MUTHAYAMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(An Autonomous Institution)

(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Accredited by NAAC & Affiliated to Anna University)
Rasipuram - 637 408, Namakkal Dist., Tamil Nadu

MUST KNOW CONCEPTS MKC

B.Tech - IT 2020-2021
Course Code & Course Name : 16ITD21& Computer Graphics and Multimedia
Year/Sem/Sec : III/VI/-

Subject 16ITD21& Computer Graphics and Multimedia

Notation Concept/Definition/Meaning/Units/Equa Units
S.No Term tion/Expression
(Symbol)
Unit-I : 2DPrimitives
Computer Graphics is creating image data
1 Computer Graphics CG with help of graphical hardware and
software
2 Polygon More than three points

Applications of Photo Enhancement, Medical imaging,

3
Computer Graphics Weather Maps
4 OpenGL Open Graphics Library

High level graphical programming

5 Output primitives
language provide graphical function
DDA Digital differential Analyzer
6 DDA

7 Pixel Each point on the screen

8 Frame buffer Picture definition are stored in a memory

Which devices  Input devices

provides positional  Pointing devices
9
information to the
graphics system
Each output primitive has an associated set
Attribute of output
10 of attributes, such as line width and line
primitives
color for lines.
line segment are its type, its width, and its
11 Line attributes
color
12 In color raster system, Amount of storage provided per pixel in

1
 the number of color frame buffer
choices available
depends on
In color raster system, Amount of storage provided per pixel in
the number of color frame buffer
13
choices available
depends on
The color code “000” Black
14
is for
15 Frame buffer Color information can be stored in

The basic parameter to Type, Width, Color

16
curved attributes are
Raster curves of Horizontal or vertical spans
17
various widths can be
displayed using
18 A particular font and associated styles can
setTextfont (tf)
be set using the function
When a character
string is to be Current color
displayed, the which
19
color is used to set the
pixel value in frame
buffer?
On raster system, lines Pixels
20
are plotted with
It is a faster method for calculating pixel
21 DDA line algorithm
positions
The disadvantage of Time consuming
22
lineDDA is
Bresenham’s line An accurate and efficient raster line-
23
algorithm generating algorithm
Mouse The device which is used to
24 Mouse
position the screen cursor is
A common device for drawing, painting, or
25 Digitizers interactively selecting coordinate positions
on an object

Unit-II :2DGeometricTransformations
 Translation
Basic transformation
26  Rotation
in 2D
 Scaling
 Translation
List composite
27  Rotation
transformation
 Scaling

2
 What are the other  Reflection
28
transformation in 2D  shear
To change the size of an object
scaling
29
moves an object to a different position on
30 Translation
the screen
31 Equation for P’ = P + T
Translation
32 Rotate the object at particular angle
Rotation
θ theta from its origin.
P’ = P . S
33 Equation for scaling
Reflection is the mirror image of original
34 Reflection
object
A transformation that slants the shape of an
35 Shear
object
which causes the vertical lines to tilt right
36 X shear
or left
Causes the horizontal lines to transform
37 Y shear
into lines which slopes up or down
A series of transformations, which are
38 2D viewing passed by geometry data to end up as
image data being displayed on a device.
Window to viewport Transforming a two-dimensional, world-
39
Transformation coordinate scene to device coordinates
Identify the portion of picture that are
40 Clipping either inside or outside of the specified
region
Line,Text,Point,Area,Curve,
41 Clipping types
Xwmin< x <Xwmax
42 Point clipping rules
Ywmin< y <Ywmax
How many regions in 9 regions
43 cohen Sutherland line
clipping
 All or none string clipping
Methods in text  All or none character clipping
44
clipping  Text clipping

1.Translation
Basic transformation
45 2. Rotation
OpenGL
3. Scaling
Scaling refers to zooming in and out an
46 Scaling openGL
object in different scales across axes.
3
 The region against which an object to be
47 Clip window
displayed
Curve clipping requires more processing
48 Curve clipping
than for object with linear boundaries.
=[cosθ–sinθ
49 Equation for Rotation
Sinθcosθ ]
Transformation means changing some
50 2D Transformation graphics into something else by applying
rules.

Unit-III :3DConcepts
Parallel projection Orthographic,obilique
51
types
It is the process of converting a 3D object
52 Projection
into a 2D object
 Front Projection
Orthographic  Top Projection
53
projection types  Side Projection

makes 45° angle with the projection plane

54 Cavalier projection
Cavalier and Cabinet.
55 oblique projections
Makes 63.4° angle with the projection
56 Cabinet projection
plane
Transfer the Z coordinate along with the X
57 Translation in3D
and Y coordinates
Equation for [X+txY+tyZ+tz1]
58
Translation in 3D
The angle of rotation along with the axis of
59 Rotation in 3D
rotation.
Change the size of an object
60 Scaling in 3D
Equation for Scaling in [X.SxY.SyZ.Sz1]
61
3D
 Sphere
Examples for  Ellipsoids
62
Quadratic surfaces  Parabolic
 Hyperbolic
Coordinates positions are transformed to
63 Parallel projection
view plane along parallel plane
Projection reference Object position transformed to view plane
64
point along line that converge to a point
Describes properties of color
65 Color models

4
 Contain attribute information for an object
66 Attribute table

 Red+Cyan
Formation of white
67  Green+Magenta
color
 Blue+Yellow
RGB,CMY,YIQ,HSV
68 Color models
 Photography
RGB color model
69  Television
usage
 Personal computers
Hexcone or Six side pyramid
70 HSV color model
Hue,Saturation,Value
Visible surface Object space methodology,image space
71
detection algorithm methodology
Using Reduced minimum support at lower
72 Reduced Support
levels
YIQ color model Contains Luminous information
73
usage Ex.Black and White TV
Subtractive model, used for describing
74 CMY model
color output for hard copy
It is one type of polygon mesh
75 Strip

Unit-IV : Multimedia Basics

Components of Text,Audio,Video,Graphs,Animation
76
multimedia
 Presentation
 E-books
77 Applications of  Digital Library
multimedia  E-learning
 Movie making

Process of designing, drawing, making

78 Animation layouts and preparation of photographic
sequences
1.Traditional animation (Cel animation or
hand-drawn animation)
2.Stop motion animation (Claymation, Cut-
79 Animation Types outs)
3.Motion Graphics (Typography,
Animated logo)
4.Computer animation
Computer animation  2D animation
80
types  3D animation

5
 Reduce the size of one or more files
81 Compression
Morphing It is a technique to blend two or more
82
images to form a new image
Joint Photographic Experts Gross
83 JPEG.
This compressions provide some loss of
84 Lossy compression
quality
It is a method for reducing the data used to
85 Video Compression
encode digital video content
How many step
processes are there to
86 Three
create a 3-D
animation?
The Audio Video Microsoft
87 Interleave was
developed by
MIDI was developed 1982
88
in
Which is not well GIF
89 fitted for
photographic works
Special effect for Sound forge
sound could be added
90
using sound editing
program called as
2-D animations are Two
broadly classified
91
into _____
categories.
Which is the major Size
factor to be
92
considered in
multimedia file
Graphic Interchange Format
93 GIF stands for
Internet
94 Where WBTavailable
Used to create CD Quality audio
95 Perceptual Encoding
Each frame is divided into small grid
96 Pixels
.mng Multiple Network Graphic
97 .mng

6
 Word Perfect Document
98 .wpd file stands for .wpd file

What is extension of .yps

Yahoo Messenger
99 data file ?

What is extension of .tmp

100 Temporary File ?

Unit-V :Multimedia CommunicationandAuthoring

Any computer-delivered electronic system

Interactive that allows the user to control, combine,
101
Multimedia and manipulate different types of media,
such as text, sound, video, computer
graphics, and animation
 Card or Page based authoring tools
Authoring Tools  Icon based or Event driven
102
authoring tools
 Time based authoring tools

Characterstics of  State or Attributes

103 Object-Oriented  Behavior or Operations
authoring tools

 Color receiver
104 State or Attributes  Volume control
 Picture control
 128 channels
 Remote control unit
 Switched on
Behavior or  Switched off
105
Operations  Displays picture and sound from

Using trackers (images) to which 3D

models can be attached, users can place
106 AR 3D viewers
these models in their environment to view
the effect in real time. E.g. Augment.
Games can be literally experienced while
107 Gaming
the characters seem to be placed in the

7
 settings of the actual environment.

A phone’s camera display when pointed

108 AR browsers towards a building, can display the
building’s related information.
Pros: Up to 100 people free; customisable
Pros and cons for backgrounds
109
Zoom Cons: Free meeting only 40 minutes;
securityissues
Pros: Up to 100 people; invitees can phone
Pros and cons for in or Skype
110
Google Meet Cons: Lacks some advanced features

Example for Time  Macromedia's Director

111 based authoring tools  Macromedia Flash

 AR 3D viewers
Tools of AR
112  AR browsers
 Gaming
Pros: Unique Dolby feature; annotation
Pros and cons for features
113
Blue Jeans Cons: Can’t blur out backgrounds; not
cheap
Pros: Professional feel; 100 people free
Pros and cons for Cons: Less well known than other
114
Cisco Webex Meet platforms

 Service Precedence
 Reliability
115 Parameters for Qos QoS
 Delay and
 Throughput
Pros: Unlimited meeting time; blur
Pros and cons for
116 backgrounds
Skype Meet
Cons: Only 50 people under free plan
Pros: Easy to use; free
Pros and cons for
117 Cons: Light on features; only 10 people
Google Hangouts

 Hypercard (Mac)
Example for Card or  Tool book (Windows)
118 Page based authoring  PowerPoint (Windows)
tools  Supercard (Mac)
Multimedia Multimedia conferencing is to interact with
119 conferencing people across the world

8
  Zoom
 Google Hangouts
 Skype Meet
List the video
120  Google Meet
conferencing tools.
 Go to Meeting
 Cisco Webex Meet
 Blue Jeans
 Authorware Professional
Example for Card (Mac/Windows)
121 Icon based or Event  Icon Author (Windows)
driven authoring tools
 Design Architect
 Software Designer
CarreersinAugumente  System Validation Engineers
122
d Reality  Software Developer
 3D Artist

 Vuzix’s eyewearInnovega’s
augmented
123 AR Technologies  contact lens IBM’s shopping
assistant
 TagWhat
Pros: Business-oriented; advanced features
Pros and cons for Go Cons: Not cheap; can’t record on Starter
124
to Meeting Plan

 Entertainment Industry
 Marketing and Product
Carrriers in Virtual al
Development
125 Reality
 Retail
 Design and Architecture

PLACEMENT QUESTIONS
Three times the first Let the three integers be x, x + 2 and x + 4.
of three consecutive Then, 3x = 2(x + 4) + 3 x = 11.
odd integers is 3 Third integer = x + 4 = 15.
126
more than twice the
third. The third
integer is:
This is a simple alternating addition and
Look at this series: 7, subtraction series. In the first pattern, 3 is
127
10, 8, 11, 9, 12, ... added; in the second, 2 is subtracted.

9
 In this simple alternating subtraction and
Look at this series:
addition series; 1 is subtracted, then 2 is
128 22, 21, 23, 22, 24, 23,
added, and so on.
….

In this series, each number is repeated,

Look at this series:
then 13 is subtracted to arrive at the next
129 53, 53, 40, 40, 27, 27,
number.
...

In this simple addition series, each number

Look at this series:
increases by 0.8.
130 1.5, 2.3, 3.1, 3.9, ...

Three times the first Let the three integers be x, x + 2 and x + 4.

of three consecutive Then, 3x = 2(x + 4) + 3 x = 11.
131 odd integers is 3 Third integer = x + 4 = 15.
more than twice the
third. The third
integer is:
This is a simple alternating addition and
Look at this series: 7, subtraction series. In the first pattern, 3
132
10, 8, 11, 9, 12, ... isadded; in the second, 2 is subtracted.

In this simple alternating subtraction and

Look at this series:
addition series; 1 is subtracted, then 2 is
133 22, 21, 23, 22, 24, 23,
added, and so on.
....

(112 x 54) = 112 x(10)4=112 x

4
134 (112 x 5 ) = ? 104=1120000= 7000022416

On 31st December, 2005 it was Saturday.

Number of odd days from the year 2006 to
It was Sunday on Jan
the year 2009 = (1 + 1 + 2 + 1) = 5 days.
1, 2006. The day of
135
the week Jan 1, 2010 On 31st December 2009, it was
is Thursday.
Thus, on 1st Jan, 2010 it is Friday.

Each day of the week is repeated after 7

Today is Monday. days.
136 After 61 days, it will
So, after 63 days, it will be Monday.
be:
After 61 days, it will be Saturday.

The year 2004 is a leap year. So, it has 2

137 If 6th March, 2005 is
odd days.
Monday,The day of

10
 the week on But, Feb 2004 not included because we are
6th March, 2004 is calculating from March 2004 to March
2005. So it has 1 odd day only.
The day on 6th March, 2005 will be 1
day beyond the day on 6th March, 2004.
Given that, 6th March, 2005 is Monday.
6th March, 2004 is Sunday (1 day before
to 6th March, 2005).

The days x weeks x days = (7x + x) days = 8x days.

138
inx weeks x days?
The year 2004 is a leap year. It has 2 odd
days.
On 8th Feb, 2005 it
139 was Tuesday. The The day on 8th Feb, 2004 is 2 days
day of the week on before the day on 8th Feb, 2005.
8th Feb, 2004 is
Hence, this day is Sunday.

Required number = H.C.F. of (91 - 43),

The greatest number
(183 - 91) and (183 - 43)
that will divide 43, 91
140
and 183 so as to leave = H.C.F. of 48, 92 and 140 = 4.
the same remainder in
each case.
The H.C.F. of two
Clearly, the numbers are (23 x 13) and (23
numbers is 23 and the
x 14).
other two factors of
141
their L.C.M. are 13 Larger number = (23 x 14) = 322
and 14. The larger of
the two numbers is:
(112 x 54) = 112 x(10)4=112 x
142 (112 x 54) = ?
104=1120000= 7000022416
On 31st December, 2005 it was Saturday.
Number of odd days from the year 2006 to
It was Sunday on Jan
the year 2009 = (1 + 1 + 2 + 1) = 5 days.
1, 2006.The day of
143
the week Jan 1, 2010 On 31st December 2009, it was
is Thursday.
Thus, on 1st Jan, 2010 it is Friday.

Today is Monday. Each day of the week is repeated after 7

144 After 61 days, it will days.
be: So, after 63 days, it will be Monday.

11
 After 61 days, it will be Saturday.

The year 2004 is a leap year. So, it has 2

odd days.

If 6th March, 2005 is But, Feb 2004 not included because we are
Monday, The day of calculating from March 2004 to March
145 the week on 2005. So it has 1 odd day only.
6th March, 2004 is The day on 6th March, 2005 will be 1
day beyond the day on 6th March, 2004.
Given that, 6th March, 2005 is Monday.
6th March, 2004 is Sunday (1 day before
to 6th March, 2005).
The x weeks x days = (7x + x) days = 8x days.
146 daysin x weeks x days
?
The year 2004 is a leap year. It has 2 odd
On 8th Feb, 2005 it
days.
was Tuesday. The
147 day of the week on The day on 8th Feb, 2004 is 2 days
8th Feb, 2004 is before the day on 8th Feb, 2005.
Hence, this day is Sunday.

Required number = H.C.F. of (91 - 43),

Find the greatest
(183 - 91) and (183 - 43)
number that will
148 divide 43, 91 and 183 = H.C.F. of 48, 92 and 140 = 4.
so as to leave the
same remainder in
each case.
The H.C.F. of two
Clearly, the numbers are (23 x 13) and (23
numbers is 23 and the
x 14).
other two factors of
149
their L.C.M. are 13 Larger number = (23 x 14) = 322
and 14. The larger of
the two numbers is:
Let the speeds of the two trains be x m/sec
Two trains running in and y m/sec respectively.
opposite directions Then, length of the first train = 27x meters,
cross a man standing and length of the second train =
150
on the platform in 27 17y meters.
seconds and 17 27x +
=
seconds respectively 17y
23
and they cross each x+ y

12
other in 23 seconds. 27x + 17y = 23x + 23y
The ratio of their 4x = 6y
speeds is: x 3
= .
y 2

Faculty Team Prepared Signatures

1. Ms.G.Nivedhitha
HoD

13