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Sensor Mic

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30 views

Sensor Mic

Uploaded by

NOUARI mohamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electret Microphone

Laboratory Outline
An electret microphone with proper biasing (the way you apply voltages to power it and make it operate in a predictable
manner) produces a response from ordinary sounds often measured only in the millivolts or tens-of-millivolts range. These
voltages are small enough that typical electronic circuits would fail to capitalize on the sound information for typical sound
applications like detection (did someone clap?), equalization (pump up the bass!), or even transmission over short distances
(tiny signal + tiny noises = significant noise interference). For this reason, the electret microphone’s output voltage should be
immediately amplified to both preserve the original integrity (lowest noise) version of the signal and allow for additional
electronics operations at voltage levels typical of basic electronic devices like diodes and transistors.

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+

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Figure 1: A photo and a model of the inner operation of the electret microphone capsule. Close examination of the
photo shows the negative lead has metallic connections to the case or “can” of the mic capsule. Photo credit:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Electret_condenser_microphone_capsules.jpg
Notes:
Prerequisites
• Recommended module: OpAmp Amplifier with Gain and Offset Control
• Knowing how to construct a breadboard circuit containing an IC.
• Use of an oscilloscope.

Parts Needed
• (1) 1 𝑘𝑘Ω resistor, (1) 1 𝑘𝑘Ω potentiometer, (1) 0.1 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇 capacitor
• (1) electret microphone capsule,
• A battery with nominal voltage 6-9 volts

Learning Objectives
• To gain practical experience in circuit building and use of a microphone.
• To improve oscilloscope skills.

Procedure
Part of this construction may be done at home to save lab time for when you need access to the benchtop equipment.

Microphone with Voltage Amplification, Copyright 2021 University of Illinois, last updated 11/03/2021
Notes:

(a) (b)

Figure 2: (a) A resistor provides bias to the internal MOSFET of the capsule. (b) An AC-coupling capacitor removes the
DC component of 𝑉𝑉1 before sending the microphone signal to the next component.
“Bias” the Mic: Please be aware that the microphone is NOT symmetric. The internal MOSFET is a transistor that must be biased
properly as discussed in lecture and shown in Figure 2. A close observation of the electret microphone capsule (Figure 1) will
allow you to determine which of the two leads should be attached to the negative side of the battery (shown in Figure 2 as
ground). Build Figure 2 (b). Do not actually attach a battery yet. Instead, just make the connections for 𝑉𝑉𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 and ground to the
power rails of the breadboard.

Check: You can now connect one channel of your oscilloscope to view the output after the 0.1 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇 capacitor (relative to ground).
If you connect the battery and adjust your oscilloscope settings (horizontal and vertical), you should be able to see a (very-small
voltage) sinusoid when you whistle into the mic.

Microphone with Voltage Amplification, Copyright 2021 University of Illinois, last updated 11/03/2021
Notes:

Explore Even More!


The voltage level of this simple microphone circuit is too small for most applications. Consider completion of the module
Microphone with Voltage Amplification which uses an operational amplifier (LM358) to boost the voltage levels.

Electret Microphone
To gain credit for this module, you will need to submit a video that states your name and section, shows your circuit,
and then demonstrates the response of 𝑉𝑉�1 to a clap and/or whistle. Comment on the voltage level and whether it
is high enough to drive, say, a diode-based half-wave rectifier.

Microphone with Voltage Amplification, Copyright 2021 University of Illinois, last updated 11/03/2021

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