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Cloud computing is a marketing term for technologies that provide computation,

software, data access, and storage services that do not require end-user knowledge of

the physical location and configuration of the system that delivers the services. A

parallel to this concept can be drawn with the electricity grid, where in end-users

consume power without needing to understand the component devices or infrastructure

required to provide the service.

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What is cloud computing?
Actually Cloud computing is
the delivery of different
services through the Internet.
these resources include tools
and applications like data
storage, servers, databases,
networking, and software.
Rather than keeping files on a
proprietary hard drive or local
storage device

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Cloud computing
definition:
Cloud computing is
an emerging
computing
technology that uses
the internet and
central remote
servers to maintain
data and application
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Why Cloud?

 Strategic and technical direction

 Efficiency and effectiveness

 Speed and agility

 Performance, availability and reliability

 Unprecedented capabilities for mission

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Advantages:
1. Back up and restore data

We know that any data is stored in the cloud, it is easier to

get back-up and restore that data using the cloud.

2. Mobility

Cloud computing allows us to easily access all cloud data

via mobile.
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3. Improve and collaboration
Cloud applications improve collaboration by allowing
groups of people to quickly and easily share information in
the cloud via shared storage.

4. Excellent accessibility

Cloud allows us to quickly and easily access store

information anywhere, anytime in the whole world, using an
internet connection. An internet cloud infrastructure
increases organization productivity and efficiency by
ensuring that our data is always accessible.
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5. Low maintenance cost
The cloud computing reduces both hardware and software
maintenance costs for organizations.

6. Services in the pay-per-use model

Cloud computing offers Application Programming Interfaces
(APIs) to the users for access services on the cloud and
pays the charges as per the usage of service.

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7. Unlimited storage capacity
Cloud offers us a huge amount of storing capacity for
storing our important data such as documents, images,
audio, video, etc. in one place.

8. Data security

Data security is one of the biggest advantages of cloud

computing. Cloud offers many advanced features related to
security and ensures that data is securely stored and
handled.

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Disadvantages
1. Internet Connectivity
As you know, in cloud computing, every data (image, audio,
video, etc.) is stored on the cloud, and we access these
data through the cloud by using the internet connection. If
you do not have good internet connectivity, you cannot
access these data. So we don’t have other way to use data
without internet.

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2. Vendor lock-in
Vendor lock-in is the biggest disadvantage of cloud
computing. Organizations may face problems when
transferring their services from one vendor to another. As
different vendors provide different platforms, that can cause
difficulty moving from one cloud to another.

3. Security
Although the cloud service providers implement the best
security standards to store vital information and document.

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But before adopting cloud technology, we should be aware that we will
be sending all your organization's sensitive information to a third party,
i.e., a cloud computing service provider. Whenever we send the data on
the cloud, there may be a chance that our organization's information is
hacked by Hackers.

4. Limited Control
As we know, cloud infrastructure is completely owned, managed, and
monitored by the service provider, so the cloud users have less control
over the function and execution of services within a cloud infrastructure.

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How does cloud computing works

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To understand how cloud computing works
A Cloud computing is an application-based software
infrastructure that stores data on remote serves, which can

be accessed through the internet. It can be divided into

two parts
Front end

Backend

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The front end is used by the client. It contains client-side interfaces
and applications that are required to access the cloud computing
platforms. The front end includes web servers (including Chrome,
Firefox, internet explorer, etc.), thin & fat clients, tablets, and mobile
devices.

The back end is used by the service provider. It manages all the
resources that are required to provide cloud computing services. It
includes a huge amount of data storage, security mechanism, virtual
machines, deploying models, servers, traffic control mechanisms, etc.

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Architecture of cloud computing

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Components of cloud computing
Clint infrastructure:
Client Infrastructure is a Front end component. It provides

GUI (Graphical User Interface) to interact with the cloud.

Application:
The application may be any software or platform that a
client wants to access.

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Service:
A Cloud Services manages that which type of service you
access according to the client’s requirement.

Cloud computing offers the following three type of services:

Such as: -
1.Software as a Service (SaaS)

2.Platform as a Service (PaaS)

3.Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

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Runtime cloud:
Runtime Cloud provides the execution and runtime
environment to the virtual machines.

Storage:
Storage is one of the most important components of cloud
computing. It provides a huge amount of storage capacity
in the cloud to store and manage data.

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Infrastructure
Actually it provides services on the host level, application level,
and network level. Cloud infrastructure includes hardware and software
components such as servers, storage, network devices, virtualization
software, and other storage resources that are needed to support the
cloud computing model.

Internet:
The Internet is medium through which front end and back end can
interact and communicate with each other.

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Management:
Management is used to manage components such as
application, service, runtime cloud, storage, infrastructure,
and other security issues in the backend and establish
coordination between them.

Security:
The Security is an in-built back end component of cloud
computing. It implements a security mechanism in the back
end.

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Cloud security
The full scope of cloud security is designed to protect the
following, regardless of our responsibilities:
oPhysical networks — routers, electrical power, cabling,
climate controls, etc.
oData storage — hard drives, etc.
oData servers — core network computing hardware and
software
oComputer virtualization frameworks — virtual machine
software, host machines, and guest machines
oOperating systems (OS) — software that houses

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o Middleware — application programming interface (API)

management,
o Runtime environments — execution and upkeep of a

running program
o Data — all the information stored, modified, and

accessed
o Applications — traditional software services (email, tax

software, productivity suites etc.)

o End-user hardware — computers, mobile devices, and

some internet connected device etc.

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 Amazon--EC/2 •Applications
Hosting •Services
Microsoft Azure
•Mash-ups

CPU

DISK RAM
Zmanda Google
Storage Compute Yahoo!
iDrive
Mozy
•Web pages •Mass Analytics
•User data •Internet search
•E-mail •Map/Reduce
•Images
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 Types of Clouds—Logical View
Public/Commercial—hosting and storage for anyone for a
fee
 Data and security concerns make this unlikely for the IC

Semi-private—shared services within a community or

dedicated services within a public offering
 We’re looking at how to do this with our IC partners

Private/Enterprise—local to an enterprise, company, or

agency
 We’re in the process of deploying our internal cloud

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Cloud deployment models

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Public:
This is the most common and all of the players mentioned above
(Amazon, Microsoft, Apple & Google) run public clouds accessible
anywhere with login credentials and the right web app.

Private:
This model offers the same kind of flexibility as the public cloud, but
with the infrastructure needs (hosting, data storage, IT staff,
etc.) provided by the companies or users of the service. Additionally,
the restricted access and hands-on management of hosting gives the

private model an extra layer of security.

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Community cloud:
community clouds are a collaborative, multi-tenant
platform used by several distinct organizations to
share the same applications. The users are
typically operating within the same industry or field
and share common concerns in terms of security,
compliance and performance.

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Hybrid:
Simply we can say the hybrid clouds combine
public clouds with private clouds. They are
designed to allow the two platforms to interact sea
mlessly
, with data and applications moving smoothly from
one to the other. It’s the perfect solution for a
business or organization who needs a little bit of
both options, usually dependent upon industry and
size.
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Cloud computing services
The cloud computing
services are separated
below into three main
categories: These are
software-as-a-service
(SaaS), platform-as-a-
service (PaaS) and
infrastructure-as-a-
service (IaaS).
Now I am going discuss
all of them.
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Software as a service
SaaS is the most common cloud service type. Many of us
use it on a daily basis. The SaaS model makes software
accessible through an app or web browser. Some SaaS
programs are free, but many require a monthly or annual
subscription to maintain the service. Requiring no hardware
installation or management, SaaS solutions are a big hit in
the business world. Say for example Salesforce, Dropbox
or Google Docs.

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Platform-as-a-Service
PaaS generally is a cloud environment supporting web
application development and deployment. PaaS supports
the full lifecycle of applications, helping users build, test,
deploy, manage and update all in one place. The service
also includes development tools, middleware and business
intelligence solutions. Notable examples include Windows
Azure, AWS Elastic Beanstalk and Google App Engine.

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Infrastructure-as-a-Service
IaaS provides all users with basic computer
infrastructure capabilities like data storage, servers
and hardware all in the cloud. IaaS gives businesses
access to large platforms and applications without the
need for large onsite physical infrastructures. For
examples of IaaS include DigitalOcean, Amazon EC2
and Google Compute Engine.

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Cloud Computing Technologies
Cloud computing system has lot of
cloud technologies but there are
few innovations of cloud computing
technologies those are listed
below.

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1. Virtualization
It is the process of sharing license keys to physical
instances of applications among different users of the
enterprise. The main purpose of this technology is to
provide a standard version of the cloud application to all
clients. Some types of virtualization are
Hardware Virtualization: If the virtual machine is directly
installed on hardware servers, it is called Hardware
virtualization.

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because it is easier to control a Virtual Machine than a
physical server.
Operating System Virtualization: If the virtual machine
is installed in a guest server instead of the hardware
system, it is called Operating system Virtualization.
Server Virtualization: If the virtual machine is installed
on the system, it is called server virtualization
Storage Virtualization: The process of collecting
physical storage from different network storage devices is
called storage virtualization.
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2. Service-Oriented Architecture
SOA is an application which divides the services into
individual business functions and procedure daily. This
unique component of cloud application enables cloud-
related arrangements that can be modified and adjusted on
request as business needs.
3. Grid Computing
This is a process of connecting multiple servers from
multiple to achieve a common goal. Grid computing turns
large problems into smaller ones and broadcast to servers
and place them within the grid.
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It is mainly applied in e-commerce and intended to share
the resources on huge scale cluster computing.

4. Utility Computing
This process relies on the pay-per-utilize model. It gives
computational services on demand for a metered benefit. It
mainly helps in cost-cutting by reducing initial investment.

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Characteristics of Cloud Computing:
On-demand service: You use it when you need it. No

upfront payment for the resources.

Network Access: Use the internet as a medium to

connect with all cloud services.

Shared resources: Computing resources are pooled

together & used by many end-users.

Scalability: Will allow you elasticity of resources i.e you

can ad-hoc demand the number of resources as you

desire.
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Different layers of cloud computing:

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Cloud layer: Cloud client layer comprises of the
following:
Device hardware such as PC’s, laptops and other
portable devices that are internet enabled.
Software such as operating system and browser to
access the cloud application over the internet.
Application layer: As I can say application layer consists
of the cloud application services.
The main advantages of using the cloud application layers
are below---

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The software can be accessed by the users from
anywhere via the web without having to install it on
their own computing devices.
Cloud application is easy to maintain and support
due to a centralized infrastructure.
Easy installation of patches and upgrade of cloud
systems due to centralized infrastructure

Platform layer: Platform layer consists of the cloud

platform as a service.

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Third party providers provide a computing platform and a
list of services to its customers using the cloud
infrastructure and application. So this good way that, the
customers don’t have to worry about the cost of paying and
supporting the underlying software and hardware.

Infrastructure layer:
Typically, third party providers use virtualization technology to build the
cloud infrastructure environment for their customers. Organizations
have the option to save on the cost of paying for buying servers,
software licenses, network equipment and data center space by
outsourcing to third party cloud service providers.

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Server layer:
Server layer consists of the computer hardware
with specific configurations (multi core processors
and memory) running cloud based operating
systems and applications for delivery of cloud
based services.

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Big data in the cloud
Big data refers to vast amounts of data that can be
structured, semi structured or unstructured. It can refer to
any of a large variety of types of data, and the data sets are
usually far too large to peruse or query on a regular
computer. Essentially, “Big Data” refers to the large sets of
data collected, while “Cloud Computing” refers to the
mechanism that remotely takes this data in and performs
any operations specified on that data.

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As we know Big Data is often generated by large, network-based
systems. It can be in either a standard or non-standard format. If the
data is in a non-standard format, artificial intelligence from the Cloud
Computing provider may be used in addition to machine learning to
standardize the data. From there, the data can be harnessed through
the Cloud Computing platform and utilized in a variety of ways. For
example, it can be searched, edited, and used for future insights. This
cloud infrastructure allows for real-time processing of Big Data. It can
take huge “blasts” of data from intensive systems and interpret it in
real-time.

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Virtualization in Cloud Computing
Virtualization in Cloud Computing is
making a virtual platform of server
operating system and storage devices.
This will help the user by providing
multiple machines at the same time it
also allows sharing a single physical
instance of resource or an application to
multiple users. The cloud Virtualizations
also manage the workload by
transforming traditional computing and
make it more scalable, economical and
efficient.
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Types of Virtualization:
Hardware Virtualization.

Operating system Virtualization.

Server Virtualization.

Storage Virtualization.

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GOOGLE CLOUD PLATFORM:

Google cloud platform or GCP offers IaaS and a deep technical strength
which lets it dominate the search market. GCP is a leader when it comes to
data analytics, machine learning, and AI. The cloud provider is entranced in
open systems and open source.

IBM CLOUD:

The provider boasts of a highly developed and in-depth enterprise solution

across the technology sector. Favored among the mid and the large sectors
IBM today has a footprint globally.

IBM is also placed pretty well in the multi-cloud landscape that is fast
emerging.

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ORACLE:

Oracle may have started late but it is catching up aggressively and has
gained huge credibility in the cloud platform. It is not a fully-featured
public cloud provider as it offers its strength in the database and other
core offerings on advanced and flexible cloud platforms.

ALIBABA:

The Singapore based giant Alibaba is a cloud leader in China and is

also making its sales pitch across the world. The company has a robust
cloud infrastructure and a range of networking, server, and operating
systems that have been build-out.

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CISCO SYSTEMS:

Cisco got a huge market with the internet and cloud computing. It is likely to not just
stand out as one of the dominant cloud players but is also expected to shape cloud
development.

ADOBE:

Adobe has been expanding its cloud base market to offer commerce and analytics.

VMware:

VMware is a cloud management platform that offers cloud computing and virtualization
software and services. It forms the bridge between the data center and the cloud
compilations.

ADOBE:

Adobe has been expanding its cloud base market to offer commerce and analytics.

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