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Understandingtheself According To Philosphy

understanding the self according to philosophy

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15 views

Understandingtheself According To Philosphy

understanding the self according to philosophy

Uploaded by

jokiden16
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GE – 101 UNDERSTANDING THE SELF

BY: MARICEL M. AGUILAR-FAYTAREN, LLB, LPT

NATURE, CONCEPT AND MEANING OF SELF

The meaning of understanding the self is having insight


into one's own behavior, attitudes, strengths, and
weakness. It is the individual's ability to say and know
what he or she is good at or needs improvement. Self-
understanding is one of the highest goals in psychology.
NETFLIX

LESSON 1
DEFINITION OF
THE SELF:
PHILOSOPHICAL
• What is the role of philosophy in understanding the
self?

JOURNEY
• What are the different concepts of the self from the
philosophical view?
• What are the various concepts of the self and
identify their similarities?
• How to develop your own philosophy of the self?
what is
philosophy?
PHILOSOPHY IS ABOUT
Finding answers to serious questions about
ourselves and about the world we live in:
What is morally right and wrong? And why?
What is a good life?
Does God exist?
What is the mind? And much, much more
Questioning existing knowledge and intuitions to
get closer to the truth.
What will you get out of
philosophy?
The skills are critical thinking
skills, argument skills,
communication, reasoning,
problem solving, analysis and
much more.
You can justify your opinion and
spot a bad argument what ever
the topic is. You can explain to
people why you are right and they
are wrong. Lastly, philosophy
basically teaches you to think.
PYTHAGORA
OF SAMOS
An Ionian Greek PHILOSOPHER

The first to use


the word
philosopy
The origin of The people tend to
search for truth
philosophy and Search is to look for
something
logic Search for meaning
Search for answers
Search for
importance
Search for
significance
Search for value
Search for
relevance
PHILOSOPHY
AND THE SELF

HYPATIA OF ALEXANDRIA
Ancient Greek philosopher,
mathematician and astronomer
“KNOW THYSELF”

“AN UNEXAMINED
LIFE IS NOT WORTH
LIVING”

Philosophers agree that self-knowledge is a


prerequisite to a happy and meaningful life.

SOCRATES
EVERY MAN IS DUALISTIC
WE ARE COMPOSED OF
BODY AND A SOUL
THERE ARE TWO IMPORTANT ASPECT OF
PERSONHOOD

THE BODY WHICH IS IMPERFECT AND


IMPERMANENT

AND THE SOUL, PERFECT AND PERMANENT.


SOCRATES’ TWO DICHOTOMOUS REALMS

The Physical The Ideal


Realm realm
Changeable, Unchanging,
transient and eternal and
imperfect immortal

The body belongs The soul belong


to this realm to this realm
Socrates was the first thinker to focus on the
full power of reason on the human self

WHO WE ARE, WHO WE SHOULD BE, AND WHO


WE WILL BECOME.

The soul strives for wisdom and perfection, and


reason is the soul’s tool to achieve an exalted
state of life.

Our preoccupation with bodily needs such as


food, drink, sex, pleasure, material
possessions, and wealth keep us from attaining
wisdom.

A person can have a meaningful and happy life


only if he becomes virtuous and knows the
value of himself that can be achieve through
constant soul-searching.

For him, this is best achieved when one tries to


Plato: the human soul is immortal

• He is a student of Socrates
• The philosophy of the self
can be explained as a
process of self-knowledge
and purification of the soul.
• He believed that in the
existence of the mind and
soul
• Mind and soul is given in
perfection with God plato
Plato: the human soul has 3 parts

1. Rational Soul
• reason and intellect
• divine essence that
enables
us to think deeply, make
wise choices, and achieve a
true
understanding of eternal
truths
plato
Plato: the human soul has 3 parts

2. Spirited Soul
• emotion and passion

• basic emotions such


as love, anger
ambition, empathy,
and
aggressiveness.

plato
Plato: the human soul has 3 parts

3. Appetitive Soul
• basic needs

• includes our basic


biological needs
such as hunger, thirst,
and
sexual desire.

plato
Plato: the human soul has 3 parts
theses three elements of ourselves
are
in a dynamic relationship with one
another, sometimes in conflict.

When conflict occurs, Plato believes


that it is the responsibility of our
reason to sort things out and exert
control, restoring a harmonious
relationship among the three
elements
plato
Plato: the human soul has 3 parts

Plato believes that genuine


happiness can only be
achieved by people who
consistently make sure that
their reason is in control of
their spirits and appetites.

plato
Aristotle: the soul is the essence of the self

• A student of Plato
• The body and soul are not
two separate elements
but are one thing
• The soul is simply the
form of the body and is
not capable of existing
without the body
aristotle
Aristotle: the soul is the essence of the self
• The soul is that which
makes a person a person.
The soul is the essence of
the self
• Aristotle suggest that the
rational nature of the self
is to lead a good,
flourishing, and fulfilling
life.
Aristotle • Without the body, the soul
cannot exist, the soul dies
Aristotle: the soul is the essence of the self

The soul and the body, I


suggest react
sympathetically upon each
other. A change in the state
of the soul produces a
change in the shape of the
body and conversely, a
change in the shape of the
body produces a change in
Aristotle the state of the soul.
Aristotle: the soul is the essence of the self

• Aristotle suggested that


anything with life has soul
• His discussion about the
self centers on the kinds
of soul possessed by a
man
• He introduced the three
kinds of soul
Aristotle
Aristotle: the three kinds of soul
1. Vegetative Soul
includes the physical body that
can grow
2. Sentient Soul
includes the sensual desires,
feelings, and emotions.
3. Rational Soul
is what makes a man human. It
includes the intellect that makes
man know and understand
aristotle
things
Aristotle: the three kinds of soul

1. Vegetative Soul is for


plant reproduction and
growth
2. Sensitive Soul is for
animals
mobility and sensation
3. Rational Soul is for
humans
aristotle thought and reflection
St. Augustine: I am doubting, therefore I am

• Integrate the ideas of Plato and


Christianity
• Augustine’s view of the human
person reflects the entire spirit
of the medieval world
• The soul is united with the body
so that man may be entire and
complete ST. AUGUSTIN
• Believed humankind is created
in the image and likeness of
St. Augustine: I am doubting, therefore I am

• Therefore, the human person


being a creation of God is
always geared towards the good
• The self is known only through
knowing God
• Self-knowledge is a
consequence of knowledge of
God

ST. AUGUSTINE
St. Augustine: I am doubting, therefore I am

“Knowledge can only


come by seeing the truth
that dwells within us”

ST. AUGUSTINE
RENE DESCARTES: I think therefore, I am
Cogito ergo sum

“the act of thinking about


self – of being self-
conscious is in itself proof
that there is self”

Rene descartes
RENE DESCARTES’ two distinct entities

1. COGITO – The thing that


thinks
the mind

2. EXTENZA – The
extension
the body
Rene descartes
JOHN LOCKE: THE SELF IS CONSCIOUSNESS

• The human mind at birth is


tabula rasa
or blank slate, his theory of
knowledge

• He felt that the self is


constructed primarily from
sense experience
JOHN LOCKE
JOHN LOCKE: THE SELF IS CONSCIOUSNESS

• Locke theorized that when a


person is
born, the baby know
absolutely nothing

• In essence, he a argued that


the inside of a baby’s brain
was empty and ready to learn
JOHN LOCKE
JOHN LOCKE: THE SELF IS CONSCIOUSNESS

• CONSCIOUSNESS
Necessary to have a
coherent personal identity or
knowledge of the self as a
person.

what makes possible our


belief that we are the same
JOHN LOCKE
DAVID HUME: THERE IS NO SELF

• Self is simply a bundle or


collection of different
perceptions, which
succeed each other with
an inconceivable rapidly
are in a perpetual flux David Hum
and movement
• The idea of personal
identity is a result of
imagination
• The ego is not master in
its own house
• Man is governed by 2
drives: Eros and
Thanatos
• Three provinces of the
mind: Id, ego and
superego
Sigmund Freud: The ego is not master in its
own house
Immanuel kant • Self is not just what
gives one his personality
but also the seat of
knowledge acquisition
for all human persons.
• The self construct its
own reality creating a
world that is familiar and
predictable.
• Through our rationality,
Immanuel kant : We construct
the selfthe self
transcends
GILBERT RYLE: THE SELF IS THE WAY PEO
BEHAVE
• Self is not an entity one
can locate and analyze
but simply the
convenient name that
people use to refer to all
the behaviors that
people make.
• “I act therefore, I am”, in
short, the self is the GILBERT RYLE
same as bodily behavior
Paul churchland: the self is the brain

• Self is inseparable from


the brain and the
physiology of the body
• All we have is the brain
and so, if the brain is
gone, there is no self
• The physical brain and
not the imaginary mind,
Paul churchland gives us our sense of
self
• The mind-body
bifurcation that has been
going on for a long time
is a futile endeavor and
an invalid problem.
• All knowledge of our
selves and our world is Maurice
based on subjective Merleau-Ponty:
experience The self is
• The self can never truly embodied
objectified or known in a subjectivity
completely objective

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