UNIT – 1

Unit-I Introduction: Historical development ,Vision of Cloud Computing, Characteristics of

cloud computing as per NIST , Cloud computing reference model ,Cloud computing
environments, Cloud services requirements, Cloud and dynamic infrastructure, Cloud
Adoption and rudiments .Overview of cloud applications: ECG Analysis in the cloud, Protein
structure prediction, Gene Expression Data Analysis ,Satellite Image Processing ,CRM and
ERP ,Social networking.

Cloud computing is a virtual environment that delivers hosted services such as servers,
databases, networking, analytics, and intelligence over the internet, ensuring innovation,
flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. Cloud computing has transformed how people use to save
documents and data previously.

Cloud computing represents a significant technological advancement that

revolutionizes how we design computing systems, develop applications, and utilize existing
services to create software. This innovation is built on the concept of dynamic provisioning.

 Dynamic Provisioning in Cloud Computing: Dynamic provisioning entails the capacity to

acquire virtual machines on demand. This flexibility is a key feature of cloud computing,
enabling scalability and resource allocation as needed.

 Services Delivered Over the Cloud: Cloud computing involves delivering services over the
Internet, commonly referred to as the “Cloud.” This approach allows organizations to rent
infrastructure, runtime environments, and services on a pay-per-use basis. Services include
servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and more.

 Ease of Use: Cloud computing simplifies access to services provided by other companies
over the network. It eliminates the need to understand the intricate details of hardware and
software infrastructure. What matters is the accessibility and functionality of the services.
 Everyday Use of Cloud Computing :
Most individuals use cloud computing daily without even realizing it. Examples include:
 Searching on Google: When you perform online searches, you’re utilizing cloud
computing infrastructure.
 Email: Services like Gmail offer cloud-based storage for your emails, making them
accessible from any device with an internet connection.
 Messaging over the Internet: Apps like WhatsApp or Facebook Messenger rely on
cloud infrastructure for real-time messaging.
 Watching videos on YouTube: Streaming services like YouTube store and deliver
videos from the cloud.

 CLOUD COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE

Cloud architecture consists of two major parts:

 Front End
 Back End
 Front End of cloud architecture: Everything with which the end user interacts is
part of the front-end infrastructure. The user interface is the result of integrating
various sub-components, such as browsers, tablets, mobile devices, etc. With the help
of the front end, the end user can connect to the cloud computing infrastructure. In
short, “the front end is the end that the client interacts with.”

 Back End of cloud architecture: The back end is everything the user does not
usually see and everything that processes the data. The service provider uses the back
end to manage all the resources required to provide cloud computing services, such as
data storage, security mechanisms, virtual machines, deploying models, servers,
traffic control mechanisms, and so on. In short, “the back end is the end that
service provider interacts with.”
 Components of cloud computing architecture
There are various components of cloud architecture. Some of those components are:
1. Client infrastructure: The client infrastructure component is a frontend component
that provides a graphical user interface (GUI) for users to interact with the cloud.
2. Application: An application is any platform, such as an app or software, provided by
a company through which clients can access the cloud.
3. Service: A cloud service manages the type of service a client uses based on his needs.
There are three types of services: SaaS (software as a service), PaaS (platform as a
service), and IaaS (infrastructure as a service).
4. Runtime cloud: The runtime cloud offers virtual machine implementation and
runtime environment.
5. Storage: The cloud computing storage component provides storage space in the cloud
for managing and storing data. Cloud storage is of three types: public cloud, private
cloud, and hybrid cloud.
6. Infrastructure: The infrastructure component provides services on three levels: the
host, the application, and the network. It includes the software and hardware
components required to support the cloud computing model, such as storage network
devices, servers, and other storage resources.
7. Management: The management component is in charge of managing backend
components such as storage services, applications, runtime cloud infrastructure, and
security issues, as well as establishing coordination.
8. Security: Security is the backend component of cloud computing that ensures data
security in the cloud.
9. Internet: The internet is the medium through which the frontend and backend
components communicate and interact.
 How does cloud computing architecture works
The operation of cloud computing architecture depends on the type of cloud you use. As
previously stated, there are various clouds, such as public, private, and hybrid, and no two
clouds are the same. As a result, the working of cloud architecture depends on the type of
cloud chosen.

1. Public cloud architecture: A cloud services provider owns and operates computing
resources, such as data storage, security mechanisms, virtual machines, etc, in a
public cloud architecture. The internet is used to share and redistribute those resources
among multiple tenants. The benefits of using the public cloud architecture include
lower operating costs, easy scalability, and little to no maintenance.
2. Private cloud architecture: A private cloud architecture is majorly owned and
managed by a company. Private cloud architecture can consist of multiple server
locations or leased space in geographically dispersed collocation facilities. Although
private cloud solutions are typically more expensive than public cloud solutions, they
are more customizable and can provide stringent data security and compliance
options.

3. Hybrid cloud architecture: A hybrid cloud environment combines the operational

efficiencies of the public cloud with the data security capabilities of the private cloud.
Hybrid cloud architecture help organizations consolidate IT resources while allowing
them to migrate workloads between environments based on their IT and data security
requirements by utilizing both public and private cloud architectures.
 Cloud Computing Models: The Cloud Computing Reference Model provides a
conceptual framework for understanding and categorizing the various components and
functions of cloud computing. It helps define the relationships and interactions between
different cloud computing elements. The most widely recognized and used reference
model is the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) Cloud Computing
Reference Architecture.

1. Software as a Service (SaaS) is a web-based deployment model that makes the

software accessible through a web browser. SaaS software users don’t need to care
where the software is hosted, which operating system it uses, or even which
programming language it is written in. The SaaS software is accessible from any
device with an internet connection.

This cloud service model ensures that consumers always use the most current version
of the software. The SaaS provider handles maintenance and support. In the SaaS
model, users don’t control the infrastructure, such as storage, processing power, etc.
 Characteristics of SaaS
There are the following characteristics of SaaS:
 It is managed from a central location.
 Hosted directly on a remote server.
 It is accessible over the Internet.
 SaaS users are not responsible for hardware and software updates.
 The services are purchased on a pay-as-per-use basis.

 Advantages SaaS
Here are the important advantages/pros of SaaS:
 The biggest benefit of using SaaS is that it is easy to set up, so you can start using
it instantly.
 Compared with on-premises software, it is more cost-effective.
 You don’t need to manage or upgrade the software, as it is typically included in a
SaaS subscription or purchase.
 It won’t use your local resources, such as the hard disk typically required to install
desktop software.
 It is a cloud computing service category that provides a wide range of hosted
capabilities and services.
 Developers can easily build and deploy web-based software applications.
 You can easily access it through a browser.

 Disadvantages SaaS
Here are the important cons/drawbacks of SaaS:
 Integrations are up to the provider, so it’s impossible to “patch” an integration on
your end.
 SaaS tools may become incompatible with other tools and hardware already used
in your business.
 You depend on the SaaS company’s security measures, so your data may be
compromised if any leaks occur.