University of Rajshahi Department of Computer Science and Engineering BSc Engineering in Computer Science and Engineering 4° year Odd Semester Examination Course: CSE4181 (Digital mage Processing) Full mark: 52.5 Time: 3 hours ‘Answer sh ding any three from each section : Section 1, (a) Define the terms: discrete image, contrast, dynamic range. a (b) Discuss how sampling and quantization affects the quality of digital image. 3 (c) How digital image is represented? The amount of ight reflected from any object represents 2. its intensity — explain, 2. (a) There are three levels between image processing and computer vision ~ illustrate with examples. 3 (b) What is resolution of an image? Explain spatial resolution and intensity level resolution. 3 {c} Define histogram of an image. What type of information of image is represented by histogram? 2.75, 3. (a) Consider a 4x4 image segment having the gray scale between [0, 9]. Find the histogram equalized 3.75 Image and draw the Image histogram before and after equalization. 1322 4241 3345 2136 {(b) Define image enhancement and compare its two broad categories. 3 {c) illustrate the application logarithmic transformation with suitable example. : 2 4, (a) Discuss how point processing works for image enhancement. 275 (b) Why log transform is used in image enhancement? Explain with proper example, 3.25 ¢ (©) Suppose you have an image of landscape and you would Ike toncrease the intensity of specie, 2.75 gray levels. Which transformation is required? Explain. Sectior 5. (a) Mention the general model of spatial filtering for image enharicement, Discuss the effects 3 ‘of mask size in spatial filtering, (b) Define cross convolution and autocorrelation with example. Mention the applications of 275 autocorrelation, (c) Why edge detection is necessary? Explain thresholding based Image enhancement. 3‘ 6. (a) Illustrate the application of shart Using derivative filter. (b) Compare frequency domain filtering ening filter in image enhancement. Formulate Laplacian mask 3 with spatial domain. Illustrate the Fourier transform of the 3 following function: fe) 1 i SI = > } {€) Explain the limitations of ideal sharpening filter. How it can be resolved? 275 7. (2) Why image segmentation is necessary? Illustrate the Process of detecting horizontal and vertical 3.75 lines in an image with appropriate mask. (6) Explain the basic global thresholding method for image segmentation, 3 " (c) Explain the model of noisy image. 2 8. (a) Explain derivative based edge detection. It does work Properly for noisy image - why? 3.75 (b) Ilustrate boundary extraction method in mor phological image processing, 2 (©) Define hit, fit and structuring element with examplesUniversity of Rajshabi Department of Computer Science and Engineering B.Sc.(Engg.), Part-IV, Odd semester Examination, 2019 Course: CSE4181 (Digital Image Processing) ‘Time: 03 hours Full marks: 2.50 Answer six questions taking any three questions from each section Section-A a) Define image, discrete image and digital image. Explain the main objectives of digital image 4 processing with examples. 'b) Explain different processing levels from image to computer vision with examples. 3 ©) Suppose you have a color image of size 512x512. How much memory is required to store the image 1.75 with opacity? 2. a) Illustrate the method of digital image representation. Mention the advantages of digital image over 3 analogue. ') Explain spatial resolution and intensity level resolution with examples. How much resolution is 3 ‘ ‘enough for any specific image? ¢) Define non-linear quantization. For what type of image it is suitable? 2.15 3. a) What is image enhancement? Explain the objectives of image enhancement, 218 b) Define histogram. Discuss how histogram equalization performs image enhancement. 3 ©) Explain the general mode! of point processing for image enhancement, 3 4, a) Explain gray level slicing and bit plane slicing. Mention their major application areas. 3 ) Discuss in detail the Homomorphic and derivative filters. 3 ©) Explain the use of Laplacian operator in edge detection of an image. 275 Section -B 5. a) Differentiate between convolution and correlation. The single value threshold usually converts the 2.75 mage into binary image. Suppose you have an 8-bit gray level image of size 256x256. How much memory is required to store it after single value thresholding? +b) Explain the effects of mask size for spatial filtering. 3 ©) Define sharpening filter and mention its application in image processing. 3 6. a) What do you mean by full-color and pseudo-color from tristimulus, age processing? Derive trichromatic coefficient 3 ') Discus the model of the image degradation and restoration process. 3.78 ©) Define compression ratio. How are shift codes generated? 2 7. a) Discuss geometric and harmonic mean filter with their application, 3 ’) Explain band reject filter to eliminate periodic noise. 3 ‘©) Explain the effects of noise in derivative based edge detection. 275 8.) Define morphological image processing. Explain opening method with example, 4 +b) Discuss about basic global thresholding algorithm for image segmentation. 3 ) Define data redundancy. Illustrate the age compression model. 115University of Raj shahi Department of Computer Science and meee B.Sc. (Engg.) Part-4, Odd Semester, Examina io Course: CSE4181 (Digital Image Processing) Marks: 52.5 Time: 3:00 Hours [N.B. Answer any Six questions taking Thr Section-A 1. (@) Illustrate the image processing system with block diagram. Explain its two most crucial steps. (b) Why sampling is required? Explain the effects of quantization on the quality of digital image, (©) State the model of grayscale and color image repfesentation. 2. (a) Define image histogram. Is it possible to use histogram as feature for image classification? Explain. (b) How does the histogram of the following image look like: (@ Dark image, (ii) Bright i Low contrast image, (iv) High contrast image (©) Explain histogram equalization process for image enhancement with example 3. (a) How point processing works for image enhancement? Discuss. (b) Why Log transform is used in image enhancement? Explain with proper example. (c) How negative image is obtained? Explain gray level slicing method. 4.(a) What are the different causes of image degradation? (0) Discuss the model of the image degradation and restoration process. (©) Mention the drawbacks of inverse filtering. Section-B 5. (a) Why image sharpening filter is required for image enhancement? Explain. (b) Write dow the steps of frequency domain image filtering. Compare it with spatial filtering, (©) Explain the problem of using ideal low pass filter. Explain the equation Hip(1, v) = 1 — Hy(u »). 6. (2) Mention the sources of noise. Explain the model of noisy image. (b) Discuss the method of suppressing periodic noise from the image. (c) Explain Geometric mean ane midpoint filter to remove noise. 7. (@) Define image segmentation with example. Illustrate the process of detecting horizontal and vertical lines in an image with appropriate mask. (b) Explain the method of thresholding for image segmentation. (©) Explain how histogram is used in image thresholding. 8. (a) Define compression ratio, How are the shift codes generated? (b) State the principle of Huftinan coding. (©) Mention the limitation of Huffman coding. i Ge ee from each section] 3, S25, GS. 1.75 3 3 275Y University of Rajshahi Department of Computer Science and Engineering B.Sc. (Engg,) Part-lV, Odd Semester, Examination 2017 CSE4181 (Digital Image Processing) Marks: 52.5 Time: 3 Hours ‘Answer any direc questions from eneh part, Pai 1.{a) Hiustrate the mathematical model to represent gray-scale and color image. (b) Define non-uniform sampling, Explain the effects of sampling and quantization on the quality of digital image. (©) Differentiate between gray-scale and B/W image. Suppose you have a color in which the maximum intensity levels of Red, Green and Blue colors are 25, 26 and 27 respectively, How much memory is required to store the image of size 200 x 200, 4 2.(a) Define histogram and illustrate its applications in image understanding. 3 (b) Explain the process of histogram cqualization in image enhancement. Differentiate between 3 histogram equalization and histogram spec methods for image enhaneeme Perform histogram equalization of 5x5 image having the following data: 2.15 Grylevel JO [1 [2 13 [4 [3 [6 17 No. of pixels [0 [0 |0 [8 6 [fo [0 3,(a) Is it possible to reduce the noise contents by adding a set of noisy images? Justify your answer. 3.15 5 (b) Assume thatthe fingerprint shown in the following Figure-3(a) is corrupted by noise. Write down the steps to eliminate the noise and its effects on the fingerprint while distorting it as litle as possible so that we can ‘get an image as shown in the following Figure-3(b. 4a) Mention the effects of power law transformation. Explain the outcomes of power law transformation with = 3 and 7 = 0.3 in pencral equation, s = c* 77. (b) Differentiate between point processing and neighhourhood operation for image enhansement in sp.tial 2.78 domain, Hlustrate the jeneral moxtel of'spatial filtering. (c) Explain weighted smouthing filter operation with example. 3 Part-B 5.@)_ Derive the Laplacian mask using 2" derivative in spatial domain. aa z 3 (b) Consider the following image with 4-bt gray level and construct the vector x consisting te intensity along 3 the scanning line AB. Then derive the I" and 2” derivatives of x. A i f B 275 (©) Differentiate between I" snd 2"! derivatives For image sharpening,6a) Assume a 4-bit 6 x 6 imaye, f(x,y), has the following matrix of intensity, is] 5] 15] 5] 5] 6 6 lists [3 ata Sfis[2]2 [12]? 4 (ist 4 {4p iott 3is}3 [4 islo : 22 is is[o fo What are the 1", 2", 3% and 4" bit planes of f(x,y)? What kind of information do the higher-order and Jower-order bit planes contain? (b) What will be the output image (intensity matrix), g(x,y), aller applying transformation function T(r) as shown in Figure-6(a) and Figure-6(b) on f(x,y) [intensity matrix shown in question 6(a)]. ot ida 8 : (Mae Figure-6 Here r and s denote gray levels of f(x,y) and g(,y), respectively. 7.(a) Associate each histogram shown in Figure-7[4-f] with an Image shown in Figure-7[2-c]. 18 7] Yast i s a i] | , 0: am Figure-7 = - " ; 5 (b) Write down the stops to get the image in Figure-7(c) from the image in Figure-7(a). ae (c) Can we reconstruct any image from its histogram? Justify your answer. 8.(a) Illustrate the applications of morphological operations in image processing with examples, (©) Explain opening operation with examples. i ; (©) Define hit, fit and structuring clement. Explain the effects of structuring element in erosion.AL, Time: 3 Hours vay b) ¢) a) ») ¢) a) b) ©) a) b) ¢ b) ¢) University of Rajshahi Property of Seminar ‘brary Depa Partment of Computer Science and Engineering Depts ef Co:aputer: Beaeter B.SC (Engg,) Part-4, Odd Semester, Examination 2016. SY OF Ralshabi, Course: CSE-4182 (Digital Image Processing) Full Marks: 52.5 Section. Define the terms: brightness, contrast, dynamic range. Discuss the model of the image degradation and restoration process. Illustrate the mathematical model for grayscale and binary image representation in terms of incident and reflected light intensity. What is resolution? Explain spatial resolution and intensity level resolution. What type of infurmation of image is represented by histogram? Can it be used image recognition? Explain. Obtain histogram equalization for the following image segment of size 5 XS. . Write the interference on the image segment before and after equalization. 444ng 34543 35553 34543 44444 Explain gray level slicing and bit plan slicing. Mention their major application areas. Discuss in detail the Homomorphic and derivative filters. Suppose you have an x-ray image. How its intelligibility can be increased? Explain. Illustrate the general model of spatial filtering for image enhancement. |s there any 1 slationship between the spatial resolution and the size of the mask? Explain. Define cross correlation and autocorrelation with example. Mention the uses of autocorrelation. When edge detection is necessary? Explain how image enhancement is performed using histogram based thresholding. Sectio! Explain point processing and neighborhood operations for image enhancement. How are they related? Consider the following image and draw the signal representing the gray level values along the scanning line AB. Then illustrate the Fourier transform of the signal. How frequency domain image filtering is implemented? Explain ideal filter for image sharpening. 1.75 2.75 278 275 275a) Define Sobel operator. Write Sobel horizontal and vertical edge detection masks. b) Explain line detection technique. ¢) Define compression ratio. How are shift codes generated? Explain the terms Hue and Saturation for a color image. DeScribe the procedures to convert colors from RGB to HSI and HSI to RGB. Explain the color complements of a color image with figure. a) Define image segmentation and mention its necessity. Explain basic global thresholding method. b) Differentiate between single and multi-value thresholding with examples. °) Write morphological algorithm for (i) Convex Hull, (ii) Thinning and (iii) Thickening.8. a) b) a) b) 2) b) ©) 2) ») °) » b) °) a) b) °) University of Raj Department of tsps B.Sc. Eng, [Computer Science and Engineeri or eo a gt Semester Examination 2015 (Session: 2011-12) Marks: 52.5 °. : CSEA121 (Digital Image Processing) Time: 3 Hours (Answer any three questions from each Part) Part-A we. Lsplnin the model for digital image representat Petine 4-adjaceney, B-aljacency and madjaceney with ena ee -xplain the image digitization process briely, ; Define image histogram. Explain its interpretation with example. How does the histogram ofthe following image look Ii . @ Dark image, (ii) Bright image, (iii) Low contrast Consider a 4x4 image segment having gray scale betw. and draw the image histogram before and after equal 2332 4342 2335 2424 age, (iv) High contrast image (0, 9}. Find the histogram equal tion, : mage 3.78 Explain general mode of image enhancement with point processing. With necessary graphs, explain Log transformation and power law transformation for spatial domain = 4 image enhancement. Suppose you have an image of landscape and you like to increase the intensity of specific gray level». 2.75 Which transformation is required? Explain, . Define spatial filtering method with general equation. Explain the effects of mask size. 3 Define correlation and convolution. Consider the following functions f(x) and g(y) draw the outcome 2.75 of their convolution. ¢ 4 eo) os ml wt A Sei Explain the use of Laplacian operator in edge detection of an image. 3 “ Part-B tives. Define image sharpening filter and compare 1* and 2" deri Discus the process of frequency domain image filtering. Explain and compare ideal low pass filter and Butterworth filter for image smoothing, Discuss the model of the image degradation and restoration process. 3.5 Briefly discuss about any four noise probability density function with diagram, 4 What is notch filter? 1 ‘Why image segmentation is necessary? Explain the process of detecting -45° line in the image using - 3 the appropriate mask. How thresholding can be applied in imaye segmentation, Ilustrate the basic global thresholding io algorithm for image segmentation. Explain how histogram is used in image thresholding, 2.75 Wrie the basic formulation of region-baved segmentation, Briefly discuss hit-or-miss transformatio Discuss boundary extraction alyorithm using morphological processing.