L'se eight different digits w form this

1 llo\\ man) differem five-digit

addresses are possible if one of each producl. 3 Create two hexahedral dice that "ill
have an equal probability of gelling
of the digiL'l 0, 1, 2, :3, and 4 are in the any sum from I through 12 when the two
address'? ODD are rolled and the results added.
XD
DOD D

4 Eight~ hoys and seventy girls

cnlt'n•d a Lournament. Prizes were 5 The fourteen digits in a credit card
are lObe written in the boxes shown.
16 What digits come next'?
7 When the diagram shown is folded to
make a cube, what letter is on the
face opposite the face marked X?
awarded to twenty boys and lO 20 percent If the sum of any three consecutive digits 8, 5, 4, 9, I, 7, _ , _, _ , _
of the girb. What was the to~ll percent- is 18, "hat is the value or X?
age of prize winners'?

I I I 171 I I lX1 I I 18'1 I I

8 \\'hat numbers are missing·?

9 On what date would the last Friday
of the month fall if the second 10 Place the digits 1 through 9 in the
small triangles so that the sums 11 What three-digit palindromic
numbers have the sum or their
2, 5, 10, 17, 0 , :37, Thursday of the month was the smallest or the four digits in digits equal to the smallest two-digit
n, 65, o, o, o, 145 two-digit prime number'? 6 ADF, 6 BGI, and palindromic number?
6 CHJ are the same. B~

G J

12 llow many numbers from I

through 100 have the sum of the
digits a square number'?
13 Use all ten digits to make a
fraction equivalent to !1.1. 14 In a standard deck of fi fty-two
cards, how many cards would you
have to draw (sight unseen) to be abso-
15
CX.
A circle is divided in_!0hree
equal parts by radii AX, lJX, and
If the total measure of those three
DO DOD lutely certain to have four cards from the radii is 15 em, what
heart suit? is the area of the
00000 shaded part or the
figure?
 By using the letters .x, y, and z, in
16 how many different ways can the
configuration below be completed?
17 In a leap year, on what date
would two-thirds of the year have
elapsed?
18 Eight players enter a singles
table-tennis tournament. In how
many different ways can the pairings be
19 l'se all ten digit.s to form a mi.rcd
number equal to 299.

formed for the first round?

DODO
tb DOD
ODD
( [Jband [TI z I are two of the ways.)

"A tree one hundred cubits high What percent of the total area !low many four-digit positive
20 A circle is centered at a vertex
and passes through the mid- 21 is distant from a well two hun- 22 of rectangle ABDC is shaded'? 23 integers have four different
points of two sides of a square of perim- dred cubits; from this tree one monkey nonzero digits whose sum is 10?
eter 8. A second circle is tangent to these descends and goes to the well ; another /J

two sides and is also internally tangent to monkey takes a leap upwards, and then
the first ci rcle. A radius of the second descends by the hypotenuse; and both 3
circle is 4 - fa+ f b - Jc, where a, b, pass over an equal space:' Find the
and care integers. Find the product abc. height of the leap.
/)
6

24 In a three-dimensional
rectangular-coordinate system,
25 What are the missing numbers? 26 A staircase has ten steps. You
can take one or two steps at a 27 What is the total area of the
shaded part"?
find the total surface area of the solid 1, 2, 4, 6, 0 , 12, 16, 18, time; you can take them in any order. In
defined by 22, 0 , 30, 36, 40, 0 , 0 , 52 how many different ways can you go up
the stai rcase?
f:l+lul+lzl< I.

28 A circle is divided into four

equal arcs. What is the length 29 Find the units digit in the
expression of 1979 19;q_
30 Simplify this expression:
31 llow many different three-digit
numbers can be written with
of each arc if the diameter of the circle is (99 - 9)(99 - 19)(99 - 29) 0 0 0 (99 - 199) three different digits?
6 em?
 Answers to Calendar
cards would be spades, clubs, and
diamonds. However, the next four
This month's problems l 19, 22 23, 25 26, 28, and 30-31 were provid-
would have to be hearts.
ed by Marcy Cook. P.O. Box 5840. Balboa Is land, CA 92662-5840.
Some of th<>se were taken or modified from More Starters and Stum-
pers 1985 and Talk It Over /987 by Marcy Cook and the Australian
Mathematics Com petitio n for the Westpac Awards 1986 and 1987.
@ (50/3) rr .:::- 52.36. Since the
total of three radii is 15,
Problems 20. 24. a nd 29 were selected from NYSMlrARML Contests each radius is 5 e m. A = nr 2 • or
/97.1 1985. edited hy Ha rry D. Ruderman and published in 1987 by Mu 25rr. The shaded area is two-thirds
Alpha Theta, 60 1 F.lm Avenue. Room 423. Norman. OK 73019. of the whole. so (2/ 3)25n = (50/3)rr.

f1"'"a\ 27. Each square has the

r:t\ ~ possibil ity of three letters:
\..V
96. 5! - 120. but we n eed to
s ubtract those twenty-foUl·
t hat stn rt with 0 and thus are not
® 26. 50, 82, 101, 122 (one more
than the square numbers) thus 3 3 .

~
five-dif,til numbers: or I · I · 3 · 2.

Various solutions a rc possi-

® 26th. The second Thursday
would be th e 11th, so the
n<>xt Thursdays wo uld be the 18th
31 Augus t . Two-thirds of 366
\.!..!)
is 244. The 244th day is 31
August.
ble. including the following: a nd the 25th. making the last
6 17
Friday the 26th. r::tO\ 112 (7 X 5 X 3 X 1). The
~ first player has seven possi-
'<9
582:l
@ The sum is 17. ble opponents; the third player has
five possible opponents: the fifth
(3\ Mark th e faces of one regu- has three possible opponents; and
\.::J lur clic with the numernls the seventh player must play the
r emaining opponent.
1 throu~-th 6. and mark th e faces of
the oth£>r with 0, 0. 0, 6. 6. 6. Since
thirty-six ro lls nrc possible. we 297 1086
need to have three possible ways 543
for obtaini ng t'ach number from I
to 12 as the s~1m of the two r olls.
Or. one die migh t be marked 0. I, 2,
3. 4. 5 and the other mRrkt'd 1. 1, 1.
7. 7. 7.

191 .272,353,434. 5 15
(A\ 22 2 :1"... Twenty boys and
\.::.; fourteen girls (20" .. of 70) r £>- 2l. The sum must be 1, 4, 9,
ceivl:'d prizes. Thus :l4 150- or 16. I, 4, 9. 10. 13, 18, 22. 27.
22 2 3" ... 31.36.40.45.54,63, 72, 79,81,88.
90.97, 100
f2\ 3. i\ny thr<>t> together add
\..::!.) to 1 : thu, the two digits to
the right of 7 must t otnl II. whi ch
mt'ans thn t th e o n£> digit to the left
® Possible solutions inc lude
th e following:

of x mu;;t h£> 7: thl' two digits to th£> 30 582 20 583

ll'ft of 8 mu,:t total 10. wh1ch ml'ans 91 746 61 749
that the one digit to the right of .t' ~ R is the radius of the larger
is ng~tm 8. Thu!' 7 + x + 8- 18, so
32 058 23 058 ~ d rcl e and r is that of the
.\' ~- 96 174 69 174 sma ller circle. A 8 = 2j2 - R =
05 823 05 832 r j_z - r. Since R = fi, r = 4 -
(2\ 6. 3. 2. 0 alphubcticnlly or-
17 496 " 5+ /S- Jlo and abc = 400.
\.:::.) ron ged 17 469

(!) ThC' lettl'r 0 @ 43. l t is possible (although

unlikely) that the first 39 (Continued on page 349)

The E:daonal Panel of th e Mathematics T eacher is now considering sets of problems submitted by individuals,
C'lasses of prospectrt·e teachers. and mathematics clubs {or publication in the calendar during the 1991- 92 academ-
IC year. Please u rrte to the editorial coordinator. 1906 A ssociation Drive. Reston. VA 22091. for guidelines.

Tu o other sources of problems m calendar form are available from NCTM: .. Calendars for the Calculating" (a
set of nme monthly calendars that originally appeared from September 1983 to May 1984; order number 344.
·s.75) and "A Year of Mathematics" (one annual calendar that originally appeared in September 1982; order
number 311 S2.•'i0; :;,•t of fiw. S5.00). In dividual members receive a 20-percent discount off these prices.

352 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mathematics Teacher

 Answers to Calendar- Continued from page 352
For n ~ 10. the last two 8! ' ',
digits of n! are 00. Add, (8- 6)!(8- 2)! X ' ' ,, .y,.,
keeping track only of units and
tens digits. Since l! - 1. 2 ! = 2. 35, 4 one step at a time, ',vo
' ' '' -1-
3! = 6, 4! = 24, 5! = ... 20, 3 two steps at a time, or 0
0
,
6! = ... 20. 7! = ... 40. 8! = ... 20, ''
9! = .. . 80, 10! = ... 00, and so on, 7! ''
(7 - 3)!(7- 4)!
'
~--~--------------i'
the sum of all these factorials is
.. . 13. T he tens digit of this sum is
1.
15. 2 one step at a time, tree
/ 200
<I two steps at a time. or
well_...,
66 2 3u1,,_ The total a rea is 6!
18 square units. The shaded (6 - 4)!(6 - 2)! (t)d\ 1\ppro ximately 4.71
area is (2 + 6), 2 x 3, which is 12. ~ em.C = nd gives the cir-
12/18 = 2/3. 1. 5 two steps at a time cumference of circle 2 as 6n em: l/4
89 of6n = 3n 2 = 1.5n ~ 4.71.
~ 24. T he only four different
't::;!J digits to add to 10 are 1, 2, 3, ~ W~ nee_d _only consider the
r::J7.. 50. Assume both monkeys 't::;J umts d1g1t to t he power
and 4. Thus 4! is the solution :
4! = 4x3 x 2 x l.
't:.!J are at the top of the tree and 9 1479: Since 9 1 = 9. 9 2 has a units
go to the well ; then if x is the digit of 1, 9J has a units digit of9,
height of the second monkey's leap .... Since the e xponent is odd,
(,))\ The solid is an octahedron upwa1·d, the le ngth of the hypoten-
't:::Jeach of whose faces is an use must be 300 - x. If so. then
the answer is 9. Also,
equilateral triangle of side length 1979 19' 9 E 9 19 "4 mod 10
fi. The surface area is therefore (100 + x) 2 + 200 2 = (300 - x) 2 , = (- I) 1979 = - 1 = 9 mod 10.
4j3. 10 000 + 200x + x 2 + 40 000 0. One of the factors will be
+ x 2,
~ 10. 28, 42, 46. The numbers
- 90 000 - 600x 99 99.
't::::!J
indicated are one less than 50 000 + 200x = 90 000 - 600x.
648 (9 x 9 x 8 = 648). Since
the prime numbers. 800x = 40 000, a th1·ee-dig it number cannot
X = 50. begin with zero, we have nine pos-
@ 89 sibilities for the hundreds place,
The second monkey leaps 5 cubits. nine possibilities for the tens place
1, 10 one step at a time (For similar problems created by (all e xcept the digit in the
9, 8 one step at a time, ll enry Wadsworth Longfellow, see hundreds), and eight possibilities
1 two st eps at a time " Henry Wa dsworth Longfello w, for the units place (all except the
28, 6 one step at a time, Poet Extraordinaire" in this issue. digits in the hundreds and tens
2 two s teps at a time. or page 378.- Ed.) places).

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M~1989 ----------------------------------------------------------- 349