Scribd
Upload
68 views

MRI Encoding and Image Formation

Uploaded by

Sneha B
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
68 views

MRI Encoding and Image Formation

Uploaded by

Sneha B
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

MRI Encoding and Image Formation:

Introduction
 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) generates detailed images of tissues
by detecting the signals emitted by hydrogen protons when subjected to
strong magnetic fields and radiofrequency pulses.
 Image formation in MRI is a complex process that relies on spatial
encoding to map where signals originate within the body.
 The foundation of MRI encoding is manipulating magnetic fields
through gradients and measuring the resulting signals using various
encoding techniques to form an image.

Encoding
 Locating the signal in 3 dimensions so that it can positioned each
signals at correct points on the image.
 First locate a slice.
 Once a slice is selected, the signal is located or encoded along
both axis of the image.

These are performed by gradients.


 Select a slice
 Locate/encode signal along both axis of the image
 Locating slice & encoding signal is performed by gradients
Gradients
 Gradients are central to MRI's ability to localize signals from different
regions in the body.
 In the context of MRI, the term "gradient" refers to a controlled variation
of the magnetic field strength along a particular spatial direction.

3 gradients coils situated within the bore of the magnet.


• These directions in a super conducting magnet.
o Z- gradient alters the magnetic field strength along the z- (long) axis
of the magnet.
o Y – gradient alters the magnetic field strength along the Y-(vertical)
axis of the magnet.
o X- gradient alters the magnetic field strength along the X-
(horizontal) axis of the magnet.
Gradients also perform the 3 main tasks in encoding-
1. Slice selection
2. Phase encoding
3. Frequency encoding
Slice Selection
 Slice selection enables the MRI scanner to isolate a thin cross-sectional "slice"
of tissue for imaging.
- A gradient is applied along an axis, creating a magnetic field variation.
- An RF pulse with a specific frequency is applied, exciting protons in the
targeted slice.
- Only protons in that slice are excited, producing a signal, while others
remain undisturbed.
 Note:-
 To achieve the axial slices then cut the z-gradient.
 To achieve the coronal slices then cut the Y-gradient.
 To achieve the sagittal slices then cut the X-gradient.
Frequency Encoding
 After slice selection, a second gradient (frequency encoding gradient) is
applied along one axis of the selected slice (commonly the x-axis).
 This causes protons in different locations along this axis to precess at different
frequencies.
 By analyzing the frequencies of the signals, the scanner can determine the
position of protons along the x-axis.

Phase Encoding
 Phase encoding is used to differentiate between protons along the other in-
plane axis (commonly the y-axis).
 A gradient is briefly applied along this axis, causing protons to precess at
different rates for a short time.
 When the gradient is turned off, the protons return to their original
frequencies, but their phases are now different depending on their position
along the y-axis.
 This phase shift provides spatial information in the y-direction.
Sampling
 Once frequency and phase encoding are complete, the MRI system collects
the signals in the form of echoes, which are digitized and stored in a data
matrix called k-space.
 This data is then processed using a mathematical technique called the Fourier
Transform, which converts the signal data into an image of the tissue being
scanned.
 These encoding steps together provide the spatial information necessary for
MRI image formation.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy