RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL MEDIA

USAGE, SLEEP QUALITY, AND ACADEMIC

PERFORMANCE AMONG UNDERGRADUATE
STUDENT IN UNIVERSITY PUTRA
MALAYSIA
FEM3003 Research Method

PRESENTED BY
RAHIMAH NURUL IZZAH (209657)
HANNA CHAIRUNNISA QISTI (209720)

LECTURER'S NAME
DR. NELLIE ISMAIL
 CHAPTER 1 :
INTRODUCTION
 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Academic Performance : academic performance is the knowledge gained which is assessed by marks by a
teacher and/or educational goals set by students and teachers to be achieved over a specific period of time.
(Narad, 2016)
Students’ academic achievement is a ‘net result’ of their cognitive and non-cognitive attributes (Lee & Stankov,
2016)

Sleep Quality : Sleep quality is defined as an individual's self satisfaction with all aspects of the sleep
experience. (Nelson, K. L., Davis, J. E., & Corbett, C. F., 2022)
optimal academic performance is hindered, if there is a sleep disorder (Hershner and Chervin, 2014).

Social Media Usage : Social media are applications that enable people to interact with each other and build
social networks that increase social capital (Barnes, 2008)
Researchers estimate that university students spend about 8–10 hours per day browsing, liking posts, and
posting on social media sites (Wood, 2015).

03
PROBLEM STATEMENT

Social media technology affects college students' sleep patterns. (Garett, R., Liu, S., &
Young, S. D, 2018)
The possible effects of social media use on sleep quality and academic performance
among undergraduate students may be used to guide future interventions to enhance
university students' well-being and academic achievement. (Gulden Aynaci, 2018)
Sleep time has also been reported to have a negative correlation with academic
performance (Chiang et al., 2014; Leak et al., 2020).
According to (Andrews, Ellis, Shaw, & Piwek, 2015), users exhibit a marked lack of
awareness regarding how frequently they check their phones.

04
 RESEARCH QUESTIONS, OBJECTIVES
AND HYPOTHESIS
GENERAL OBJECTIVE :
This study aims to determine the relationship between social media usage, sleep quality
and academic performance among undergraduate student in Universiti Putra Malaysia

Research Question Research Objectives Research Hypothesis

1. To describe undergraduate student’s

background (sex and age),
1. Is there any relationship between HO1 : There is no significant
independent
age and academic performance relationship between age and
variables (social media usage, sleep
among academic performance among
quality) and dependent variable
undergraduate student? undergraduate student.
(academic
performance)
 Research Question Research Objectives Research Hypothesis

2. Is there any relationship between

HO2 : There is no significant
social media usage, sleep quality and 2. To determine the relationship between
relationship between social media
academic social media usage, sleep quality and
usage and academic
performance among undergraduate academic performance among
performance among undergraduate
student? undergraduate student.
student.

HO3 : There is no significant

3. Is there any difference of academic 3. To determine the differences of relationship between sleep quality
performance between males and academic performance between males and and academic
females? females. performance among undergraduate
student.

HO4 : There is no significant

4. What factors are uniquely predictors 4. To determine the unique predictors of
difference of academic performance
of academic performance among academic performance among
between males and
undergraduate student? undergraduate student.
females.

HO5 : Regression coefficients for all

the selected variables are greater
than zero when
regressed against academic
performance among undergraduate
student.
 DEFINITION OF TERMINOLOGY
Conceptual Definition Operational Definition

Social media usage enables global knowledge sharing and

Social Media usage will be measured using Social Media Use
break down geographical boundaries to bring people
Integration Scale (SMUIS)
Social Media Usage together. The typical individual uses social networks for
higher scores in each sub-scale indicating higher levels of its
about three hours per day. (Hameed and Irfan,
respective sub-scale.
2021;Celestine and Nonyelum, 2018)

Sleep quality will be measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep

Sleep quality is defined as an individual's self satisfaction
Quality Index (PSQI).
Sleep Quality with all aspects of the sleep experience. (Nelson, K. L.,
The range of the score is 0-21, people with a score more than
Davis, J. E., & Corbett, C. F., 2022)
5 are considered to have sleep disturbance.

Academic performance is the evaluation of student's

performance in different scholastic fields. Normative exam Academic performance will be measured using respondents'
Academic Performance scores, graduation rates, and classroom success are the indicators of academic success are marks (by task or course)
typical metrics used by educators to assess student and GPA.
accomplishment. (Travis Thornton., 2022)

Undergraduate students refer to a bachelor's degree study,

which is usually a four-year programme at a university or a Undergraduate students in this research are defined as those
Undergraduate Student
two-year programme at a community college. (Caitlin Mazur., between the ages of 19 and 23.
2022)
SIGNIFICANCE OF LIMITATION OF
THE STUDY THE STUDY

Help us understand how social media use In the absence of objective sleep measurements,
may affect sleep health in this particular the study depends on self-reported sleep quality,
group which is prone to biases and mistakes.
Give teachers and students important The association between social media use, sleep
information on how to best utilize social quality, and academic achievement may be
media to enhance academic performance. influenced by additional factors like mental
As a useful study for future research objectives health or study habits.
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
ANTECENDENT VARIABLE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE

DEMOGRAPHIC BACKGROUND
SEX ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
AGE

SLEEP QUALITY
 CHAPTER 2 :
LITERATURE REVIEW
Review Dependent Variable

Based on students' self-reported grades from the most recent internal exams,
academic achievement was evaluated. (Sarwat Masud, Syed Hamza Mufarrih, Nada
Qaisar Qureshi , Fahad Khan , Saad Khan and Muhammad Naseem Khan, 2019
Academic
Narad and Abdullah (2016) defined that academic performance is measured by
Performance
teacher marks and educational objectives, with test outcomes and ongoing
assessments used to evaluate progress.
SpringerLink (2021) stated that the success of academic institutions is largely
determined by students' capacity to compare their academic achievement.

Review Independent Variable

According to Boyd & Ellison (2008), social media are websites that provide user profile
building and make user relationships visible.
programmes that run on the web and offer sharing, relationships, group, discussion,
Social Media
and profile functions. 2011 (Kietzmann et al.).
Usage Jenny L. Davis (2016) state that social media are a group of interactive Internet apps
that make it easier to create, curate, and share user-generated content (either
individually or collaboratively).
 A greater level of physical, cognitive, and psychological well-being is significantly
correlated with quality sleep. (Antonino Crivello, Paolo Barsocchi, Michele Girolami,
Filippo Palumbo, 2019)
Sleep is crucial for human health, as disorders and deprivation negatively impact
Sleep Quality metabolic and inflammatory processes. Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros, Margareth
Guimarães Lima, Maria Filomena Ceolim,Edilson Zancanella, Tânia Aparecida
Marchiori de Oliveira Cardoso, 2019)
The definition of sleep quality was much the same for those with insomnia and
people who normally sleep. (Harvey, Allison G.; Stinson, Kathleen; Whitaker, Katriina
L.; Moskovitz, Damian; Virk, Harvinder (2008).

Review Relationship between Antecedent Variables and Dependent Variable :

According to Julia Crede, Linda Wirthwein, Nele McElvany, Ricarda Steinmayr (2015),
parental education significantly affects the academic success and overall happiness
of teenagers.
Adolescent’s When examining the factors that determine a teenage child's academic
background achievement, the impact of parenting methods and parental participation is
and academic particularly important (Shute et al., 2011; Rahimpour et al., 2015; Weis et al., 2016;
performance Checa and Abundis-Gutierrez, 2017; Zhang et al., 2019).
the factors that affect academic achievement, with a focus on how parenting
practises affect teenage pupils. (Masud, Sarwat; Mufarrih, Syed Hamza; Qureshi, Nada
Qaisar; Khan, Fahad; Khan, Saad; Khan, Muhammad Naseem (2019).
Review Relationship Between Independent Variables and Dependent Variables:

Numerous studies have revealed a link between social media use and poor academic
achievement because these platforms might encourage actions that harm students'
future employment prospects. (Giunchiglia, Fausto; Zeni, Mattia; Gobbi, Elisa; Bignotti,
Social Media Enrico; Bison, Ivano (2018)
Usage and M. Owusu-Acheaw and Agatha Gifty Larson, 2015 stated that the impact of social
Academic media use on students' academic performance in higher education institutions.
the relationship between a student's usage of social media and their academic
Performance
success, general well-being, and interpersonal relationships in the health sciences. (P.
P. C. M. Chandrasena and I. M. P. S. Ilankoon, 2022)

It has an impact on a person's capacity for learning, academic achievement, and

Sleep Quality neural-behavioral processes. (Jalali, R., Khazaie, H., Khaledi Paveh, B., Hayrani, Z., &
Menati, L, 2020)
and Academic
Researchers Ahrberg et al. (2012), Baert et al. (2015), and Toscano-Hermoso et al.
Performance (2020) found a link between quality sleep and academic performance.
According to Gomes et al. (2011), inadequate sleep and poor sleep quality are
substantially linked to lower academic performance.
Differences in Academic Performance between Male and Female Adolescents

Girls are less likely than boys to receive poor grades. (Marcenaro–Gutierrez, O., Lopez–
Agudo, L. A., & Ropero-García, M. A, 2017).
In terms of academic self-concept and usage of learning tactics, girls scored much
higher than boys. (Ghazvini, S. D., & Khajehpour, M, 2011).
Teenagers demonstrate gender variations in academic achievement. (Marcenaro–
Gutierrez, O., Lopez–Agudo, L. A., & Ropero-García, M. A, 2017).
 CHAPTER 3 :
METHODOLOGY
 METHODOLOGY

CORRELATIONAL DESIGN
RESEARCH DESIGN CROSS-SECTIONAL
ONLINE SURVEY

4 FACULTY IN UNIVERSITY PUTRA MALAYSIA

FACULTY OF HUMAN ECOLOGY
LOCATION OF THE STUDY FACULTY OF SCIENCE
FACULTY OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
FACULTY OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES

POPULATION 16,797 UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT IN UPM (UPM FACTS & FIGURES 2023)

SAMPLING TECHNIQUES MULTI-STAGE CLUSTER RANDOM SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

SAMPLE 440 STUDENTS FROM 4 FACULTY IN UNIVERSITY PUTRA MALAYSIA

 COCHRAN'S FORMULA (1963)
n= N
2
1 + N(e)

n= 16,797
2
1 + 16,797(0.05) 400 undergraduate student
440 to reduce sampling error

= 390.7 = 400
FIGURE 3.1 MULTI-STAGE CLUSTER RANDOM SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

UNIVERSITY PUTRA
MALAYSIA

1. 4 FACULTIES FACULTY OF MEDICINE

WILL BE FACULTY OF HUMAN & HEALTH SCIENCES
RANDOMLY ECOLOGY (n≥110)
SELECTED
(n ≥ 110)
FACULTY OF FOOD
SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY
(n ≥ 110)
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
(n ≥ 110)
 INSTRUMENTATION

variables Instrument Reliability

The Social Media Use Integration Scale

(SMUIS) (Jenkins-Guarnieri, Wright, and 0.914
SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE Johnson, 2013) (Jenkins-Guarnieri, Wright, & Johnson,
10 items 2013)
6 point Likert scale

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)

0.64 to 0.83
19 items
SLEEP QUALITY (Backhaus, J., Junghanns, K., Broocks, A.,
3 point likert scale ranging from 0 (best)
Riemann, D., & Hohagen, F., 2002).
to 3 (worst)
 DATA COLLECTION

Online Permission form and

Pilot study will be
Seek Permission from the online survey (Google form)
conducted before
dean of each selected link will be sent via
completing the main
faculty. Whatsapp or Telegram
research to 40 students.
Groups.
 DATA ANALYSIS

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS

To describe undergraduate student's background (age and sex), parents' background

(mother's years of education, father's years of education, and family income), social media descriptive analysis
usage, sleep quality, and academic performance

To determine the relationship between undergraduate students' social media usage, sleep
Pearson correlation analysis
quality, and academic performance among undergraduate student.

To determine the difference in academic performance between male and female T-test

To determine the unique predictors of academic performance among undergraduate

Multiple Regression Analysis
student
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THANK YOU