Chapter 2

 D-Link Switch Operation

[Chapter 2: D-Link Switch Operation]

Version 1.0
 Chapter 2
 D-Link Switch Operation

Overview
 By the end of this chapter, you will have learned about:
• D-Link products and technology
• D-Link solutions
• Connecting to the switch
• D-Link Web-based switch configuration
 This new knowledge will be consolidated by a hands-on exercise.

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Complete Product Offerings 6600/7200/8000 Series

xStack Series

Chassis Switch
• 4-slot/6-slot/10-slot
DES-3000 Series xStack Switch • Gigabit & 10G Ethernet
DGS-3100 Series • 19” rack mountable
Perforance

DES-DGS-1100 Series
• 10/18/28/52 port
DES/DGS-1200 Series • 10/100, Gigabit & 10G • L3+
Ethernet • Full Management
• 19” rack mountable Features
DES/DGS-1000 Series
• L2+/ L3+ • High Redundancy
Std Managed • Full Management HW/SW design
Switch Features • Complete Security
Smart Switch • D-Link SIM Support Features
Unmanaged • 8/ 16/ 24/ 48 port • Complete Security • Comprehensive QoS
Switch • 10/100 & Gigabit Ethernet Features Control
• 16/ 24/ 48 port • 11”/ 19” rack mountable • Comprehensive QoS
• 5/ 8/ 16/ 24/ 48 port
• 10/100 & Gigabit • CLI, Web, SNMP support Control
• 10/100 & Gigabit
Ethernet • 802.1D/X/Q, RMON .. • Safeguard Engine
Ethernet
• Desktop size, 11”/ 19” 19” rack mountable
• • Cost effective management embedded
• Web manageable switch • ZoneDefense with
rack mountable
• Quality & Stable • Management features at NetDefend Firewall
• Cable Diagnostics near Unmanaged price
Support *

* Available on DGS-1005/08/26/24D
Price
 Chapter 2
 D-Link Switch Operation

Complete Product Offerings 6600/7200/8000 Series

xStack Series

Chassis Switch
• 4-slot/6-slot/10-slot
DES-3000 Series xStack Switch • Gigabit & 10G Ethernet
DGS-3100 Series • 19” rack mountable
Perforance

DES-DGS-1100 Series
• 10/18/28/52 port
DES/DGS-1200 Series • 10/100, Gigabit & 10G • L3+
Ethernet • Full Management
• 19” rack mountable Features
DES/DGS-1000 Series
• L2+/ L3+ • High Redundancy
Std Managed • Full Management HW/SW design
Switch Features • Complete Security
Smart Switch • D-Link SIM Support Features
Unmanaged • 8/ 16/ 24/ 48 port • Complete Security • Comprehensive QoS
Switch • 10/100 & Gigabit Ethernet Features Control
• 16/ 24/ 48 port • 11”/ 19” rack mountable • Comprehensive QoS
• 5/ 8/ 16/ 24/ 48 port
• 10/100 & Gigabit • CLI, Web, SNMP support Control
• 10/100 & Gigabit
Ethernet • 802.1D/X/Q, RMON .. • Safeguard Engine
Ethernet
• Desktop size, 11”/ 19” 19” rack mountable
• • Cost effective management embedded
• Web manageable switch • ZoneDefense with
rack mountable
• Quality & Stable • Management features at NetDefend Firewall
• Cable Diagnostics near Unmanaged price
Support *

* Available on DGS-1005/08/26/24D
Price
 Chapter 2
 D-Link Switch Operation

D-Link Switch Product Overview

 Unmanaged Switches
 Smart Switches
 Standard Managed Switches
 xStack Switches
 Chassis Switches
 Chapter 2
 D-Link Switch Operation

D-Link Unmanaged Switches

 DES-1000 Series

DES-1005D DES-1008D

DES-1016E DES-1016D DES-1024D

 DGS-1000 Series

DGS-1005D DGS-1008D

DGS-1016D DGS-1024D
 Chapter 2
 D-Link Switch Operation

D-Link Low-Cost Unmanaged Switches

 DES-1000 Series
DES-1005A DES-1008A

DES-1016A DES-1024A
 Chapter 2
 D-Link Switch Operation

Unmanaged Switches
 D-Link provides two series of unmanaged switch categories: DES-
1000 for Fast Ethernet and DGS-1000 for Gigabit Ethernet.
 D-Link Unmanaged Gigabit Switches provide advanced and unique
features which are not available in competitors’ products of the
same category. These features include:
• D-Link’s Green Technology
– Green technology is designed to conserve energy and decrease energy cost
through the reduction of power consumption*. Furthermore, IEEE 802.3az
Energy Efficient Ethernet has been gradually implemented.
• Cable Diagnostics Function
– This function efficiently detects the cable condition and its common faults.
• IEEE 802.1p QoS
– It ensures an optimal experience for applications that require separate
priority traffic.
• Jumbo Frame
– It transmits data in fewer frames and results in lesser overheads, lower
processing time and fewer interruptions.
* Energy savings through Green Technology may vary by D-Link product.
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D-Link EasySmart Switches

 DES-1100 Series

DES-1100-16 DES-1100-24

 DGS-1100 Series

DGS-1100-16 DGS-1100-24
 Chapter 2
 D-Link Switch Operation

D-Link Smart Switches

 DES-1210 Series

DES-1210-08P DES-1210-28 DES-1210-28P DES-1210-52

 DGS-1210 Series

DGS-1210-10P DGS-1210-16 DGS-1210-24 DGS-1210-48

 DGS-1200 Series

DGS-1224TP
 Chapter 2
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Smart Switches
 Smart Switches suits SMBs and enterprises for the functionalities,
ease-of-management and security solutions.

 D-Link provides complete Fast Ethernet (DES-1210 series) and

Gigabit Ethernet (DGS-1210 series) Smart Switch portfolios with
16, 24 and 48 port switches, plus PoE models.

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D-Link Standard Managed Switches

• DES-3000 Series

DES-3010F DES-3010G DES-3026

• DES-3028/52 Series

DES-3028 DES-3028P DES-3052 DES-3052P

• DGS-3100 Series

DGS-3100-24 DGS-3100-24P DGS-3100-24TG

DGS-3100-48
DGS-3100-48P
 Chapter 2
 D-Link Switch Operation

Standard Managed Switches

 D-Link provides three series of Standard Managed Switch
categories: DES-3000, DES-3028/52 for Fast Ethernet, and DGS-
3100 for Gigabit Ethernet.

 D-Link Standard Managed Switches provide not only appealing

prices but also a comprehensive feature set and a complete
product portfolio.

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D-Link Layer 2/Layer 2+ xStack Switches

 Fast Ethernet Switches, DES-3200 series, DES-3528/52 series

DES-3200-10 DES-3200-26 DES-3200-28F DES-3528/28DC/28P

DES-3200-18 DES-3200-28 DES-3552/52P

Layer 2 Layer 2+
 Chapter 2
 D-Link Switch Operation

D-Link Layer 2/Layer 2+ xStack Switches

 Gigabit Ethernet Switches, DGS-3200 series, DGS-3120, DGS-3400, and DGS-
3420 series

DGS-3200-10 DGS-3120-24TC/24PC DGS-3120-24TC/24PC DGS-3426/26P DGS-3420-28TC

/28PC/28SC

DGS-3200-16 DGS-3120-48TC/48PC
DGS-3120-48TC/48PC DGS-3427 DGS-3420-26SC

DGS-3200-24 DGS-3120-24SC
/24SC-DC DGS-3120-24SC DGS-3450 DGS-3420-52T/52P
/24SC-DC
With Standard Image With Enhanced Image

Layer 2 Layer 2+
 Chapter 2
 D-Link Switch Operation

D-Link Layer 2/Layer 2+ xStack Switches

 Gigabit Ethernet Switches, DGS-3200 series, DGS-3120, DGS-3400, and DGS-
3420 series

DGS-3200-10 DGS-3120-24TC/24PC DGS-3120-24TC/24PC DGS-3426/26P DGS-3420-28TC

/28PC/28SC

DGS-3200-16 DGS-3120-48TC/48PC
DGS-3120-48TC/48PC DGS-3427 DGS-3420-26SC

DGS-3200-24 DGS-3120-24SC
/24SC-DC DGS-3120-24SC DGS-3450 DGS-3420-52T/52P
/24SC-DC
With Standard Image With Enhanced Image

Layer 2 Layer 2+
 Chapter 2
 D-Link Switch Operation

D-Link Layer 3 xStack Switches

• Fast Ethernet Switches, DES-3800 series

DES-3810-28 DES-3810-52
• Gigabit Ethernet Switches, DGS-3600 series

DGS-3612
DGS-3650 DGS-3620-28TC/28TC-DC DGS-3460-52T/52P
/28PC

DGS-3612G

DGS-3620-28SC/28SC-DC

DGS-3627/27G
 Chapter 2
 D-Link Switch Operation

xStack Switches

 xStack Switches are D-Link’s fully featured managed switches

designed for Enterprise, Campus and Telco networks.

 xStack is targeted to compete with HP ProCurve and Cisco

Catalyst Switches.

 xStack Switches provide the most complete feature set for robust
security, high availability and comprehensive QoS control.

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D-Link Chassis Switches

• 4-slot Chassis Switches, DGS-6600 series

DGS-6604

• 6-slot /10-slot DES-7200 series • 6-slot /10-slot DGS-8000 series

DES-7206 DES-7210 DGS-8006 DGS-8010

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Chassis Switches

 D-Link provides three series of Chassis Switch categories: DGS-

6600 for single Control Module; DES-7200 for Dual Control
Modules; DGS-8000 for Dual Control Modules and non-blocking
forwarding.

 D-Link Chassis switches are alternatives to stackable L3

management switches with multiple power supplies for
redundancy & load sharing and Hot-swappable modular design.

 D-Link Chassis switches deliver resilient, high performance,

multilayer Gigabit and 10Gigabit connectivity, fulfilling the needs
of enterprise, carrier and data center.

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Green Ethernet

• D-Link’s Green Ethernet technology conserve the power by:

 Optimizing the H/W design
 Port link status
 Detecting the length of connected Ethernet cable
 Schedular or manual PoE port power feeding control*
 Schedular or manual LED light control*
 Schedular or manual port shut-off control*
 Schedular or manual port standby control*
 Schedular or manual system hibernation control*
 IEEE802.3az Energy Efficiency Ethernet (EEE)

* Only on smart and managed switch

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Energy Efficiency Ethernet (EEE)

 The links of desktop-to-switches/desktops/servers are mostly idle. Typical utilization is

less than 1%. Considerable power is consumed even at low utilization.
 Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) reduces power consumption during idle 1 periods.

Active Idle Active

Max. Power EEE Low

Max.Power
Power State Max. Power

 The 802.3az Task Force estimated a potential 75% power savings at the chipset
level with EEE-capable technology.
 EEE is active in the 100BASE-TX (Full Duplex) and 1000Base-T modes. It is not
active on fiber ports.

1
Idle: no data traffic over the Ethernet link
 Chapter 2
 D-Link Switch Operation

Other Commitment for Green Products

• Stricter request than RoHS directive for Pb, Hg, Cd, Cr6+, PBB, PBDE

• Comply with Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) directives

• Only take power adapters with Energy Star Level V certified
• Comply with EuP (Europe) and Top Runner (JPN) directive
• Discover the product Carbon Footprint of ISO14067/PAS2050*

*Please refer to D-Link Green website for more details.

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D-Link D-View Network Management System

 D-View is a comprehensive standard-based SNMP network management
system designed for central management of D-Link and most SNMP-supported
devices.

 D-View provides useful tools to allow network administrators to effectively

manage device configurations, fault tolerance, performance and security.

 Two editions are available: Standard and Professional.

Edition Standard Professional

Architecture Standalone Client-Server

User Login Single user login Multiple user login

Nodes Support 1000 5000

Database Support Microsoft Access Microsoft SQL

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D-View 6.0 Technology and Feature Highlight

● Periodical device polling and Auto-generated network topology maps

● Graphical presentation of real-time status of devices with color display of status

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D-View 6.0 Technology and Feature Highlight

● Able to configure multiple devices at one time

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D-View 6.0 Technology and Feature Highlights

 Centralized management of D-Link’s E2ES (End-to-End Security)
solution*
 Manages wireless switches, and Access Points *
 Scheduled data collection and report generation
 Client-server architecture allows multiple users to log in at the same
time from different locations

* These features are supported by D-View E2ES Management Module & Wireless Management Module.
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D-View Modules

D-View Modules are standalone programs which provide the GUI to

show the status of device panel and help users simplify the
configuration tasks

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D-View Management Modules

 D-View Management Modules
 D-View Wireless Management Module
 D-View E2ES Management Module

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Components of D-Link E2ES

 D-Link innovates comprehensive security technology aiming to
provide end-to-end threat containment and security protection
solutions, which consist of the following three components:
• Gateway Security
– D-Link UTM Firewalls
• Endpoint Security
– Enhanced security features on xStack
• Joint Security
– Microsoft NAP
– D-Link ZoneDefense

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 Chapter 2
 D-Link Switch Operation

End-to-End Security (E2ES) Solution

Endpoint Security Gateway Security
Protect the internal network
from the inside attacks Protect the internal network
from the outside attacks

Joint Security
Collaborate D-Link switches
with UTM/Firewalls or 3rd party
software, providing secure
and integrated network.

31 Enterprise Network
 Chapter 2
 D-Link Switch Operation

D-Link End-to-End Security (E2ES) Solutions

 Endpoint Security  Joint Security
• Authentication • D-Link ZoneDefense
– 802.1X • Microsoft Network Access Protection
– MAC-based Access Control
(NAP)
– Web-based Access Control (Captive
Portal)
• Authorization
– Dynamic VLAN Assignment  Gateway Security
– Guest VLAN • NetDefend UTM Firewalls
– Identity-based VLAN/Security/QoS
• Traffic Control
– Traffic Segmentation
– Access Control List (ACL)
– Loopback Detection
• Node/Address Control
– Port Security
– IP-MAC-Port Binding
• Attack Mitigation
– High level ACL
– IP-MAC-Port Binding
– Broadcast Storm Control
– MAC blackhole
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D-Link E2ES: Gateway Security Solution

 NetDefend UTM Firewall Family
• ICSA Labs certified
• Integrated Firewall/VPN appliance with outstanding performance
• Unified Threat Management
– Intrusion Prevention Service (IPS)
– Anti-Virus (AV) Protection
– Web Content Filtering (WCF)
– Anti-Spam
• Joint Security with xStack Switches via unique ZoneDefense technology

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D-Link E2ES: Endpoint Security Solution

 Numerous security features are added to the xStack switch to achieve
threat control and containment, ensuring malicious traffic can be stopped at
the edge of the network.
 Proven success in ETTH/FTTB, campus networks and enterprise markets.

xStack Switch Endpoint Security Features

Web-Based Access MAC-Based Access

Authentication 802.1X Authentication
Control (WAC) Control (MAC)
Dynamic VLAN Identity-Based VLAN /
Authorization Guest VLAN
Assignment Security / QoS
Access Control List Loopback Detection
Traffic Control Traffic Segmentation
(ACL) (LBD)
Node / Address
Port Security IP-MAC-Port Binding
Control
Broadcast Storm
Attack Mitigation L2-L7 ACL IP-MAC-Port Binding
Control

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D-Link E2ES: Joint Security Solution

 What can D-Link Joint Security provide?
• A complete integrated solution that provides access control and real time
defense.
 This solution has two robust features:
• Microsoft NAP
– Evaluation of security compliance before allowing to access to the
network
– Quarantine and remediation for non-compliant users
– Identity-based network admission control
• D-Link ZoneDefense
– Any malicious traffic is detected by the NetDefend firewall, which
triggers the xStack switches to block the traffic immediately.
– ZoneDefense technology makes NetDefend firewalls and xStack
switches to jointly work as a big virtual security system. The
NetDefend firewall is in charge of traffic inspection while the xStack
switches perform filtering at port level.
 Chapter 2
 D-Link Switch Operation

D-Link E2ES – Joint Security Solution

● Microsoft Network Access Protection (NAP) collaborates with D-Link Switches

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Page is Animated 36
 Chapter 2
 D-Link Switch Operation

D-Link E2ES – Joint Security Solution

● D-Link ZoneDefense
How D-Link ZoneDefense works:
When any malicious attack happens, D-Link ZoneDefense will
be triggered and the D-Link Firewall will instruct the xStack
Switch to block the client who triggers the attack.

A client is infected by
virus and is performing Wireless
brute force attacks
Guest System Health
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Page is Animated 37
 Chapter 2
 D-Link Switch Operation

Accessing and Configuring

the Switch

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Introduction to Switch Management

 This system may be managed out-of-band through the console port
on the front panel or in-band using Telnet.
 The user may also choose Web-based management, accessible
through a Web browser.

Front view of DES-3528

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Using the Console

 The DES-3528 and DGS-3627 Series support a console
management interface that allows the user to connect to the
Switch’s management agent via a serial port and a terminal or a
computer running a terminal emulation program.
 The console can also be used over the network using the TCP/IP
Telnet protocol.
 The console program can be used to configure the Switch to use an
SNMP-based network management software over the network.

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Web-based Management Interface

 After you have successfully installed the Switch, you can configure
it, monitor the LED panel, and display statistics graphically using a
Web browser, such as Mozilla Firefox or Microsoft® Internet Explorer
(version 6.0 or later).

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SNMP-based Management
 You can manage the Switch with an SNMP-compatible console
program.
 The Switch supports SNMP versions 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0.
 The SNMP agent decodes the incoming SNMP messages and
responds to requests with MIB objects stored in the database.
 The SNMP agent updates the MIB objects to generate statistics and
counters.

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Connecting the Console Port (RS-232 DCE)

 The Switch provides an RS-232 serial port that enables a connection

to a computer or terminal for monitoring and configuring the
Switch.
 This port is a female DB-9 connector, implemented as a data
communications equipment (DCE) connection.

Your terminal parameters

will need to be set to:
• VT-100 compatible
Console Port • 115200 baud
• 8 data bits
• No parity
• One stop bit
• No flow control

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Initial Screen after First Connection

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First Time Connecting to the Switch

 When you first connect to the Switch, you will be presented with the
first login screen.
 Press Enter for both the Username and Password fields. You will be
given access to the command prompt which shows the Switch
model. Example: DES-3528:admin# or DGS-3627:admin#
 There is no initial user name or password. Leave the Username and
Password fields blank.
 Note: The passwords used to access the Switch are case-sensitive;
therefore, “A” is not the same as “a”.

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Command Prompt

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Password Protection
 The Switch does not have a default user name and password. One
of the first tasks when setting up the Switch is to create user
accounts.
 After your initial login, define new passwords for both default user
names to prevent unauthorized access to the Switch, and record the
passwords for future reference.

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Create account command

DGS-3627:admin#
create account [admin | operator | user] <username
15>

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Show account command

 To display the accounts that have been created.
DGS-3627:admin#
show account

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Delete account command

 To delete an existing account.
DGS-3627:admin#
delete account <username>

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To enable or disable password encryption

DGS-3627:admin#
enable password encryption
 To enable password encryption.

DGS-3627:admin#
disable password encryption
 To disable password encryption.

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Password Recovery
 The reset password command resets the password of
the specified user. If a user name is not specified, the
password of all users will be reset.
Password Recovery Mode>
reset password {<username>}

Note: Boot up the Switch and

press Shift+6 to enter
“Password Recovery Mode”.

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Show switch command

 This command displays general information about the Switch.

DGS-3627:admin#
show switch

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Show device_status command

 This command displays the switch’s power and fan status.

DGS-3627:admin#
show device_status

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Show serial port command

 This command displays the serial port settings on the Switch.

DGS-3627:admin#
show serial_port

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Show utilization flash command

DGS-3627:admin#
show utilization flash

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Show utilization cpu command

DGS-3627:admin#
show utilization cpu

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Show utilization dram command

DGS-3627:admin#
show utilization dram

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Show greeting_message command

 This command is used to view the currently configured greeting
message on the Switch.

DGS-3627:admin#
show greeting_message

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Show session command

 This command displays a list of all the users that are logged in at
the time the command is issued.
DGS-3627:admin#
show session

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Config ipif System command

 This command is used to change the system IP address.
DGS-3627:admin#
config ipif System ipaddress <ipaddress/prefix>

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Ping command
 This command is used to test the connectivity between network
devices .
DGS-3627:admin#
ping [<ipaddr> | <domain_name 255>] {times <value 1-
255> | timeout <sec 1-99> | source_ip <ipaddr>}

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Enable telnet command

 This command is used to enable communication and management
of the Switch using the Telnet protocol.

DGS-3627:admin#
enable telnet <tcp_port_number <value 1-65535>

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Telnet command
 This command is used to log in to remote devices through the
network.

DGS-3627:admin#
telnet <ipaddr> {tcp_port<value 1-65535}

Note: Use logout command

to end the Telnet session.

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Enable ssh command

 This command is used to log in securely to remote devices through
the network.

DGS-3627:admin#
enable ssh

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ssh command

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Disable ssh command

 This command is used to disable secure login to remote devices
through the network.

DGS-3627:admin#
disable ssh

Note:
Remember to enable Telnet
after disabling ssh.

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To enable or disable HTTP

DGS-3627:admin#
enable web 80
 To enable HTTP and configure the port number.

DGS-3627:admin#
disable web
 To disable HTTP.

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Save command
 This command is used to save changes in the Switch’s configuration
to non-volatile RAM.

DGS-3627:admin#
save {[config<config_id 1-2>|log|all]}

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Reboot command
 This command is used to restart the Switch.

DGS-3627:admin#
reboot

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Reset command
 This command is used to reset the Switch to the factory default
settings.

DGS-3627:admin#
reset {[config | system]}{force_agree}

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Login and logout commands

DGS-3627:admin#
login
 To initiate the login procedure. The user will be
prompted for a Username and Password.

DGS-3627:admin#
logout
 To terminate the current user’s session on the Switch’s
console.

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Config command_prompt command

 This command is used to change the command prompt.

DGS-3627:admin#
config command_prompt[<string16>|username|default]

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Show ports command

 This command is used to display the current configuration of a
range of ports.
DGS-3627:admin#
show ports

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Config ports command

DGS-3627:admin#
config ports <portlist> state disable
 To disable a particular port on the Switch.

DGS-3627:admin#
config ports <portlist> state enable
 To enable a particular port on the Switch.

Note: Remember to use show ports

command to check the port’s state.

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Show command_history command

 This command is used to display the command history.

DGS-3627:admin#
show command_history

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Getting Help
 Entering the ? command will display a list of all of the top-level
commands.

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Command Parameter Help

 When users enter a command without its required parameters, the
CLI will prompt users with a Next possible completions:
message.

DGS-3627:admin#
config account <username>
 To configure a user account
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Using the Up Arrow to Re-enter a Command

 To re-enter the previous command at the command prompt, press
the Up Arrow cursor key. The previous command will appear at
the command prompt.

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Unrecognized commands
 If a command is entered that is unrecognized by the CLI, the top-
level commands will be displayed under the Available commands:
prompt.

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Ambiguous token
 If a command entered is not completed, an Ambiguous token:
message will appear.

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Command Line Editing

Delete Deletes character to the right of the cursor.
Backspace Deletes character to the left of the cursor.
Left Arrow Moves the cursor to the left.
Right Arrow Moves the cursor to the right.
Up Arrow Repeats the previously entered command.
Down Arrow Repeats the next command in the command
history.

Tab Displays the next command or parameter, or

completes the current command or parameter.

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Clear command
 This command is used to clear the screen.

DGS-3627:admin#
clear

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Show config command

DGS-3627:admin#
show config active
 To view your current configuration on DGS-3627.

DES-3528:admin#
show config current-config
 To view your current configuration on DES-3528.

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Show config command (cont’d)

DGS-3627:admin#
show config bootup
 To view your saved configuration on DGS-3627.

DES-3528:admin#
show config config_in_nvram 1
 To view your saved configuration on DES-3528.

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Introduction to D-Link Web-based Switch

Configuration
 All software functions of the D-Link Switch can be managed,
configured, and monitored via the embedded Web-based (HTML)
interface.
 The browser acts as a universal access tool and can communicate
directly with the Switch using the HTTP protocol.

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Login to Web Manager

 Enter the Switch’s IP address at the browser.
 Default IP address for the Switch is http://10.90.90.90.

Switch’s
IP address

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Enter Network Password dialog

Note:
 By default, there is no initial user name or password.
 Remember to configure the user name and password
in the User Accounts window.

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Areas of the User Interface

Area 2

Area 1

Area 3

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To verify the IP Address using Web Manager

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Summary
 D-Link offers an array of Unmanaged, Smart, Standard Managed
and xStack switches in a range of feature packages to suit varying
needs and budgets. They feature GreenTM Ethernet technology for
maximum energy efficiency.
 The D-View Network Management offers for flexible, comprehensive
and efficient network control. D-View’s many features include End-
To-End Security (E2ES) for maximum protection against threats.
 This chapter detailed aspects of switch and port management,
connecting to the switch, account creation and user management,
and Web-based switch configuration. Specific commands were
introduced.

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Chapter 2 Lab Topology

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