ZERAKI ACHIEVERS’ EXAMINATIONS

Term 1 - 2022

HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT (311)

FORM THREE (3)

Time: 2 ½ Hours

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (25 MARKS) Attempt all the questions from this section.

1. What type of government is practised in Kenya? (1 mark)

 Democratic form of government (1×1=1)

2. State the main reason why the savannah grassland was ideal for early human. (1 mark)
 Was effective for hunting and gathering. (1×1=1)

3. Give one advantage of land enclosure system in Britain. (1 mark)

i. Left many people landless.

ii. Led to exploitation of the poor.
iii. Increased rural urban migration hence overpopulation in the urban areas. (1×1=1)

4. Identify two treaties signed between the British and Lewanika. (2 marks)

i. Lewanika – Ware treaty

ii. Lochner treaty
iii. Lawley treaty
iv. Coryndon treaty (2×1=2)

5. State the main way through which River Nile influenced British occupation of Kenya. (1 mark)

 Britain wanted a free passage through Kenya to the source of the Nile. (1×1=1)

6. State two chemical methods of dating fossils. (2 marks)

i. Radio – carbon dating/carbon 14 dating.
ii. Potassium Argon dating. (2×1=2)

7. Name two types of trade. (2 marks)

i. Local trade
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 ii. Regional trade
iii. International trade (2×1=2)

8. State two disadvantages of road transport. (2 marks)

i. Accidents are high on roads leading to loss of lives.

ii. Traffic congestion leading to traffic jams.
iii. Air pollution from exhaust fumes.
iv. It is expensive to construct all weather roads. (2×1=2)

9. Mention one community that belongs to Plains Nilotes. (1 mark)

i. Maasai
ii. Samburu
iii. Burkeneji
iv. Njemps
v. Teso
vi. Turkana (1×1=1)

10. State two functions of Johannesburg. (2 marks)

i. Transport and communication center.

ii. Industrial center.
iii. Commercial center.
iv. Residential center.
v. Recreational center.
vi. Mining center.
vii. Educational center.
viii. Tourist center.
ix. Administrative center. (2×1=2)

11. How did the Mwari Cult lead to growth of Shona Kingdom? (1 mark)
 It led to unity among the Shona. (1×1=1)

12. State two social aspects of the Luo in the 19th Century. (2 marks)
i. The family was the basic social unit
ii. They lived in villages of related people
iii. They believed in one Supreme God (Nyasaye)
iv. They worshiped in sacred places
v. Religious ceremonies were performed by elders
vi. They prayed through the ancestral spirits (Juogi)
vii. Offered sacrifices
viii. Had diviners and medicine men.
ix. Initiation of adolescents was through removal of six lower teeth. (2×1=2)

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13. Give one evidence of Chinese presence at the East African coast in the past. (1 mark)

i. Chinese coins
ii. Pottery (1×1=1)

14. State one limitation to Freedom of Association. (1 mark)

i. The Association must be registered

ii. The Association should not engage in criminal activities. (1×1=1)

15. State two social causes of conflicts. (2 marks)

i. Religious differences among people.
ii. Cultural intolerance between communities.
iii. Influx of refugees from neighboring countries leading to pressure on resources.
iv. Mistrust between family and community members.
v. Tribalism, nepotism and racism. (2×1=2)

16. Highlight two uses of water in industries during the 18th century. (2 marks)

i. To cool the machines

ii. To turn water wheels/turn grinding stones in flour mills
iii. To wash/clean the machines/maintain cleanliness
iv. To turn spinning machines in textile industries.
v. To produce steam power to drive machines (2×1=2)

17. Name one group that monitors Human Rights in Kenya. (1 mark)

i. Free press.
ii. Trade Union Movements.
iii. Non – governmental Organizations.
iv. Special interest groups such as Law Society of Kenya.
v. Constitutional institutions such as judiciary and ombudsman.
vi. Constitutional commissions such as the Kenya National Human Rights and Equality Commission.
(1×1=1)

SECTION B (45 MARKS) Attempt any three questions from this section.
18. a) Give five factors that facilitated Plantation Agriculture by Seyyid Said in East African Coast.
(5 marks)
i. Existence of slave labour.
ii. Fertile soils.
iii. Presence of large tracts of land for plantation farming in the mainland and the coast.
iv. There was high demand for agricultural products at the coast and overseas.
v. Large number of Oman settlers who settled in Malindi, Lamu and Mombasa
vi. Demand for crops produce from the coast. (5×1=5)

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 b) Explain five effects of long distance trade. (10 marks)
i. Increased contacts among the people of the interior.
ii. Introduction of new items at the Coast and the interior e.g guns, cotton cloth and glasses.
iii. Opened up the interior.
iv. Emergence of powerful chiefs and kingdoms e.g Chief Kivoi and Wanga Kingdom respectively.
v. Led to spread of Islamic religion to inland places such as Mumias and Buganda.
vi. Introduction of new crops into the interior for example maize, bananas, rice, sugarcane and mangoes.
vii. Decline of Indigenous Industries because people preferred foreign goods.
viii. Promoted slavery and slave trade in the International Trade. (5×2=10)

19. a) State five factors that led to early urbanization in Africa. (5 marks)
i. Trade
ii. Mineral deposits.
iii. Administration.
iv. Security.
v. Availability of Ports e.g Malindi.
vi. Education e.g Universities like Timbuktu.
vii. Religious activities.
viii. Availability of water. (5×1=5)

b) Suggest five solutions to problems facing the modern urban centers in Africa. (10 marks)
i. Development of infrastructure to decongest the towns.
ii. Encourage the investors through incentives to start businesses so as to create employment.
iii. Improvement of revenue collection in order to provide better services to the city residents such as
garbage collection.
iv. Building of better and affordable houses to replace the shanties.
v. Partnership between the police and the community to reduce the high rate of crime. (5×2=10)

20. a) Identify three methods used by Europeans to acquire colonies in Africa. (3 marks)

i. Treaty signing.
ii. Treachery.
iii. Divide and Rule
iv. Military conquests.
v. Blend of diplomacy and force. (3×1=3)

b) Explain six effects of colonization of Africa. (12 marks)

i. Introduction of new systems of administration.

ii. Africans lost their independence.
iii. Present day boundaries were drawn then.
iv. Some African communities resisted the coming of the Europeans
v. Africa was drawn to international politics
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 vi. It led to nationalism in Africa
vii. African communities were split into different states
viii. Local rulers lost their authority
ix. Africans were given chartered companies to administer them.
x. Africa provided raw materials to the European countries
xi. African labour was exploited through forced labour.
xii. Led to development of infrastructure.
xiii. Land alienation
xiv. Establishment of European settlements in Africa
xv. Spread of Christianity
xvi. Undermined African culture
xvii. Led to spread of Western education
xviii. Led to growth and development of urban centers in the interior of Africa
xix. Many Africans lost their lives through wars
xx. Led to racial segregation. (6×2=12)

21. a) Give five reasons why armed resistance failed in Kenya. (5 marks)
i. Lack of unity among the Africans.
ii. Europeans/British had superior weapons.
iii. Lack of proper training among the African soldiers.
iv. Epidemics and natural calamities reduced the population of the Africans.
v. Poor leadership on the part of Africans
vi. The African warriors were demoralized when their leaders were captured and killed
vii. Some Africans collaborated with British against other Africans.
viii. The Uganda railways facilitated movement of the British military.
ix. The British used Trickery when dealing with some communities. (5×1=5)

b) Explain five reasons for the Nandi long resistance. (10 marks)
i. They were familiar with their mountainous terrain.
ii. The pororiet provided steady supply of warriors who were disciplined
iii. Reliable food supply from the Nandi mixed economy
iv. They had military experience from their wars with the Maasai and the raids of neighboring communities
v. Nandi pride made them determined not to lose this position of superiority.
vi. The Nandi were united under the leadership of Orkoiyot who was also a religious leader
vii. The cold climate was harsh for the British invaders and some of them suffered from respiratory diseases.
(5×2=10)

SECTION C (30 MARKS) Attempt any two questions from this section.

22. a) State five characteristics of government. (5 marks)

i. Sovereignty
ii. Has rules and regulations
iii. Legitimacy
iv. Jurisdiction/boundaries
v. Law enforcement (5×1=5)
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 b) Explain five importance of studying History and Government. (10 marks)
i. We learn about and appreciate other people’s culture.
ii. Appreciation and understanding of man’s past way of life.
iii. Helps develop capacity for critical thinking
iv. Develops a sense of patriotism.
v. Fosters empathy.
vi. Prepares one for community life
vii. Provides intellectual fulfillment.
viii. Career subject.
ix. Enables one understand how laws are made
x. Helps understand structures of government and their functions
xi. Helps us to understand our rights and responsibilities as citizens
xii. Helps us understand duties of our leaders and government.
xiii. Enables us compare our governments and other governments around the world (5×2=10)

23. a) State three documents that form part of the British unwritten constitution. (3 marks)
i. Constitutional milestones
ii. Legislation
iii. Case law
iv. Parliamentary custom
v. Commentaries
vi. Constitutional conventions (3×1=3)

b) Explain six features of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010. (12 marks)

i. Sovereignty of the people and supremacy of the constitution.
ii. The Republic.
iii. Citizenship
iv. The Bill of Rights.
v. Land and Environment.
vi. Leadership and Integrity
vii. Representation of the people
viii. The Legislature
ix. The Executive
x. The Judiciary
xi. Devolved Government
xii. Public Finance
xiii. The Public Service
xiv. National Security
xv. Commissions and Independent offices
xvi. Amendment of the constitution.
xvii. General Provisions
xviii. Transitional and Consequential Provisions. (6×2=12)

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24. a) List down three special groups of people in Kenya whose rights are protected in the Bill of Rights,
(3 marks)
i. Children
ii. Persons with disabilities
iii. Youth
iv. Minorities and marginalized groups
v. Older members of the society
vi. Arrested persons
vii. Persons detained, held in custody or imprisoned (3×1=3)

b) Explain six principles of democracy. (12 marks)

i. Consent of the people
ii. Equality
iii. Peace
iv. The rule of law
v. Balance of Individual liberty with Authority of State
vi. Transparency and accountability
vii. Competition
viii. Free Press
ix. Regular and free elections
x. Multi – party system
xi. Economic Freedom and Empowerment
xii. Bill of rights (6×2=12)

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