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Common and Known Exam Dates

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 What is 2874 + 8962 + 513 ?

1. Line up the units, tens, hundreds etc What is 2736 – 1854?

2. Add the columns, from right to left
1. Line up the units, tens, hundreds etc
2. Subtract the columns, from right to left
2 1
2874 1 16 1
2736
8962
1854
513 1st
4th
th 1 2 34 9 1st 1–1=0 0 8 8 2 6 - 4=2
4 4+2+3=9
2+2+8=12 rd nd 3rd 2nd
3 2

Instead of trying to do Instead of trying to do

1+8+9+5=23 7+6+1=14 6 – 8, borrow 1 from 3 – 5, borrow 1 from
the 2 (making it 1), to the 7 (making it 6), to
(Carry the 2 to (Carry the 1 to turn your 6 into 16. turn your 3 into 13.
the next column) the next column)
16 – 8 = 8 13 – 5 = 8
 Work out 5.3 × 14.3

Work out 6741 ÷ 3

5 3
0 0 1 2 2 4 7
0 25 3 How many
1 4 For example, 3 6 7 14 21 3s in 21?
7 0 2 3 x 4 = 12 7
1 0 3 3x3=9
5 5 9 How many How many 3s in 7?
How many 3s in 14?
4, with 2 left over
7 9 3s in 6?
2
2, with 1 left over (remainder)
(remainder)

7 5 7 9
1. Set up grid
2. Multiply to fill in grid
3. Add up along diagonals These are good ways of doing division and
4. Find where the decimal points meet, multiplication, but there are others!
trace the diagonal to the answer
 Some sweets are shared in the
£40 is shared in the ratio 1:3:4
ratio 4:7. One person gets 6
more than the other.

£40

6 sweets So each piece is worth

6÷3=2
1 3 4
£5 £5 £5 £5 £5 £5 £5 £5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
Now you could answer anything!
Now you could answer anything!
What’s the How much larger is the biggest
smallest share? share than the smallest? How many sweets How many sweets were
were shared in total? in the smaller share?
1 x £5 = £5 The big one has 3 extra pieces
2 x 11 = 22 sweets
3 x £5 = £15 2 x 4 = 8 sweets
 If you × or ÷ the top of a fraction,
and do the same to the bottom,
the fraction is worth the same.

What fraction is shaded red?

Find ONE seventh

first, by dividing
by 7

÷2 ×3

You need THREE ÷2 ×3

sevenths, so
multiply by 7

You’d usually be asked to simplify a fraction…

÷2 ÷2 ÷3

Divide by the denominator,

÷2 ÷2 ÷3
multiply by the numerator.
 Multiply the numerators

Fractions need to have the same denominator before you

can add or subtract them. You’ll need to convert them. ÷10
Multiply the denominators
÷10
1. Find a number both denominators go into. This will
be the denominator of the new fractions.

the first fraction the same

the second fraction over

2. What did we do to each fraction to get from the old

the sign to ÷
denominators to the new? Whatever you’ve done to
the bottom, do to the top too. Flip
Multiply like
before
x3
x5

x5 x3
Keep Change
 2
Write 3 as an improper fraction. Numbers with a
5 fraction after

11 This is the number 𝟐

Write as a mixed number 3 x 5 = 15 of fifths in 3. 𝟓
𝟑
4
Add on the other fifths
11 ÷ 4 = 2 remainder 3 15 + 2 = 17 2
(from the /5)
Fractions with a bigger
How many
number on the top
How many quarters 17
“wholes” we can 3 left over 𝟏𝟏
make out of eleven
2 The bottom number
5 𝟒
quarters 4 2
The bottom number
stays the same
stays the same 3 /5
They’re the
2 11
/4 They’re the
same!
3
/4 same! 17
/5
 Fraction
There are also some common
ones you need to remember:

Fraction Decimal Percentage

𝟏
0.5 50%
𝟐
𝟏
0.3 33.3%
𝟑
× 100
𝟏
Percentage Decimal 𝟒
0.25 25%

÷ 100 𝟏
0.2 20%
𝟓
74% × 100 0.74 𝟏
0.1 10%
12% ÷ 100 0.12 𝟏𝟏
Write the number 540 as a product of prime factors. Give your answer in index form.

“Product” is what you

get when you multiply “Factors” are numbers
“Prime” numbers “Index” is another
which “go into” other
only have 2 factors word for powers,
numbers
– 1 and themselves like 32

Break down 540 by 540 is equal to each of those circled

It ends in a 0, so 10
finding numbers which numbers, multiplied together.
goes into it.
go into it.

Remember – Each 10 breaks into 2 and 5

This is correct, but we need the
pair of branches
answer in index form
should multiply 5 and 2 are prime,
the make the so stop there and
number above circle them

These are all prime, so

circle them
Word Definition Example Word Definition Example

A letter which represents

Like an equation, but with 2𝑥 + 1 > 2
Variable a number we don’t know 𝑥, 𝑦 etc Inequality an inequality sign instead
yet 3≤4−𝑥
of an equal sign

Written before a letter, 𝟐𝑥

Coefficient it’s a number which An equation where each 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2
multiplies a variable 𝟏𝟏𝑦 2 Formula letter stands for
something specific 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2
Numbers or variables or 2𝑡 2
Terms
both multiplied together
5𝑥𝑥 Terms which ‘go into’ 2𝑥 + 4,
Factor
other terms
2 is a factor.
Expression A collection of terms 4𝑥 2 + 1
Taking the factors of an 2𝑥 + 4
An expression which is 2
Factorise expression outside the
Equation 4𝑥 + 1 = 2 brackets
equal to something 2(𝑥 + 2)
 These can be called
different things, like
Exponents
Powers
“Indices” is another word for powers.
It refers to things like 32, 𝑥 4 , or 610! Indices

Rule Explanation Example

Any number to the power 230 = 1

𝒂𝟎 = 𝟏 of zero equals 1. 10 = 1
For these When multiplying, add the 23 × 24 = 23+4 See that the
𝒂𝒏 × 𝒂𝒎 = 𝒂𝒎+𝒏
rules, the two powers together. = 𝟐𝟕 two big
big numbers numbers being
have to be the When dividing, subtract the 63 ÷ 64 = 6−1 multiplied are
𝒂𝒏 ÷ 𝒂𝒎 = 𝒂𝒎−𝒏 the same?
same! powers. = 𝟔−𝟏
When doing a power to
𝒏 𝒎 𝒎×𝒏 (24 )3 = 24×3
(𝒂 ) = 𝒂 another power, multiply the
powers. = 𝟐𝟏𝟏
With negative powers, get
𝟏 1 𝟏
𝒂−𝒏 = 𝒏 rid of the minus sign, and 2−3 = =
𝒂 do 1 divided by what’s left. 23 𝟖
 It’s the opposite of expanding.

Find the biggest thing that goes

into both terms.
Multiply everything inside the bracket This goes outside the brackets.
by whatever’s outside the bracket.

It’s the same with double brackets, but

make sure you multiply everything! Remember: Whatever you do to the Left, you’ve got to do to the Right.

-2x -2x
-4 -4
÷2 ÷2
The “subject” of an equation is the bit by itself.
Subject
Subject Subject
𝟐
𝟐𝟐 + 𝟑𝟑 𝒑= 𝟒𝒓
�
𝒚 = 𝟐𝟐 + 𝟑 =𝒆 �𝒒
𝟐
You can rearrange equations the same way you solve them – by doing the same thing to both sides.

Make x the subject of Make p the subject of Make b the subject of

the equation the equation the equation
𝟑𝟑 𝟑𝟑 + 𝟐 = 𝒂 − 𝟐𝟐
𝒚 = 𝟐𝟐 + 𝟑 −𝟓=𝒓
-3 -3 𝟐 +5 +2b +2b
+5
𝒚 − 𝟑 = 𝟐𝟐 𝟑𝟑 𝟓𝟓 + 𝟐 = 𝒂
=𝒓+𝟓
÷2 ÷2 𝟐 ×2 -2 -2
×2
𝒚−𝟑 𝟑𝟑 = 𝟐𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏 𝟓𝟓 = 𝒂 − 𝟐
=
𝟐 ÷3 ÷5 ÷5
𝒙
÷3 𝒂−𝟐
𝟐𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏 =
𝒑= 𝟓

𝒃
𝟑
Using the nth term lets you find any number in a sequence, like the second number, tenth number,
or hundredth number…

Find the nth term of the following sequence. The nth term of a sequence is 2n+5.
11, 8, 5, 2, -1 Find the second, fifth and tenth terms in the
sequence.

14 11, 8, 5, 2, -1 nd
2 term
2×2+5 Second term
9 is 9
+3 -3 -3 -3 -3
Whatever the numbers are th 2×5+5 Fifth term
5 term
changing by, that’s what 15 is 15
goes before the ‘n’.
th 2×10+5 Tenth term
10 term
25 is 25
The number which would
come before the first term is
what you add or subtract.
-3 n +14
 y axis

x axis

Draw the graph of 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 3.

The line 𝒚=𝟏 crosses the y axis at 1.

Make a table of some easy x -1 0 1 2
‘x’ values, so you can work The line 𝒙 = −𝟐 crosses the x axis at -2.
out some ‘y’ values. y
4 y

Substitute these ‘x’ values x -1 0 1 2 x

into the equation -2 2 4

𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 3 y -5 -3 -1 1
-2

2
For example, -4

2 x 1 – 3 = -1
-2 2

Each pair of x and y values is

a coordinate. (-1, -5) (0, -3) (1, -1) (2, 1)
-2

-4
 Four sided
Types of Quadrilateral shape Types of Triangle

Rectangle Equilateral
Features of 3D shapes

Square Isosceles Vertices

Scalene
Kite Edges

Faces
Parallelogram
Prism

A 3D shape you can cut

Rhombus
into slices, where every
slice looks the same.
Perimeter is the distance round the Area is the space inside a shape.
outside of a shape.
Area of a
= base x height
Perimeter = rectangle
5+4+5+4 Area of a
4cm =18 = (base x height)÷2
triangle
5cm

5cm
3m
3m 7cm
This side is Area = 5 x 7 8m
8-5=3 =35cm2
4m
2cm Area = (3 x 8) ÷ 2
3cm =12cm2
8m
2cm
5m 3cm
2cm
8cm
3cm
This side is Perimeter
2cm
2x6= Area = 6 + 12 + 12
3+4=7 3+3+8+7+5+4 12cm 2
=30cm2
2x3=
= 30m 3cm
6cm2
4cm
 Pi is a number roughly the same as 3.14 which
π = 3.1415926 … 5 goes on forever. Rather than keep writing 3.14…,
we usually just use the symbol π.

Area = πr2 Circumference = πd = 2πr

Find the area and circumference of this circle. Diameter

Give your answers to 1 decimal place. 6cm

Area = πr2
2
Circumference = πd
=π×r
2
=π×d
= 3.14 × 6
= 3.14 × 2×6 r stands for radius
= 113.04
= 3.14 × 12 d stands for diameter
= 113.0 cm (1dp)
= 37.68
Diameter is double
= 37.7 cm (1dp) the radius.
 Circumference = πd = 2πr

An arc is part of a circumference, like this:

Area = πr2
A sector is a slice of a circle, like this:

To find the area of a

What is the area of this sector? What is the length of this arc?
sector, or length of an arc:
Area of 2 Circumference
full circle = π x r of full circle
=πxd
1. Find the area / 252°
circumference of the 72° = 3.14 x 8 2
10cm = 3.14 x 20
full circle,
= 200.96 cm2 = 62.8 cm2
2. Find what 1°’s worth
would be What would the area of a 1° slice be? What would a 1° portion of the
circumference be?
3. Find the size of your 200.96 ÷ 360 = 0.558…cm2
part of the 62.8 ÷ 360 = 0.174…
area/circumference So 72° must be…
So 252° must be…
0.5588… x 72 = 40.192
0.174 x 252 = 43.96 cm
 c
a
For a right angled triangle with sides a, b, and c, b

a2+b2=c2 a2=c2 - b2
For finding a long side For finding a short side

Find the missing side. Finding the Finding a Find the missing side.
long side short side 12cm 10cm
2 2 2
a2 + b2 = c2 a =c -b
6cm 32 + 62 = c2 a2 = 122 - 102
9 + 36 = c2 a2 = 144 – 100
45 = c2 a2 = 44
3cm
√45 = c a = √45
c = 6.7cm (1dp) a = 6.6cm (1dp)

You can think of this as 3 steps: You can think of this as 3 steps:
1. Square the sides 1. Square the sides
2. Add them 2. Subtract them
3. Square root 3. Square root
 Prisms are 3D shapes which you
could cut into lots of identical slices.

Volume Area of Cross

of Prism = Section
× Length

Area = 30m2
Area of each “slice”, or the area
of the “end” of the shape.
A tunnel cuts through a hillside.
The face of the tunnel is 30m2, and the
tunnel is 20m long.
What is the volume of What is the volume of the tunnel?
this cuboid? Multiply area of
Lets call this red cross section by
Volume of Area of cross
side the cross length prism
= x Length
section
section.
Volume = 45 x 20 = 30 x 20
3
Area of cross = 900cm
9cm =9x5
section = 1200m3
= 45cm2
5cm
 107°

Angles around a point add to 360°

What angle is missing?
119°
119 + 90 = 209°
(angles so far)

360 – 209 = 151°

(what we need to
make 360°)
 1 • To find the SUM of interior
72°
angles of a polygon, you can 72°
2 split it into triangles.
6

3 • This shape has 6 triangles,

5 each triangle has 180° in it, 72°
4
so… 72°
The exterior angles
72° of a regular pentagon
180 x 6 = 1080 °
are all 72°…

• If it’s a REGULAR shape, you 72 + 72 + 72 + 72 + 72 = 360 °

can divide the SUM of
interior angles, by the If you know the exterior angle of a REGULAR shape, you can find how
number of angles. many sides it has.

• That tells you what each There must be twelve

angle must be… 30° angles, so there
30° must be 12 sides!

1080 ÷ 8 = 135 °
360 ÷ 30 = 12
 Alternate angles
make a 'Z’ shape and
Vertically Opposite are the same
angles are the same

Co-interior angles
make a ‘C’ shape, and
add up to 180°

Corresponding
angles make an ‘F’ and
are the same
 Bearings are just a way of expressing a direction.
Sometimes called “Three Figure Bearings”, because they should
always have 3 digits.
32° 032°

Two important things to remember:

1. Measure from North What is the bearing of D from C?
2. Measure clockwise N
D

What is the bearing of B from A? A to B C

C to D

1. Check which direction you’re going in 1. Check which direction you’re going in
2. Draw in the North line at your starting point 2. Draw in the North line at your starting point
3. Connect the points 3. Connect the points
4. Measure the angle clockwise from North 4. Measure the angle clockwise from North
5. Turn it into a Three Figure Bearing 5. Turn it into a Three Figure Bearing

N
74°

180° + 105° = 285°

B
D
A
C
074°
Mean – Find the total, divide by how many
The mean of four numbers is 5.
Mode – The most common number What’s the missing one?

Median –The medium: put the numbers in order, find

Mean = Total ÷ how many
the middle number 5 = Total ÷ 4 The total needs to be 20.
2 + 5 + 4 = 11
Range – The difference between the biggest and What number, divided by 4, equals 5?
What’s missing to make 20?
smallest number 20.

Mean Mode Median Range

7 + 5 + 8 + 5 + 1 + 7 = 33 Two 7s and two 5s 1 5 5 7 7 8 – in order 8–1=7

33 ÷ 6 = 5.5 So 7 and 5 are the mode middle number
What’s between 5 and 7?

6
 With large amounts of data, it’s often
easier to put it all in a table. This table is easier than writing down
0 0 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3, but means the same thing!
Number of Pets Frequency
0 2
1 2
Range
The range is still the difference
2 5
between the biggest and smallest.
3 3
3–0=3

Median Mean
The number in the middle. There are Number of Pets
(2+2+5+3=) 12 responses. Number of Pets Frequency x
Frequency
𝟏𝟏+1 0 2 0
The middle number is the = 6.5th 1 2 2
2
number. 2 5 10
3 3 9
The 6th and 7th answers are both 2s… 12 21
..and this is the total
Median = 2 This is the total number
number of pets
of people asked…
Mode
Most common. Which number has the highest frequency? Mean = total ÷ how many
2 = 21 ÷ 12
= 1.75
Sometimes you’ll see a type of frequency table, with data put into groups.

4 people were less These 6 people could have been exactly 30

Minutes late than 10 minutes late minutes late, to 39minutes and 59 seconds
Frequency
m late, but not 40 minutes!
0 ≤ m < 10 4
If you’re exactly 10
10 ≤ m < 20 3
minutes late, you fit here Modal Class
20 ≤ m < 30 7
30 ≤ m < 40 6
Which group has the most
Estimating the Mean people in?

We can only estimate 20 ≤ m < 30

the mean, because we
don’t know exactly how Midpoint
Minutes late
Frequency Midpoint x
late everyone was. m Frequency
0 ≤ m < 10 4 5 20
Everything in purple, 10 ≤ m < 20 3 15 45
you might have to do! 20 ≤ m < 30 7 25 175
30 ≤ m < 40 6 35 210
20 450
This is the total number
of people who were late Mean = total ÷ how many
= 450 ÷ 20
= 22.5
70 people were asked their favourite colour. We can record their answers
in a Tally Chart, and represent them in Pictograms and Bar Charts.

• Gaps Between Bars

• Label the Bars
KEY: = 10 people • Label BOTH Axes
Colour Tally Frequency
• Title
• Consistent Scale
Blue 10 Blue
People's Favourite Colours
Red 20 Red 30

Number of People (Frequency)

25
20
Yellow 15 Yellow 15
10

Other 25 Other 5
0
Blue Red Yellow Other
Favourite Colour
 Represent this data in a P ie Chart .

Eye Colour Frequency

Brown 8
Blue 5
We need to know how Green 2
many degrees each Other 3
section should be.
Other
Eye Colour Frequency
20 degrees Brown 60°
360 ÷ 18 = 20 Green
Brown 8 represents 160°
Blue 5
Degrees
Number of one person 40°
in a circle
people asked Blue
Green 2
100°
Other 3 Eye Colour Frequency Degrees

Total 18 Brown 8 8 × 20 = 160

Blue 5 5 × 20 = 100
Green 2 2 × 20 = 40
First, we need to know
the total number of Other 3 3 × 20 = 60
Check they
people asked.
Total 18 360 add up to
360
 The strength of the correlation is about how close the
points are to a straight line, not how steep the line is.

Positive means the line is going uphill, Negative means

it’s going downhill.

Strong Positive Weak Positive No Correlation

Correlation Correlation
Line of Best Fit

A line of best fit is a straight line which

represents the data as closely as possible.

Strong Negative Weak Negative

Correlation Correlation
 Using a ruler and compasses to draw
shapes, lines or angles accurately.

Perpendicular Bisector Angle Bisector

Cutting a line in half with a Cutting an angle in half.
perpendicular line.
Use the compasses to draw marks on each
Draw curves from either end of the line, line, the same distance from the ‘point’ of
which meet in the middle. Do this above the angle.
and below the line.
Now draw curves from the marks you just
Connect the places where they cross made, which cross somewhere.

Join the ‘point’ of the angle, to

where these two curves cross.
 Using a ruler and compasses to draw
shapes, lines or angles accurately.

Drawing an angle Equilateral Triangle

(we’ll do 40°)

Start with a straight line Start with a straight line

Line up the protractor so it is straight on Set your compasses to be as wide as the line.
the line, and the middle point is at one end Use them to draw curves from either end of the line, which meet above it.

Read the protractor and make a mark Connect the place where the curves cross, to each end of the line.
where 40° is
Move the protractor and join your mark
to the end of the line.
 Reflection
Flipping a shape over a line
Translation
Sliding a shape around
Reflect the red triangle in the
line 𝑥 = 1.
You translate shapes by ‘vectors’, which look like this: y y
2 2

x x
How far right we go. How far up we go.
1 -2 2 4 -2 2 4
� �
So if it’s negative, −3 So if it’s negative, -2 -2

go left! go down!
Draw the line x = 1.
Remember, it crosses the x axis at 1.
y
Translate the blue 4
Now we need to copy the shape to the other side of the line.
shape by the vector
4 2 If it helps you can ask for tracing
� � paper to draw the original shape, y
−3 x
and flip it over the line. 2
-2 2 4
OR x
Count how many squares each point
-2
-2 2 4

is away from the line, and put each

-4 point the same number of squares -2

on the other side.

 Enlargement
Making a shape bigger or smaller!
Rotation
You’ll need to know:
Spinning a shape around
• the centre of enlargement,
You’ll need to know: • the scale factor.
1. the centre of rotation,
2. the number of degrees to rotate the shape, Enlarge the blue triangle by scale factor 2,
and centre of enlargement (-1,-4).
3. the direction of rotation.
There are different ways of doing enlargements. Here’s one.
Rotate the triangle 90° clockwise about the
point (1,0). 4 y This point was 1 right and 4 up
4 y from the centre of enlargement
before. Now it needs to be 2
• Trace the shape onto tracing across and 8 up.
2
2

paper, and draw a line to the x

x This point was 2 right and 3 up
centre of rotation -2 2 4
-2 2 4 from the centre of enlargement. Now
• Put your pen on the rotation -2 it needs to be 4 across and 6 up.
point, and spin the tracing paper
y
until you’ve made a 90° angle 4
-4

• Draw the new shape onto the 2

This point was 2 up
grid
x from the centre of
-2 2 4 enlargement. Now it
needs to be 4 up.
 1.85 × 10−2

Number between A ‘power’ of 10

If a number is really big or really small, we
1 and 10
can write it in standard form.

This is when we turn an ordinary number

into something that looks like this:
Write 4.5 × 103 in ordinary form.
2.5 × 103 If the power is
4.5 00 4500. positive, it’s a big
3
10 = 10 x 10 x 10 number.
=1000
Write 8.1 × 10−4 in ordinary form. If the power is
2.5 × 1000 negative, it’s a
small number.
0.0 0 0 8 . 1 0.00081
2500

Write 2,820,000 in standard form.

3
In other words, 2.5 × 10 is the
same as 2500. 2.8 2 0 0 0 0. 2.82 × 106
The first number
(between 1 and 10) has
to be 2.82
But you don’t always need to …but what’s the
To go from 2.82 to
2,820,000, the decimal has to
think of it this way… power of 10?
move 6 places.
 Sometimes called
“elements”

Venn diagrams are a way of displaying things which fit into one or more categories.

Sometimes, instead of writing out all the elements in There are some symbols you need to remember too…
a Venn diagram, you’ll just see numbers which
represent how many elements are in each area.
Bigger than 5 Even
ξ = { 1, 2, …, 10 }
3
4 people have Brown Hair Blue Eyes 7 6 2 ξ represents everything
just brown 8 in the Venn diagram. So
9
hair 10 4 here, it means that all
the numbers from 1 to
4 2 3 1 5
10 are in the diagram.

These people
have neither 2 A∪B “A union B”

Everything in either A or B
2 people have both A B
These 3
brown hair and blue people have
eyes just blue eyes A∩B “A intersect B”

Everything in both A and B

A B