the use of plastics as far as possible.
2. Use bags, made of jute or cloth.
3. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes should be separated and disposed off
separately.
4. Plastics should be recycled and reused.
4.How is plastic useful in healthcare industry ?
A. In healthcare, plastics are used
1) for packaging of tablets
2) as threads for stitching wounds
3) in syringes
4) doctor gloves
5) for making a number of medical instruments.
5.What are the disadvantages of wearing synthetic fabrics ?
A. 1) Synthetic fabric catches fire very easily.
2) It melts and sticks to the body of the person.
3) During summer, synthetic fibres do not absorb sweat and a person wearing it
feels uncomfortable.
6.Differentiate between biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials.

Biodegradable Materials Non-biodegradable Materials


(i) A meterial which gets (i) A material which does not get
decomposed through natural decomposed by natural processes.
processes, such as action of
bacteria.
(ii) e.g., cotton or jute. (ii) e.g., plastics.

7.A person has to make a non-stick pan. He has three types of plastic-Bakelite, Teflon
and PVC. Which plastic will he use for coating and why ?
A.The person will use Teflon because it is not affected by heat and does not react chemically
with other substances.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy