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1

Fractions and indices

Objectives

Consolidate writing a fraction in its simplest form by

cancelling common factors.

Add, subtract, multiply and divide fractions, interpreting
division as a multiplicative inverse, and cancelling
common factors before multiplying or dividing.
Use the order of operations, including brackets and
powers.
Use positive, negative and zero indices and the
index laws for multiplication and division of positive
integer powers.

Whats the point?

Fractions are useful for many different

areas in life. We can use fractions
when decorating. We could mix a tin
of white paint with a quarter of a tin of
red paint to make pink, or we may use
two thirds of a tin of paint to decorate
a room. We can use fractions when
farming. A farmer could have three
quarters of his land for crops and
onequarter for animals.

Before you start

You should know ...

Check in

Fractions can be simplified by dividing.

For example:
47
14
2
5
35
5
47

Simplify:
14
a
20
15
d
75

b
e

16
40
8
96

c
f

32
48
18
162

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1 Fractions and indices

How to convert between mixed numbers

and improper fractions.
For example:
8
8
3
5 means 8 4 5 5 1 remainder 3, so 5 5 15
13 3 42 1 1
13
1
1
34 5
, so 34 5
4
4

The meaning of indices.

For example:
5 3 5 5 52 or five squared 5 25
2 3 2 3 2 5 23 or two cubed 5 8
p 3 p 3 p 3 p 3 p 5 p5 using index
notation

Change these improper fractions to

mixed numbers:
23
73
18
i
iii
ii
20
10
5

Change these mixed numbers to

improper fractions:
i

110

ii

38

iii

53

Calculate:

i 42
ii 33
iii 24
Write y 3 y 3 y 3 y 3 y 3 y 3 y
using index notation

1.1 Working with fractions

Adding and subtracting fractions

Before you start working with fractions you need to be

comfortable cancelling fractions by dividing numerators
and denominators by common factors. You also need to
be able to convert between mixed numbers and improper
fractions. The following puzzles will practice these skills.

Fractions with common denominators are easily added

or subtracted.
For example:
3
1
4
1
1 5 5
8
8
8
2

Equivalent fraction puzzles

3
1
4
2 5
5
5
5
Fractions without common denominators need to
bechanged to equivalent fractions with the same
denominators.

21

1 I am equivalent to 45 my numerator is a
primenumber, what am I?
64
2 I am equivalent to 104 my denominator is a
primenumber, what am I?
45
3 I am equivalent to 105 my numerator and
denominator are both prime numbers, what am I?
3
4 I am equivalent to 8 the product of my numerator
and denominator is 216, what am I?
2
5 I am equivalent to 13 , as an improper fraction the sum
of my numerator and denominator is 40, what am I?
60
6 I am equivalent to 204 my denominator is less than
20, what am I?
3
7 I am equivalent to 14, as an improper fraction
mynumerator is 9 more than my denominator,
whatam I?
5
8 I am equivalent to 9 my numerator is 72 less than
my denominator, what am I?
52
9 I am equivalent to 65 my numerator is smaller
than20 and a multiple of 3, what am I?
10 a When writing a fraction in its simplest form
by dividing numerators and denominators by
common factors either the numerator or
denominator or both will be prime. True or
false?
b What are the first eight prime numbers?

EXAMPLE 1
Work out: a
a

3
1
1
4
5

3
5
1
12
1 5
1
4
20
20
5
17
5
20
16
5
3
2
21
2 5
2
5
7
8
56
56
56

3
2
2
7
8

Common
denominator
is 20
Common
denominator
is 56

Addition and subtraction of mixed numbers is done in

a similar manner.

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1 Fractions and indices

EXAMPLE 2

Work out: a
a

3
14

1
25

14 1 25

35 2 14

3
15
1
4
531 1 531
1
4
20
20
5
19

5 3 20
b

Change to
improper
fractions

17
7
2
4
5
68
35
5
2
20
20
33
5
20

35 2 14 5

65 1 42

54 2 15

105 2 48 1 220

82 2 33

53 2 24

45 1 24 2 22

Write down three fractions, with different

5
denominators, that add up to make 424.

Common
denominator
is 20
1

Aakesh bought 3 4 kg of oranges. He gave his

2
sister 1 3 kg.

Change to
mixed
number

13

5 1 20

What was the mass of the oranges he had left?

Exercise 1A
1

Work out:
1
1
1
a
4
4
3
5
2
c
8
8
2
4
2
e
9
9

b
d
f

Calculate:
1
1
a
1
2
4
1
2
1
c
3
5
2
1
e
1
9
3

b
d
f

Calculate:
3
1
a
2
4
5
3
2
2
c
7
9
3
1
2
e
4
2

b
d
f

Karen spent 7 of her money on Monday.

She spent 3 of her money on Tuesday. What

fraction of money did she
a spend on Monday and Tuesday?
b have left?
9

1
1
1
3
2
3
2
1
7
8
2
1
1
9
6

A container holds 4 2 litres of water.

How much water is left in the container if
7
Jerrydrinks 28 litres?

10 Fill in the missing numbers:

5
1
2
8
4
3
4
2
7
8
11
2
2
3
12

1
24

1
32

a
c

73 1 14

45 2 27

1
14

u 1 33 2 25 5 515

42 2 u 1 310 5 210

11 Find the value of the letters in the following:

a

b 13 1 b6 5 46

d 39 1 d 5 46

15 1 210 5 410

610 1 15 5 82

12 Put these fractions into groups of three so that

1

each group has a total of 42 .

2

1
33
2

A plank of wood is 3 m in length. How long

5
will it be if I cut 8 m of wood from it?
1

2
1
1
5
5
3
1
1
4
4
5
5
2
9
9

Work out:
1

23 15 25 24 212

2
10

3
20

11

1 3
8

112 124 12

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1 Fractions and indices

INVESTIGATION

A unit fraction is a fraction with a numerator of 1,

1 1 1
for example 2, 6, 13.
The ancient Egyptians didnt write fractions with a
numerator greater than 1. Instead they would write
them as a sum of two or more different unit
2
fractions. For example they wouldnt write 3, they
2
1
1
1
1
would write 3 as 2 1 6. (They wouldnt use 3 1 3 as
it involved repeating a unit fraction).
Investigate different non-unit fractions. Can all
non-unit fractions be written as a sum of different
unit fractions?

3
10
2
5
3 3
1
1
15
1

Simplify again (these simplifying

steps can all be done in one go)

You can also use the idea of cancelling when you are
multiplying more than two fractions together.
You know that 32 means 3 3 3 we square fractions in
the same way.

2
1
2
3 3
1
1
1

54

12 3

3
2
2
3 3
3
1
1
1

To multiply fractions you just need to multiply the

numerators and the denominators of the two fractions.
For example:
2
2
232
4
3 5
5
3
5
335
15

7
237
7
7
22
22
14
3
5
5
5
3
3
5
33
33
33
5
5
533
15

Simplify again
(any numerator
with any denominator)

Multiplying and dividing fractions

2
45

Simplify

3
3
3
333
9
1
5 3 5
5 5 18
8
4
2
4
234
Often you can simplify the fractions, by cancelling
common factors, before doing the multiplication.
For example:
21
31
31
2
131
1
5
3
3
5
5
31
8
31
84
134
4

16
10
3
3 3
8
1
15

a15 b

5 15 3 15
9
9
5 3
5
5
5

Change to improper fractions

81
25
6

5 325

Write as a mixed number

EXAMPLE 3
Calculate:
a

1
115

10

115 3

3
3 3 10
8

16
10
3
3 3
8
1
15

3
3 10
8

a25 b

Change to improper
fractions

Division of fractions is a little more tricky.

Remember:
1
943593 53
3
1
842583 54
2

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1 Fractions and indices

Notice that the operation

4 3 is the same as 3 3

4 2 is the same as 3 2

3
3
4 3 4
17
7
5 2 4

9
16

68
20

Change to
improper fractions

35
20

In general, division by a number is the same as

multiplying by the numbers inverse.
Under multiplication, the inverse of
1
3

3 is
1
2

is 2

3
4

is

1 3 3 13 5 12

9
16
33
20

33
9
4
20
16

20
9
3
33
16

1 12 3 2 5 12

4
3

This line means

33
divide 169 by 20

Work out the

numerator and
denominator first

1 34 3 43 5 12

Using this idea, all divisions of fractions can be turned

into multiplications.
EXAMPLE 4

3
2
4
3
5

1
24

3
2
4
3
5

Calculate:

3
18

3
3
3
2
5
9
5
10

9
11
5 4
8
4
8
9
5 3
4
11
82
9
3
5
11
14
5

7
18
51
11
11

24 4 18

23 is the
same as x 3

Change to
improper
fractions

11

Simplify

Brackets first (note long dividing lines act like brackets)

Then Indices
Then Division and Multiplication
Then Addition and Subtraction
2

Calculate:
3

a4 b

35 2 14

This long dividing line acts like a

bracket telling us to work out the
numerator and denominator first.

11

Simplify

15
44

Exercise 1B

The order of operations (BIDMAS) also applies to

fractions, remember in calculations we do:

EXAMPLE 5

20
3
5
9
3
5 3
5
33
4
11
16
5

118 is the
same as x 8

33
20
is the same as x 20
33

Work out:
1
a 33
2
3
1
c
3
4
2
7
2
e
3
8
5
6
4
g
3
9
11

b
d
f
h

1
2
3
4
3
4
5
8

1
2
2
3
3
4
3
7
4
3
5
3

Calculate:
1

12 3 3

24 3 14

22 3 22

33 3 44

12 3 12

33 3 22

44 3 18

5 5 3 3 11
11

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1 Fractions and indices

Calculate:
1
1
a
4
2
4
3
1
c
4
4
4
7
2
4
e
8
5
6
4
4
g
9
11

f
h

22 4 14

23 4 14

14 4 22

32 4 13

45 4 13

55 4 27

g
i

47 4 17

34 4 63

Work out:
7
1
a
of 8 3 m
10

4
2
of 30 3 ml
5
5
3
14
3 3
7
8
15
7 2
a b
8
1

15 3

d
f
h

22
3

210 4 115 2 12

38 3

2
3
1
of a12 b
8

4
1
4 12
5

7
8
3
62
4
1

3
1
of 40 2 kg
5

32
1

12 1 24
38 2 16

69 2 49

24 2 13
7

32 1 15

4
1
5
1
1 32 3 17 2 72
5

18 3

14 1 25 3

a15 2 120 b 3 a13 1 15 2 215 b

22 3

23 4 25 3 12

5
1
2 3 4 14
11

2
1
of 3 tonnes
3
4
7
4
4
3
3
8
21
5
2 2
1
15 3 a b
3

Work out:
a
c
e

1 1 12 2 2

6 3 a13 1 12 b
3
34
4

7
18

1
1
2

15 1 24 3 13

17 3 a24 1 13 b

12

Work out:

7 Calculate:

1
1
4
3
2
7
3
4
8
4
3
4
4
4
5
3
4
4
7
14

1
3

24 3 12 3

a26 1 34 b 4 4

7
5
1
2 1
8
9
3

12 2 48 4 24

2
1
3
2
3 a14 1 15 b 1
7
10

A packet of biscuits has a mass of 13 kg.

2
Jason eats 5 of the packet.
What is the mass of biscuits left?

A rectangle measures 44 cm by 25 cm. What is

the area of the rectangle?
  EO
  EO
2

10 The area of a rectangular field is 130 3 m2.

1
What is the fields length if its width is 10 2 m?

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1 Fractions and indices

TECHNOLOGY

11

Need help with fractions?

Visit the website
www.coolmath.com
There is a complete course on fractions in the
prealgebra section. Choose the lessons you need
further help on.
Dont forget to do the questions!

3
4

litre bottles of washing-up liquid are taken

1
from a barrel holding 164 2 litres of liquid.

a
b

How many bottles can be filled from the

container?
When 75 bottles have been removed from
the container, what fraction of liquid
remains in the container?

12 Work out:
a
c

3
18

2
4
5

2 14 4 8

3
35

5
3
18
4

a2 15 b

13 What do the letters stand for in the following?

9
1
1
1
a a 3 14 5 34
b b 4 32 5
28
3
3
1
1
7
d 27 4 d 5
c 2c 3 34 5 712
7
e

1 123 2 2 3 e 5 1

14

f 2 5 225

14 Fill in the missing numbers:

20 4 18 5 53 3 u

B
b

2
5

14 3 40 5 u 4

1
1
5 3u
2
5
There are many possible answers to
part(c). Find some more answers pairs
and write down the connection between
the pairs of answers.
u4

INVESTIGATION

INVESTIGATION

Scientific calculators usually have a fractions key

which looks like:

a bc or
Examples of how to use it are:
35

To simplify 45 key in

a bc

You should see an answer of 9 .

1

To do 42 3 5 this depends on being able to type

mixed numbers into your calculator, or it you cant
find out how to do this change your fraction to
improper first
Try:

shift

Cursor
down

Cursor
right

27

You should see an answer of 10 or 210 or 2.7.

(Some calculators will let you set it up so that the
answer will be improper or a mixed number or a
decimal see what yours can do.)
1

Or you could do 42 3 5 as:

9
27

a bc

a bc

5 10 or 210 or 2.7.
Your calculator will add and subtract fractions too
and you can use calculator brackets.
There are many different makes of calculators. Find
out how to do calculations with fractions on your
calculator. You may need to look at the instructions
book if you have it, or you can ask your teacher.
Repeat some of the questions from the previous
exercises using your calculator.

Find as many pairs of fractions as you can

1
with a product of 2.
Find as many pairs of fractions as you can that
1
when divided give 2.

13

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1 Fractions and indices

1.2 Indices

Exercise 1C

A short way of writing:

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 is 34

Copy and complete:

a 34 5 3 3 3 3 ...... 5 81
b 54 5 5 3 5 3 ...... 5 u
c 27 5 2 3 2 3 ...... 5 u
d 25 5 5u 5 5 3 ......
e 49 5 7u 5 7 3 ......
f 8 5 2u 5 2 3 ......
g 81 5 3u 5 3 3 ......
h 10 000 5 10 3 10 3 ...... 5 10u
i 1 000 000 5 10 3 10 3 ...... 5 10u

Copy and complete:

a 32 3 34 5 3 3 3 3 ...... 5 3u
b 23 3 25 5 2 3 2 3 ...... 5 2u
c 75 3 7 5 7 3 7 3 ...... 5 7u
d 56 3 54 5 5 3 5 3 ...... 5 5u

Simplify:

34 is 3 raised to the power 4.

In the same way,
43 is 4 raised to the power 3.

43 5 4 3 4 3 4 5 64
The power is also called the index.
Notice that
43 3 42 5 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 5 45
That is, 43 3 42 5 4312 5 45
So long as the two numbers are powers of the same
number you can multiply them by adding their
indices. Using symbols,
am 3 an 5 am1n

EXAMPLE 6
Work out:
a 23 3 24
c p 3 p4
a
b
c
d

b
d

22 3 25 3 27
3x3 3 4x2

a
c

Do you agree that p3 3 p2 5 p5?

In the same way, simplify:
a a2 3 a3
b q5 3 q3
c r4 3 r6
d s10 3 s5
2
5
e p3p 3p
f
j3 3 j 7 3 j9
m
n
g a 3a
h pa 3 pb
i ma 3 mb 3 mc j xa 3 xm 3 xc

Simplify these, if possible, leaving the answer

in index form. If not possible, explain why.
a 26 3 27
b 23 3 32
c 32 3 42 3 52 d a2 3 a3
e a2 3 b3
f p2 3 p3 3 q2
g 2p2 3 p3
h p2 3 2p4 3 q 3 q2

Copy and complete:

34
3 3 3 3 ......
a
5
5 3u
2
3 3 ......
3
57
5 3 5 3 ......
b
5
5 5u
5 3 ......
53
7 3 7 3 ......
710
5
c
5 7u
7 3 ......
74

Simplify:
26
a
23
710
d
75

EXAMPLE 7
Work out:
a 57 4 53
c pm 4 pn
a
b
c
d
14

b
d

a12 4 a10
8y8 4 2y2

57 4 53 5 517232 5 54
a12 4 a10 5 a1122102 5 a2
pm 4 pn 5 p1m2n2
8y8 4 2y2 5 4y6

7 3 710 3 712
10 3 10 3 103

23 3 24 5 2314 5 27
22 3 25 3 27 5 221517 5 214
p 3 p4 5 p5
3x3 3 4x2 5 12x5

Notice also that

43434
43 4 42 5
5 41
434
That is 43 4 42 5 4322 5 41
l When two numbers are powers of the same
number, you can divide them by subtracting their
indices. Using symbols,
am 4 an 5 am2n

62 3 63 3 65 b
32 3 310 3 35 d

b
e

37
34
97
9

c
f

48
43
512
58

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1 Fractions and indices

8 Simplify, leaving your answer in index form.

b 57 4 54
a 63 4 62
6
3
c 12 4 12
d 75 4 7
e 209 4 204
f q2 4 q
6
5
g b 4b
h p7 4 1 p3 4 p 2
j 8p7 4 2p3
i y4 4 ym
6
2
k 6x 4 2x
l 14y10 4 7y5
10n6
m
2n3

EXAMPLE 9
Simplify:
a

b
a

w2 1 1 4w3 1 6w3 2 4 2w
1 R6 3 R4 2 2
R5

w2 1 1 4w3 1 6w3 2 4 2w Brackets first

Zero and negative indices

What does 50 mean?

5 w2 1 10w3 4 2w
Then the division

52 4 52 5 25 4 25 5 1, but
52 4 52 5 5222 5 50
So 50 5 1
Using symbols,
a0 5 1
Indices can also be negative.
For example,
63636
1
1
5
5 2
63 4 65 5
636363636
636
6
but 63 4 65 5 6325 5 6 22
1
so 622 5 2
6
Using symbols,
1
a2n 5 n
a

5 w2 1 5w2 5 6w2

1R 3 R 2
R2 3 R3
6

4 2

Finally the addition

This long dividing line acts

like brackets. Work out the
numerator and denominator first.

EXAMPLE 8
Simplify: 16 3 223.
1
1
5 16 3
3
2
3
232
2
1
5 16 3 5 2
8

16 3 223 5 16 3

Using the order of operations,

including brackets and powers.
The order of operations (BIDMAS) also applies to
indices, remember in calculations we do:

1 R614 2 2

1 R10 2 2

Brackets on the numerator

are worked out first

R213

Then the power of 2,

(R10)2 = R10 x R10 = R10+10 = R20

Brackets first (note long dividing lines act like brackets)

Then Indices
Then Division and Multiplication
Then Addition and Subtraction
15

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1 Fractions and indices

R20
R5

10 Copy and complete:

a 24 3 2u 5 27
c 24 4 2u 5 21
e 50 4 5u 5 523

Finally the division

5 R2025 5 R15

16

Copy and complete:

a 23 4 23 5 2u 5 1
b 35 4 35 5 3u 5 u
c 72 4 72 5 7u 5 u
d 910 4 910 5 9u 5 u
Write down the value of:
b 70
a 50
0
d m
e (12t)0

c
f

12 Simplify:
1 P3 2 2
a

p0
12t 0

Copy and complete:

4 3 .....
1
a 45 4 46 5
5
u
4 3 .....
b 45 4 46 5 41 2 5 421
1
c
5 421
u
Write as a fraction:
b 31
a 71
d 81
e 52
Write in index form:
1
b
a
6
1
d
e
100
a

56 4 58

c
f
b

x2 3 x3 4 x4
1 m 3 m4 2 2
1 y2 3 y3 2 2
1 y 3 y2 2 3

A5 4 A3 3 A4

x2 3 x7
x4

c
f

1
2
1
42

35 3 3u 5 33
4u 3 45 5 422
3u 4 33 5 321

11 Simplify and write as a fraction in its lowest

form:
a 3 3 321
b 4 3 422
c 12 3 223
1
d
e 16 3 224 f 9 3 323
3 42
4
22
2
g 422 3 12 h 322 3 421 i
a b
3
j 63 3 323

Exercise 1D
1

b
d
f

1 3T2 1 T2 2 4 T

g3 1 1 g4 1 g4 2 4 2g

INVESTIGATION

41
33

A 3 3 3 3 3 cube made up of
27smaller cubes is painted
greenon its outside.

1
20
1
53

How many of the smaller cubes

are unpainted?

h8 2
b 3 h3
h2

How many of the smaller cubes have 1 face

painted? 2 faces painted? 3 faces painted?

What about a 4 3 4 3 4 cube made up of

64smaller cubes?

Copy and complete the table.

p4 4 p7

Find:

By considering 47 4 49, show that 4 22 5 42.

By considering p5 4 p8, show that p 23 5 p3.

Look carefully at the first three below.

Then copy and complete the list.
1
0.1 5
5 1021
10
1
0.01 5
5 1022
100
1
0.001 5
5u
Such a small
1000
number!
5u
0.0001 5 u
0.00001 5 u
5u

Cube

No
faces
painted

1 face
painted

2 faces
painted

2 32 32
3 33 33
4 34 34
5 35 35

Any rules?
What about a 1 3 3 1 3 3 1 3 cube?

3 faces
painted

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1 Fractions and indices

Exercise 1E
1

A piece of ribbon is 50 cm long. How many

1
10 2 cm lengths of ribbon can be cut from it?
How much ribbon is left over?
2

What is the volume of this cuboid?

I walk 3 km to school then 2 2 km to the store

1
and 1 4 km back home. How far do I walk
altogether?

  EO
  EO

2
3

On each bounce a ball rises to of its previous

height. To what height will it rise after the
fourth bounce, if dropped from a height of
81 cm?
1

A bottle of juice holds 2 4 litres. How many

glasses of juice can be poured from the bottle
3
if each glass holds 8 litre?

10 This cuboid has side lengths 38 cm, 29 cm,

3
and 45 cm

  EO

11 Leon makes a mistake in his homework.

7
The question is: 245 3 35
Leon writes
7
245
9

3 35 5 29 3 7 5

25
9

315

175
9

5 199.

What mistake has he made?

12 Work out the values of v, w, x and y in these

statements:
a p6 3 pv 5 p9
b xw 4 x6 5 x 22
c Gx 3 G 2 5 G 2
d m8 3 my 4 m5 5 m7

A half-litre jug is filled with milk. It is used to

1
fill two cups, one holding 6 litre the other
2
7 litre. How much milk remains in the jug?
3 23 2 17

Calculate the exact value of

a
b
c
d

How many quarters in 16?

How many thirds in 3?
What is a tenth of ten?
What is three-tenths of three?

a
b

Find a tenth of three-quarters of $800.

Find three-quarters of a tenth of $800.

Three sons were to inherit their fathers

camels after his death. The will declared they
1 1

27

were to receive 2, 3 and 6 respectively.

Unfortunately, there were 25 camels to share
and they could not come to an agreement.
Awise man offered to solve their quarrel in
return for payment of one camel. Having
taken his camel, he quickly divided up the
rest. How many camels did each son receive?

13 Water flows through a hose pipe at a rate of

2
5 litre every second. Lucia is using this pipe to
fill a water tank which holds 90 litres. If she
1
leaves the water running for 32 minutes will
the water tank be full?
14 Copy out the table below. Draw lines to show
the equivalent expressions. One has been done
for you.
x2 3 x3

x11 3 x2 4 x10

x4
3 x2
x2 3 x

x2
x10
3
x3x
x3

x4 3 x2 3 x

x7 4 x2

x5 4 x8

x4 4

1 x4 2 2
x

15 Put these expressions in order starting with the

lowest index.
1 p5 3 p3 2 2
1 p4 3 p2 2 3
p30
1 p 3 p3 2
1 p2 3 p8 2 2
p5

17

111111111111111
111111111111111
1 Fractions and indices

Consolidation

Example 1
Work out:
a

34 1 25

1
2
1
4
5
5
8
551
1
20
20

551

47 is the
same as x 4
7

5
5

12
5

a
18

Exercise 1

2
1
1
3
2
6
2
2
7
3

3
4
1
7
8

62 2 28

22 3 33

44 4 25

25 1 17

3
2
3
3
5
4
2
4 13
5

6
2
4
7
3

14 1 17 3 23

13 3 a44 2 38 b 2 6

24
1

b 8x8 4 2x2
1 y3 3 y4 2 2
d
y16

27 3 23 5 2713 5 210

1 112 2 2

24 1 13
1

16
56
15
16
4
3
5
9
9
15
56

27 3 23
T 33 T 4
T7

20

1 15

Solutions:

1
y2

3 Work out:
4
3

Example 3
Simplify:

5 y14216 5 y 22 or

5
15
16
10
2
3
5 3 5
5
7
9
3
21
56

1 y3 3 y4 2 2
1 y7 2 2
y7 3 y7
y14
5 16 5
5 16
16
16
y
y
y
y

16
9
36
15
16
9
56
15

2 Work out:

1
13

T 33 T 4 T 7
5 7 5 T 727 5 T 0 5 1
T7
T

1 113 2 2

1 43 2 2

1 Work out:

Example 2
Work out:

334
5
5 12
131

20
6
3
5
5 114 5 17
14

2
25

8
9
3
3
2
3

22 4 14
5
7
5 4
2
4
5
4
5 3
7
2

8x8 4 2x2 5 4x822 5 4x6

8
9
5 3
3
2

13
13
5 5 20
20

551

42 3 23

13 1 7
1

17 3 26

25 2 14

4 Simplify:
a

y4 3 y2

58 4 52

48 4 412

m7 3 m3 3 m2

44 3 43 4 410
8m5
2m7

7x4 3 3x5
q20
1 q 3 q9 2 2

g
i

1 p2 3 p3 2 2
p9

h
j
1

1 R4 3 R5 2 2
1 R20 4 R2 2

5 A piece of cloth is 4 2 m long. Amandeep used

2
5 ofit.

What length did she use?