CE 523

Behavior and Design of Steel Structures

First Semester 2024-2025 (241)

COMPOSITE STEEL-CONCRETE
CONSTRUCTION

Instructor: Dr. Abubakr E. S. Musa

Office: Bldg. 15, Room 5432
Phone: 013 860 5048
E-mail: abubakr.musa@kfupm.edu.sa
Office hours: Monday (2 – 4 PM), Wednesday (2 – 4 PM)

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 Objective

• Part#1: Design of composite beams

• Part#2: Design of composite columns

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Part #1: Design of composite beams

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 Composite beams

composite beams - Search Images 4

 Composite beams

composite beams - Search Images

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 Composite beams

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Structural Steel Design Sixth Edition JACK C. McCORMAC STEPHEN F. CSERNAK
 Composite beams

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Structural Steel Design Sixth Edition JACK C. McCORMAC STEPHEN F. CSERNAK
 Composite action

By neglecting friction, each carries part of the By neglecting friction, each carries part of the
load separately load separately
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Steel Structures: Design and Behavior, Salmon et al.
 Composite action

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Steel Structures: Design and Behavior, Salmon et al.
 Advantages

• Reduced weight of steel.

• Greater stiffness than noncomposite sections, and smaller

deflections—perhaps only 20 to 30 percent as large.

• The possibility of having smaller overall floor depths.

• Increased span length.

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 Effective width of the concrete slab

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Steel Structures: Design and Behavior, Salmon et al.
 Effective width of the concrete slab

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Steel Structures: Design and Behavior, Salmon et al.
 Effective width of the concrete slab

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Steel Structures: Design and Behavior, Salmon et al.
 Types of Construction (Shored/Unshored)

• Shored construction: temporary shoring is used to support the

formwork, wet concrete, and other construction loads. The
design in this case considers that all the loads will be supported
by the composite beam only.

• Unshored construction: no temporary shoring is provided and

the steel beam must support the formwork, wet concrete, and
other construction loads. This is designed at two stages, (a) the
steel beam alone to support construction load and (b) the
composite beam to carry the additional loads.

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 Flexural strength of composite beam

• The capacity is estimated considering full composite action.

• The plastic moment capacity is used to present the capacity of

the composite beam.

• The capacity heavily depends on the location of the plastic

neutral axis (PNA).

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 Flexural strength of composite beam

• Location of plastic neutral axis (PNA).

Case 1: PNA Case 2 PNA Strain

in the slab in the steel distribution
beam

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 Flexural strength of composite beam

Case 1: PNA is in the Concrete Slab

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 Flexural strength of composite beam

Case 2: PNA is in the Steel Section

First, assuming that we find the PNA is in the flange

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 Flexural strength of composite beam

Case 2: PNA is in the Steel Section

If the PNA is within the flange, Mp can be found as follows

Similar procedure can be followed to estimate Mp for cases the PNA is located within the web
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 Flexural strength of composite beam

AISC Manual Tables

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 Flexural strength of composite beam
AISC Manual Tables

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 Flexural strength of composite beam
AISC Manual Tables

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 Flexural strength: Example 1

Description: Compute ϕbMn for the composite section shown in if

f’c = 4 ksi and Fy = 50 ksi.

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Structural Steel Design Sixth Edition JACK C. McCORMAC STEPHEN F. CSERNAK
 Flexural strength: Example 1

Solution:

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Structural Steel Design Sixth Edition JACK C. McCORMAC STEPHEN F. CSERNAK
 Flexural strength: Example 1

Solution:

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Structural Steel Design Sixth Edition JACK C. McCORMAC STEPHEN F. CSERNAK
 Flexural strength: Example 1

Solution: Using Table 3-19 of the AISC Manual

Needed data:
Y1 = 0
Y2 = 5 − 4.28/2 = 2.86 in.
Fy=50 ksi
Steel section: W30 x 99

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Structural Steel Design Sixth Edition JACK C. McCORMAC STEPHEN F. CSERNAK
Flexural strength: Example 1

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 Flexural strength: Example 2

Description: Compute ϕbMn for the composite section shown in if

f’c = 4 ksi and Fy = 50 ksi.

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Structural Steel Design Sixth Edition JACK C. McCORMAC STEPHEN F. CSERNAK
 Flexural strength: Example 2

Solution:

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Structural Steel Design Sixth Edition JACK C. McCORMAC STEPHEN F. CSERNAK
 Flexural strength: Example 2

Solution:

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Structural Steel Design Sixth Edition JACK C. McCORMAC STEPHEN F. CSERNAK
 Flexural strength: Example 2

Solution:

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Structural Steel Design Sixth Edition JACK C. McCORMAC STEPHEN F. CSERNAK
 Flexural strength: Example 2

Solution: Using Table 3-19 of the AISC Manual

Needed data:
Y1 = 0.592 in.
Y2 = 2.0 in.
Fy=50 ksi
Steel section: W30 x 116

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Structural Steel Design Sixth Edition JACK C. McCORMAC STEPHEN F. CSERNAK
 Flexural strength: Example 2

Solution:

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AISC Manual
 Slab to beam connection

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Structural Steel Design Sixth Edition JACK C. McCORMAC STEPHEN F. CSERNAK
 Slab to beam connection

Different types of steel connectors:

• Studs (covered in this course)

• Spirals

• Channels

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Structural Steel Design Sixth Edition JACK C. McCORMAC STEPHEN F. CSERNAK
 Slab to beam connection

Load Transfer for Positive Flexural Strength

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AISC Specifications
 Slab to beam connection
Load Transfer for Positive Flexural Strength
• Depends on the location
of the PNA
• The smallest of

AND

• It should be less than the strength

of shear connectors

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Structural Steel Design Sixth Edition JACK C. McCORMAC STEPHEN F. CSERNAK
 Slab to beam connection
Load Transfer for Negative Flexural Strength

• The yielding of reinforcement controls.

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Structural Steel Design Sixth Edition JACK C. McCORMAC STEPHEN F. CSERNAK
 Strength of Headed Stud Anchors Qn

In this expression, Asa is the cross-sectional area of the shank of

the anchors in square inches and f’c is the specified compressive
stress of the concrete in ksi. Ec is the modulus of elasticity of the
concrete in ksi and equals in which w is the unit weight of
the concrete in lb/ft3, while Fu is the specified minimum tensile
strength of the steel stud in ksi. Rg is a coefficient used to account
for the group effect of the anchors, while Rp is the position effect of
the anchors. Values of these latter two factors are given in AISC
Specification (I8.2a).
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Structural Steel Design Sixth Edition JACK C. McCORMAC STEPHEN F. CSERNAK
 Strength of Headed Stud Anchors Qn

Using Table 3-21 of the AISC Manual

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 Strength of Headed Stud Anchors Qn

Using Table 3-21 of the AISC Manual

Deck Parallel:
Ribs of the Deck Perpendicular:
deck oriented Ribs of the deck oriented
parallel to the perpendicular to the steel
steel beam beam (Weak or Strong ?)
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 Strength of Headed Stud Anchors Qn

Using Table 3-21 of the AISC Manual

No deck Deck parallel

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AISC Specifications
 Strength of Headed Stud Anchors Qn

Using Table 3-21 of the AISC Manual

Deck Perpendicular: Ribs of the deck oriented perpendicular to the steel beam (Weak or Strong ?)

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AISC Specifications
 Additional Requirements of Shear Studs

Spacing along the longitudinal axis of the beam:

• The maximum spacing: 8 ts, or 36 in.

• Minimum spacing: 6 d.

At least 1 in of lateral concrete cover should be provided for

steel anchors.

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AISC Specifications
 Additional Requirements of Shear Studs
• Minimum center-to-center spacing of steel anchors shall be 4
diameters in any direction.

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AISC Specifications
 Design Example

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Steel Structures: Design and Behavior, Salmon et al.
 Design Example

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Steel Structures: Design and Behavior, Salmon et al.
 Design Example

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Steel Structures: Design and Behavior, Salmon et al.
 Design Example

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Steel Structures: Design and Behavior, Salmon et al.
 Design Example

Assume the PNA is in the Concrete Slab

Assume a = 1 in. and use the AISC Table. The value of 𝑎 can be refined later.

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 Flexural strength: Example 2

Using Table 3-19 of the AISC Manual

Needed data:
Y1 = 0 in. (The PNA is in the slab)
𝑎
Y2 = 𝑡𝑠 − = 3.5 in.
2

Fy=50 ksi
Mu = 303

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Structural Steel Design Sixth Edition JACK C. McCORMAC STEPHEN F. CSERNAK
 Design Example

Look for a composite section with a

capacity of about = 303 k-ft

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AISC Manual
 Design Example

Possible options:

d) Calculate the moment capacity using one of the possible section.

Try W16x 26

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Steel Structures: Design and Behavior, Salmon et al.
 Design Example

Find the location of the PNA

within the slab

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Steel Structures: Design and Behavior, Salmon et al.
 Design Example

OK

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Steel Structures: Design and Behavior, Salmon et al.
 Design Example
e) Check the strength of steel section to support construction loads

• Assume adequate lateral support is provided during construction.

• The section W16x26 is a compact section. Thus ØMP can be used.

• To consider the wet concrete load, it is assumed that 50 % of the wet

concrete as a live load. Thus, the ultimate load from the wet concrete can

be obtained by 1.2 (0.5Wc)+1.6 (0.5Wc) =1.4 Wc (instead of 1.2 Wc).

• 20 to 25 psf should be included for construction load (20 psf is used here)

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Steel Structures: Design and Behavior, Salmon et al.
 Design Example

OK

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Steel Structures: Design and Behavior, Salmon et al.
 Design Example

f) Design for shear connectors

< As Fy

Controls

Try ¾ inch studs with a length of 3 inches

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Steel Structures: Design and Behavior, Salmon et al.
 Design Example

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Steel Structures: Design and Behavior, Salmon et al.
 Design Example

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Steel Structures: Design and Behavior, Salmon et al.
 Design Example

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Steel Structures: Design and Behavior, Salmon et al.
Part#2: Design of composite columns

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 Composite columns
Composite columns are constructed with rolled or built-up steel shapes
encased in concrete, or with concrete placed inside HSS or pipe sections.
The resulting members are able to support significantly higher loads than
reinforced-concrete columns of the same sizes.

Encased column Concrete-filled steel tube (CFST)

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Structural Steel Design Sixth Edition JACK C. McCORMAC STEPHEN F. CSERNAK
 AXIAL FORCE: Encased Composite Members

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AISC Specifications
 AXIAL FORCE: Encased Composite Members

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AISC Specifications
 AXIAL FORCE: Encased Composite Members

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AISC Specifications
 AXIAL FORCE: Encased Composite Members

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AISC Specifications
 AXIAL FORCE: Encased Composite Members

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AISC Specifications
 Example : Encased Column

Problem Statement: Compute the values of ϕPn, for the axially loaded

encased composite column shown if Lc = 12.0 ft, Fy = 50 ksi, and f’c = 3.5

ksi. The concrete weighs 145 lb/ft3 .

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Structural Steel Design Sixth Edition JACK C. McCORMAC STEPHEN F. CSERNAK
 Example : Encased Column

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Structural Steel Design Sixth Edition JACK C. McCORMAC STEPHEN F. CSERNAK
 Example: Encased Column

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Structural Steel Design Sixth Edition JACK C. McCORMAC STEPHEN F. CSERNAK
 AXIAL FORCE: Filled Composite Members
The concrete changes the buckling mode

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AISC Specifications
 AXIAL FORCE: Filled Composite Members
The concrete changes the buckling mode

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AISC Specifications
 AXIAL FORCE: Filled Composite Members
To prevent local buckling

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AISC Specifications
 AXIAL FORCE: Filled Composite Members

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AISC Specifications
 AXIAL FORCE: Filled Composite Members

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AISC Specifications
 AXIAL FORCE: Filled Composite Members
Pno is determined as follows:

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AISC Specifications
 AXIAL FORCE: Filled Composite Members

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AISC Specifications
 AXIAL FORCE: Filled Composite Members

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AISC Specifications
 AXIAL FORCE: Filled Composite Members

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AISC Specifications
 Example: Filled Composite Members

Problem Description: Determine the LRFD design strength ϕcPn of a

concrete-filled 46 ksi HSS 12 × 12 × 1/2 section filled with 4 ksi concrete
weighing 145 lb/ft 3 . (Lc)x = (Lc)y = 16 ft.

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Structural Steel Design Sixth Edition JACK C. McCORMAC STEPHEN F. CSERNAK
 Example: Filled Composite Members

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Structural Steel Design Sixth Edition JACK C. McCORMAC STEPHEN F. CSERNAK
 Example: Filled Composite Members

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Structural Steel Design Sixth Edition JACK C. McCORMAC STEPHEN F. CSERNAK
 Example: Filled Composite Members

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Structural Steel Design Sixth Edition JACK C. McCORMAC STEPHEN F. CSERNAK
 Example: Filled Composite Members

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Structural Steel Design Sixth Edition JACK C. McCORMAC STEPHEN F. CSERNAK
End of TOPIC# 7

THANK YOU
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