1 Sally bought a new sweater on sale 2 The radius of one circle is 3 times 3 A wire 8 em long is to be cut into

at a 30-percent discount. If she that of a second circle. If they are three pieces that are to be used for·
paid Sl9.25, what was the original price drawn so that the distance between their the sides of a triangle. If all three pieces
on the sweater? centers is 1Y.J times the radius of the have integral lengths, what is the length
larger circle, in how many points do the of the shortest side?
two circles intersect?

4 The six-digit number lk3lk4 has a 5 If x andy are consecutive odd in- 6 In right triangle ABC, marked as 7 Points P, Q, R, and S are collinear
factor of 12 but is not divisible by tegers, x < y. When 3x2 - 2y = shown, if AD = DB+ 8, then find with S between P and Rand R be-
9. Find the digit k. 129, find the value of x + y. CD. A tween Sand Q. If PS = Y.J - PR, PR =
o/.l - PQ, and PQ = 40, find SQ.

'-'-----~,...---~8

8 What is a certain number if Y1 of it 9 How many different real numbers 10 Find the area of the triangle de- 1 1 A circle has the point (7,-2) as
plus% of it is 42? ar·e in the solution set of termined by the x-axis, the line its center. If the point (5,-8) is
with equation y = x, and the line wi th outside the circle and the point (3, l) is
x 2 - 9 = ix + 31? equation x + 3y = 12. inside, then what can be said about the
radius of the circle?

12 In the figure, p II q and the an- 13 Thm bought a S30 jacket at a 20- 14 A businesswoman took a client 15 A primitive Pythagorean triple
gles are percent discount and a S20 shirt out to lunch and paid for it with is (a, b, c), where a, b, and care
in degrees, at a 30-percent discount. What is the sin- a credit card. She included 8-percent relatively pr·ime integers and a2 + b2 =
as marked. p · ~~ gle per·centage discount he received on sales tax on the lunches and 15 percent c2• How many primitive Pythagorean tri-
Fi nd X. his total purchase? (before taxes) for the gratuity and paid ples exist that have 15 as one of the three
using a credit card that has a !-percent values?
q ------:~--- surcharge. What was the total cost when
each lunch was $13.50?
 I ~ a 1' ma tne one pair or pOSJtJve Jn · .. - 1 A palmctromtc number IS one '1- 1:1 ln a 5-1~-1~ r·ight triangle, what a ~olveror all real values orx.
tegers (x, y) that satisfies the that reads the same from right is the length of the bisector of 2x-3<x+5
equation 31x + 29y = 1125. to left as it does from left to right. How the larger acute angle? X X
many more palindromic numbers are be-
tween 1000 and 2000 than between 100
and 200'?

20 Using common logarithms, find 21 What is the units digit of the 22 Evaluate the expression 23 Equilateral triangle PQR has
the value of x so that number 1492 198i? each of its sides C
10))
41! 40! perpendicular to a side
log(10·log(logx- = 1. of 6 ABC, as shown.
38! ·3! 37!·3!
If PQ = 6, find the
area of 6 ABC.

A B

24 The binary operation • is de- 2 S Find the perimeter of a regular 2& Find the value of 27 What is the difference between
fined as polygon if each exterior angle 135 7 99 101 the two largest prime factors of
10 degrees less than YG an interior angle 57 9 II 103 105 38 055?
X*Y = 3x2 - 2y3• and each side has length 8 em.
Find (a) 7•4 and (b) (7•4)•6.

28 Find the smallest value of n for 29 In squareABCD, point Pis on 30 If 94, 86, 43, and 73 represent 3 1 If p is a prime number greater
which k is a positive integer diagonal BD so that BP = AB. four test scores of a student, than 5, what is the sum of the
when If the area of the D c what score is needed on a fifth test to positive integral factors of 5p?
311 - l = llk. square is 4 and QP ~ achieve an average of 79?
is perpendicular to
DB, find the area of
6 DPQ.
 Answers to Calendar
Then DB = 16 - x and AD = ~ The distance between
This month's problems 1 29
were supplied by Mary Dell
24 - x. By the Pythagorean theo-
rem, x 2 + 12 2 = (24 - x) 2 , and
\!.J.I (7, -
2) and (5, - 8) is J40
and between (7, - 2) and (3, 1) is 5.
Morrison, Chatham, NJ 07928; X = 9.
Thus,
problems 30 and 31 were sup-
plied by William R. Speer, 5 < radius < 2 · fo.
EDCI-BGSU, Bowljng Green,
OH 43403.
40 141. Imagine lines through
T and parallel top and q.
{.;\ $27.50. 19.25 = (0.7~) ~orig­ 10 20 10 Then
~ ina! price). So the ongmal p s R Q 86 = 47 + (180 - x),
price is 19.25 + 0.7. X= 141.
30
® 1. If t he two radii are x and
3x. the distance between the
centers is 1 1/3 times 3x. or 4x. 3
Thus, the circles are tangent and
PR=-· PQ = 30
4
intersect in one point.
. 1
PS = 3 · PR = 10
® 2 em. The only integers
that can add to 8 and repre-
sent sides of a triangle are 2, 3, and
RQ = 10
3. SQ = 30

36. 1/ 2 of it ~Ius 2/3 of it

(;"\ Since 12 is a factor, both 3
~ and 4 are factors.
1 + h + 3 + 1 + h + 4 = 9 + 2h, and
® equals 7/ 6 of1t. If7/ 6 of a
number is 42, then 1/6 of it is 6 and
since 3 is a factor, h must be a the number must be 36.
multiple of 3 (either h = 0, 3, or 6).
+ 3 ~ 0, then
Because 4 is a factor, the last two
digits, M, must represent a multi-
ple of 4, and thus h = 0 or 6. If
® 2. If x
I x + 3 1 = x + 3 and x -3.
x - 9 = x + 3 yields x = 4 or - 3.
2
~
~ 24 percent. His discount
~ was $12, which is 24 percent
of$50.
h = 0, the number is 103 104, which If x + 3 < 0, then I x + 31 = - x - 3
is divisible by 9. Soh = 6. and x < - 3. x 2 - 9 = - x - 3 yields
~ $33.54. 2($13.50) = $27.00
® 16. lf n is the smaller odd in-
teger, then the next consec-
ut ive odd in teger is n + 2 and
x = 2 or -3, neither of which is
less than -3. The solution set
[4, -3} has two elements.
\!.Y for the lunches, $4.05 for the
15-percent g ratuity, $2.16 for the 8-
percent sales tax, and $0.33 for the
3n2 - 2(n + 2) = 129. The only inte-
gral solution for this equation is
n = 7. So x = 7 andy = 9 and
@ 18. The linesy = x and
x + 3y = 12 intersect at
!-percent credit card charge on
$33.21. The total bill is $33.54.
X+ y = 16. (3, 3). Then the triangle h as verti-
ces (0, 0), (3, 3), and (12, 0), giving a ~ If c = 15, the triple is (9, 12,
® CB = 16 (by the Pythago-
rean theorem). Let CD = x.
base of 12 and an altitude of 3.
Thus, the area is 18.
\!.9/ 15), which is not primitive
without loss of generality. Assume
a = 15. Then c1 - b 1 = 225 yields
A the following equations: (c +b)·
y (c - b)= 225.1 and the triple (15,
112, ll3); (c + b)(c - b) = 45.5 and
the triple (15, 20. 25), not primitive;
(c + b)(c - b) = 25.9 and t h e triple
(lS. 8, 17): (c + b)(c- b)= 75.3 and
the triple (15, 36, 39), not primitive.
Two primitive triples result, (15.
112, 113) and (15, 8, 17).

16 (Continued on page 193)

The Editorial Panel of the Mathematics Teacher is now considering sets of problems submitted by individuals,
classes of prospective teachers. and mathematics clubs for publication in the calendar during the 1988- 89 academ-
ic year. Please write to the managing editor. 1906 Association Drive. Reston. VA 22091. (or guidelines.
Two other sources of problems in calendar form are available {rom NCTM: "Calendars for the Calculating" (a
set of nine monthly calendars that originally appeared from September 1983 to May 1984; order number 344.
$5.00) and "A Year of Mathematics" (one annual calendar that originally appeared in September 1982; order
number 311. $2.50; set of five for $5.00). Individual members receive a 20-percent discount off these prices.

196 - -- -- -- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- -- -- - - - - - Mathematics Teacher

 Answers to Calendar-Conti11ued from page 196
t:"d\ (26, 11) so By using p1·operties of equilateral
~ 31x + 29y = 1125 X <8, triangles a nd 30-60 right triangles,
the figure can be mark ed as sh own.
2x + Oy = 23 (mod 29) and xis also positive. Thus, Then
2x = 52 (mod 29) 0 <X< 8.
= 26 (mod 29) area !:;ABC = (6 · J3> J32
x
X= 29/l + 26
@ o.t = 27. '\
4
3.
•

31(29/l + 26) + 29y = 1125 log( 10 · log(log x - 10)) = 1

y = 11 - 311l 10 · log(log x - 10) = 10 ~ (a) 7 • 4 ~ 19.
Since y > 0, h must he 0, and t h e log(- 10 · log x) = 1 'E.Y (b) Prom this result
solution is x = 26, y = 11. - 10 · log x = 10 (7. 4). 6 = 19 .. 6 = 651.
log x =
~ None. The same number of
- 1
~
~ palindromic numbers exist X = 0.1 Each exterior angle has
'E:::!J
120/7 degrees, a nd the poly-
between each pair.
Q 8. Ignoring all the digits gon has 360- 120 7. or 21, sides.
'E..!J
@) 13
12 -
5 except the units digit, 2,
noti ce the pattern of the units
The perimeter is 168 em.

~ ~- ~-~- ;r
X X
digits in the powet·s of 2. The
10 powers o f 2 end in the r epeating ... .% ..5*1 )M
x =-
pattern 2, 4, 8, 6, 2, 4, 8, 6, .... Then
'f!:!) jl ;r ;r );(' ..J,M 103 105
3 3 1
1492 198 7 = (1492 4 ) 496 . (1492) 3 ; so
1492 19 g 7 ends in the third number = 103 . 105 = 3605
a2 = x l +52
,.-
5, 13
in the pattern and the units digit is
8. ~ 16. 38 055 = 3. 5. 43 . 59.
a= - -
3 'E.!.J Thus. 59 - 43 = 16.
~ 41! 40!
'E9 38 ! . 3! 37!. 3! ~ 5. Look for power s of 3 that
~ give a remainder of 1 wh en
41 · 40! 40!·38 divided by 11. The smallest su ch
38 . 37! . 3! 37! . 3! . 38 number is 243; son= 5.

12
40!. 3 40 . 39
= 38! ·3 ! = ~
~ 6- 4/2. ~Since AB = 2 and
'E3J DB - 2, 2,
= 780
m·ea t:,. DPQ = ~ · (2f l - 2)2
2
=6- 4fl.
~ An avemge of79 on five
~ test s would require a total
@ Rewrite the inequality as score of 395. Consequently, s ince
the first four tests total 296 points.
3 5 the fifth must be 99.
2 - -<1+-.
X X
Then ~ Since p is prime, 5p has only
~ 5p. p . 5 and 1 as factOJ'S. 'T'he
8 s um of these is 5p + p + 5 + I , or
1 < -.
X 6p + 6.

NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY

is inviting applications for admission into its
DOCTORAL PROGRAM IN MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES
with a choice of emphases in
Mathematics Education
Pure Mathematics
Applied Mathematics
Computational Mathematics
A strong bachelor's degree in mathematics is required for entrance into the program. The program includes an
appropriately selected applications-involvement component. Fellowships and teaching and research assistantships are
available. For more information, write to Director of Graduate Studies, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Northern
Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115.

Marchl98B --------------------------------------------------------------- 193