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葉綠素

出自維基百科,自由嘅百科全書
顯微鏡下嘅葉綠素

葉綠素jip6 luk6 sou3英文chlorophyll)係植物入面嘅綠色色素,負責做光合作用

消耗

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葉綠素可以隨時間而消耗:葉綠素幫植物吸收太陽光,用陽光中嘅能量,由H2O)同二氧化碳CO2)呢啲原材料嗰度製造糖份俾樖植物用嚟做嘢食,而呢啲糖份會為植物提供佢哋生長同發育所需嘅所有碳水化合物;喺呢過程當中,葉綠素會受到分解-光合作用會消耗葉綠素。不過喺生長季節,植物能夠補充流失咗嘅葉綠素[1],令到啲葉保持綠色[2]

分解

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夏天結束所伴隨嘅環境變化會令到葉嘅葉綠素含量下跌:喺夏天就快結束嗰陣,日頭會變短,溫度會跌,葉上面嘅葉脈(喺維管束植物嘅葉當中負責運送水份營養嘅管道)會慢慢噉收細,於是塊葉嘅水份同礦物質吸收會慢慢噉下跌,而隨住葉綠素嘅消耗同時葉綠素嘅吸收跌,葉綠素嘅含量亦都會開始跌[2]

紅葉嘅出現同捕光複合物 II(light-harvesting complex II,LHC II)好有關。LHC II 喺光合作用當中負責吸收陽光,位於葉綠體嘅類囊體(thylakoid)膜嗰度,由多種蛋白質(包括咗葉綠素 a 同 b)組成;喺秋天嗰時,分解葉綠素嘅酵素會令到葉綠素 b 變成葉綠素 a [3];呢個過程會造成捕光複合物變得唔穩定,最後搞到組成 LHC II 嘅某啲蛋白質分解,最後引致葉入面嘅葉綠素量急跌[4]

葉綠素嘅分解最後嘅結果係葉會變色。隨住葉綠素分解,葉綠素會變成冇顏色嘅化合物四吡咯(tetrapyrroles),而隨住綠色量下跌,葉入面本嚟有嘅第啲色素,好似係黃色嘅葉黃素類(xanthophylls)同橙色嘅 β-胡蘿蔔素(beta-carotene)嘅顏色會開始顯眼,而且喺某啲情況下,一半嘅葉綠素分解咗之後,紅色嘅花色素苷(anthocyanins)會開始產生[5];同時樖植物會將捕光複合物分解所產生嘅氨基酸儲起喺根、枝、同幹嗰度,用嚟喺冬天用,而下年就可能攞呢啲氨基酸嚟重整綠葉[6]

實驗室入面提煉出嚟嘅葉綠素(沉喺底嘅綠色液體)同埋類胡蘿蔔素(浮喺面嘅黃色液體)

睇埋

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  1. Smith, L. W. (1944). Chlorophyll: An experimental study of its water-soluble derivatives: IV. The effect of water-soluble chlorophyll derivatives and other agents upon the growth of fibroblasts in tissue culture. The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 29(3), 241-246.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Matile, P. (2000). Biochemistry of Indian summer: physiology of autumnal leaf coloration. Experimental gerontology, 35(2), 145-158.
  3. Horie, Y.; Ito, H.; Kusaba, M.; Tanaka, R.; Tanaka, A. (2009). "Participation of Chlorophyll b Reductase in the Initial Step of the Degradation of Light-harvesting Chlorophyll a/b-Protein Complexes in Arabidopsis". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (26): 17449–56.
  4. Zelisko, A.; Garcia-Lorenzo, M.; Jackowski, G.; Jansson, S.; Funk, C. (2005). "AtFtsH6 is involved in the degradation of the light-harvesting complex II during high-light acclimation and senescence". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (38): 13699–704.
  5. Hortensteiner, S. (2006). "Chlorophyll degradation during senescence". Annual Review of Plant Biology. 57: 55–77.
  6. Chapin III, F. S., Schulze, E. D., & Mooney, H. A. (1990). The ecology and economics of storage in plants. Annual review of ecology and systematics, 21(1), 423-447.
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