Database and

MySQL
MODULE II
Database Server:

 A database that is implemented and interfaced on a

computer is called a database server.
 One of the fastest SQL database server currently in the
market is the MySQL server, which is developed by
Swedish company TcX in 1994.
 http://dev.mysql.com/downloads
 Available free for general public for private and
commercial use.
 Database and Database
Management System

Student_id Name Grade  Database is simply a collection of

data. In relational database, data is
101 Asha A organized into tables.
 Database Management System
102 Jatin B (DBMS) is software to maintain and
utilize the collections of data (Oracle,
103 Avi A MySQL, etc.)
Database and Database
Management System
Column (Field): Particular information is called a column. In the above
example, there is one column for Student_id, one column for Name,
and so on.
Row(Record): Collection of related columns makes a row (record). In
the example student_id, name, grade of a student together will make
a row.
Table( File): Collection of related rows makes a table. In the example
above, all the rows together is called as a table.
Database: Collection of related tables makes a database. i.e. a
database is a set of related information.
Generally, a Database contains tables, table contains rows and
columns.
 Example of Database

Student_id Name Grade Student_id DOB Address

101 Asha A 101 15/12/1998 Andheri
102 01/12/1999 Khar
102 Jatin B

103 08/03/1998 Bandra

103 Avi A

Rows
MySQL Introduction

 MySQL is a database management

system
 SQL stands for the Structured Query
Language. It defines how to insert,
retrieve, modify and delete data.
Basic MySQL Operations

 Create table  Modify table

 Insert records  Join table
 Load data  Drop table
 Retrieve records  Count, Like, Order by, Group by
 Update records
 Delete records
 8
MySQL

 MySQL is a very popular, open source

database.
 Officially pronounced “my Ess Que Ell” (not my
sequel).
 Handles very large databases; very fast
performance.
SQL: Non-Procedural Query Language

A procedural language defines both the desired results and

the mechanism, or process, by which the results are
generated.
Non-procedural languages also define the desired result, but
not the process; the process by which the results are
generated is left to database engine.
SQL statements define the necessary inputs and outputs, but
not the process; the database engine will look at SQL
statements and taking into account all the aspects, it will
decide the most efficient execution path.
 10
Connecting to MySQL

 MySQL provides an interactive shell for

creating tables, inserting data, etc.
 On Windows, just go to c:\mysql\bin, and
type:
 mysql

 Or, click on the Windows icon

How MySQL stores data (by default)

 A MySQL server can store several databases

 Databases are stored as directories
 Default is at /usr/local/mysql/var/
 Tables are stored as files inside each database
(directory)
 Sample Session
 For example:

Enter password: *****

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 241 to server version: 3.23.49

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

mysql>

 To exit the MySQL Shell, just type QUIT or EXIT:

mysql> QUIT
mysql> exit

12
Basic Queries

 Once logged in, you can try some simple queries.

 For example:

mysql> SELECT VERSION(), CURRENT_DATE; Command in MySQL

+-----------+--------------+
| VERSION() | CURRENT_DATE | Heading of the answer
+-----------+--------------+
| 3.23.49 | 2016-06-29 | Answer
+-----------+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec) Number of rows in the
answer and time taken to
display the answer.
 Note that most MySQL commands end with a semicolon (;)
 MySQL returns the total number of rows found, and the total time to execute the query. 15
Basic Queries

 Keywords may be entered in any lettercase.

 The following queries are equivalent:

mysql> SELECT VERSION(), CURRENT_DATE;

mysql> select version(), current_date;
mysql> SeLeCt vErSiOn(), current_DATE;

16
 Basic Queries

 You can also enter multiple statements on a single line. Just end
each one with a semicolon:

mysql> SELECT VERSION(); SELECT NOW();

+--------------+
| VERSION() |
+--------------+
| 3.22.20a-log |
+--------------+
+---------------------+
| NOW() |
+---------------------+
| 2004 00:15:33 |
+---------------------+
17
Basic Queries

 Here's another query. It demonstrates that you can

use mysql as a simple calculator:

mysql> SELECT SIN(PI()/4), (4+1)*5;

+-------------+---------+
| SIN(PI()/4) | (4+1)*5 |
+-------------+---------+
| 0.707107 | 25 |
+-------------+---------+

18
 Multi-Line Commands

 mysql determines where your statement ends by looking for

the terminating semicolon, not by looking for the end of the
input line.
 Here's a simple multiple-line statement:

mysql> SELECT
-> USER()
-> ,
-> CURRENT_DATE;
+--------------------+--------------+
| USER() | CURRENT_DATE |
+--------------------+--------------+
| joesmith@localhost | 1999-03-18 |
+--------------------+--------------+
19
Canceling a Command

 If you decide you don't want to execute a command that you are in the
process of entering, cancel it by typing \c

mysql> SELECT
-> USER()
-> \c
mysql>

20
 Using a Database

 To get started on your own database, first check which databases currently
exist.
 Use the SHOW statement to find out which databases currently exist on the
server:

mysql> show databases;

+----------+
| Database |
+----------+
| mysql |
| test |
+----------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
21
Using a Database

 To create a new database, issue the “create database” command:

 mysql> create database webdb;
 To the select a database, issue the “use” command:

 mysql> use webdb;

22
Creating a Table

 Once you have selected a database, you can view all

database tables:
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.02 sec)
 An empty set indicates that I have not created any
tables yet.

23
Creating a Table

 Let’s create a table for storing pets.

 Table: pets
➢ name: VARCHAR(20)
➢ owner: VARCHAR(20)
➢ species: VARCHAR(20)
➢ sex: CHAR(1)
VARCHAR is
➢ birth: DATE
➢ death: DATE
usually used
to store string
data.

24
Creating a Table

 To create a table, use the CREATE TABLE command:

mysql> CREATE TABLE pet (

-> name VARCHAR(20),
-> owner VARCHAR(20),
-> species VARCHAR(20),
-> sex CHAR(1),
-> birth DATE, death DATE);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

25
Showing Tables

 To verify that the table has been created:

mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+------------------+
| pet |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

26
Describing Tables
 To view a table structure, use the DESCRIBE
command:

mysql> describe pet;

+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| owner | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| species | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | char(1) | YES | | NULL | |
| birth | date | YES | | NULL | |
| death | date | YES | | NULL | |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.02 sec)

27
Loading Data

 Use the INSERT statement to enter data into a table.

 For example:

INSERT INTO pet VALUES

('Fluffy','Harold','cat','f',
'1999-02-04',NULL);
 The next slide shows a full set of sample data.

28
More data… 29

name owner species sex birth death

Fluffy Harold cat f 1993-02-04

Claws Gwen cat m 1994-03-17

Buffy Harold dog f 1989-05-13

Fang Benny dog m 1990-08-27

Bowser Diane dog m 1998-08-31 1995-07-29

Chirpy Gwen bird f 1998-09-11

Whistler Gwen bird 1997-12-09

Slim Benny snake m 1996-04-29

Selecting All Data

 The simplest form of SELECT retrieves everything from a

table
mysql> select * from pet;
+----------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+----------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| Fluffy | Harold | cat | f | 1999-02-04 | NULL |
| Claws | Gwen | cat | f | 1994-03-17 | NULL |
| Buffy | Harold | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |
| Fang | Benny | dog | m | 1999-08-27 | NULL |
| Bowser | Diane | dog | m | 1998-08-31 | 1995-07-29 |
| Chirpy | Gwen | bird | f | 1998-09-11 | NULL |
| Whistler | Gwen | bird | | 1997-12-09 | NULL |
| Slim | Benny | snake | m | 1996-04-29 | NULL |
+----------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+ 30
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Deleting a Table

 To delete an entire table, use the DROP TABLE command:

mysql> drop table pet;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

31