Experiment No.

Title of the experiment:Test on variable speed petrol engine

Aim:To conduct variable speed performance test on a four stroke, three cylinder petrol engine
and plot graphs of Brake power, Brake specific fuel consumption, Brake thermal
efficiency, Torque and Volumetric efficiency Vs speed.

Apparatus: Four stroke multi-cylinder petrol engine with eddy current dynamometer with all
instrumentation to measure various parameters.
Theory:

Spark ignition engines are often used for automotive applications. It is important to
understand brake thermal efficiency, brake mean effective pressure, torque, volumetric
efficiency over the working speed range. For this purpose variable speed test at full load
and part load is conducted .To test the engine at full load throttle valve is kept wide open
and brake load is adjusted to obtain lowest desired speed. The ignition timing may be set
at maximum torque for this speed. The rate of air consumption, fuel consumption and
load are recorded at various speeds.

Description of experimental set up:

The setup consists of three cylinder, four stroke, Petrol (MPFI) engine connected to eddy
current type dynamometer for loading. It is provided with necessary instruments for
combustion pressure and crank-angle measurements. These signals are interfaced to
computer through engine indicator for Pθ-PV diagrams. Provision is also made for
interfacing airflow, fuel flow, temperatures and load measurement. The set up has stand-
alone panel box consisting of air box, fuel tank, manometer, fuel measuring unit,
transmitters for air and fuel flow measurements, process indicator, load indicator and
engine indicator. Rotameters are provided for cooling waterand calorimeter water flow
measurement. The setup enables study of engine performance for brake power, indicated power,
frictional power, BMEP, IMEP, brake thermal efficiency, indicated thermal efficiency,
Mechanical efficiency, volumetric efficiency, specific fuel consumption, A/F ratio and heat
balance.

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Specification of test set up:
Engine make : Maruti
Engine power : 27.6 KW
Engine max speed : 5000 RPM
Cylinder bore : 66.5mm
Stroke length : 72.0mm
Connecting rod length : 114 mm
Compression ratio : 9.2:1
Compression type : FCR
Stoke type : Four
No. of cylinders : Three
Speed type : Variable
Cooling type : Water
Dynamometer type : Eddy current
Data acquisition device : USB-6210
Calorimeter used : Pipe in pipe
Fuel density : 740 kg/m3
Calorific value : 44000 kJ/kg
Orifice coefficient of : 0.60
discharge
Sp. heat of exhaust gas : 1.00kJ/kg-K
Dynamometer arm length : 210 mm

Procedure:
1. Ensure cooling water circulation for eddy current dynamometer, piezo sensor, engine
cooling and calorimeter.
2. Start the set up and run the engine at no load for 4-5 minutes.
3. Gradually increase throttle to full open condition and load the engine simultaneously
maintaining engine speed at @ 5000 RPM.
4. Wait for steady state (for @ 3 minutes) and collect the reading as per Observations Table

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 5. Gradually increase the load to decrease the speed in steps of @500 RPM up to @ 2000
RPM and repeat the observations.
6. Estimate Brake power, Brake mean effective pressure, Air/Fuel ratio, Brake thermal
efficiency, Volumetric efficiency, Brake specific fuel consumption at various speeds and
plot graphs
Observation Table:
Fuel Engine
Engine Manometer Calorimeter
Load flow cooling
Speed Deflection water T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
(kg) (sec/100 water
(rpm) (mm) (Lph)
ml) (Lph)
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500

T1=Engine water inlet temperature (Deg C)

T2=Engine water outlet temperature (Deg C)
T3 = Calorimeter water outlet temperature (Deg C)
T4 =Calorimeter water outlet temperature (Deg C)
T5 =Exhaust gas inlet to calorimeter ((Deg C)
T6 =Exhaust gas outlet to calorimeter ((Deg C)

Calculations:

Torque (T) = Weight (Kg) ×g(9.81 m/s2) ×arm length(m)

2 N T
Brake Power  ( KW )
60000

BP  60
Brake mean effective pressure (bar )
 2 N
D  L   No. of cylinders
4 2

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 BP ( KW )  3600
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ( BSFC) 
Fuel flow rate (kg / hr )

BP ( KW )
Brake Thermal Efficiency 
Fuel flow rate (kg / sec)  CV


Mass flow rate of air (m a )  Cd  A  2 gha   a

hw   w  ha   a  ha  ............

Cd =Coefficient of discharge of orifice plate=0.6

D =Diameter of orifice plate=0.035 m

ρw =Density of water =1000 Kg/m3

P
ρa =Density of air=  ………. Kg/m3
RT

 100 ml 10 6   f
Mass fow rate of fuel (m f )  kg / sec
t

t = Time required for consumption of 100 ml (sec)


(m a )
A / F ratio  
(m f )


Mass flow rate of air (m a )
Volumetric efficiency 
 N
 D2  L  ( )  No. of cylinders
4 2  60

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Heat Balance Sheet:

Heat Supplied KW % Heat Utilized KW %

a. Heat equivalent of BP
b. Heat carried away by
 jacket cooling water
(m f  CV ) 100
c. Heat carried away by
exhaust gases
d. Unaccounted heat loss
Total 100 Total 100


1. HeatSupplied  ( m f  CV )  ..............KW
a. Heatequivalent of BP  .......................KW

b. Heat carried away by jacket cooling water  mw Cpw T2  T1   ...........KW

c. Heat carried away by exhaust gases  meg C peg T5  Ta   .......... ....KW
  
Exhaust gas calorimeter heat balance  mw C pw T4  T3   meg C peg T5  T6  meg C peg  ..............
d . Unaccounted Heat Loss 1  a  b  c   .......... .....KW

Heat loss unaccounted

Heat carried away by

Heat carried away by

exhaust gases(%)
cooling water(%)
Brake Thermal

To useful work
Efficiency (%)

Air/ Fuel ratio

Efficiency (%)

Heat supplied
Volumetric
Torque
BMEP
(rpm)

(kW)

(bar)

Heat
N-m

(%)

(%)
BP
N

Result Table:

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2500
3000
3500
4000
4500

Conclusion: