Scribd
Upload
64 views

Net Factors

The document discusses several key concepts for finding the inverse of a matrix: 1) Minors are the determinants of submatrices formed by deleting a row and column from the original matrix. The minor matrix M is formed using all minors. 2) Cofactors are found by multiplying the corresponding minor by (-1) to the power of the sum of the row and column indices. The cofactor matrix C is formed using all cofactors. 3) The adjoint matrix adj(A) is the transpose of the cofactor matrix C. 4) The inverse A-1 can be calculated using the formula A-1 = adj(A)/det(A), where det(A) is the determinant

Uploaded by

Santhosh Simha V
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
64 views

Net Factors

The document discusses several key concepts for finding the inverse of a matrix: 1) Minors are the determinants of submatrices formed by deleting a row and column from the original matrix. The minor matrix M is formed using all minors. 2) Cofactors are found by multiplying the corresponding minor by (-1) to the power of the sum of the row and column indices. The cofactor matrix C is formed using all cofactors. 3) The adjoint matrix adj(A) is the transpose of the cofactor matrix C. 4) The inverse A-1 can be calculated using the formula A-1 = adj(A)/det(A), where det(A) is the determinant

Uploaded by

Santhosh Simha V
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Minors, Cofactors, and the Adjoint

There are many useful applications of the determinant. Cofactor expansion is one technique in computing determinants. Now, we discuss how to find these cofactors through minors of a matrix and use both of these elements to find the adjoint of A. Then by the adjoint and determinant, we can develop a formula for finding the inverse of a matrix. Minors: To find the minors of any matrix, expand block out every row and column one at a time until all the minors are found. Steps to Finding Each Minor Of A Matrix: 1. Delete the ith row and jth column of the matrix. 2. Compute the determinant of the remaining matrix after deleting the row and column of step 1.

1 1 2 Example: Find the minors of the matrix 2 1 1 . 1 1 1


*Note: This step procedure just outlines finding the minor M11 of the matrix. 1. Delete the ith row and jth column of the matrix. 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2. Compute the determinant of the remaining matrix after deleting the row and column of step 1. 1 1 2 2 1 1 M = det 1 1 = (1)(1) (1)(1) = 0 11 1 1 1 1 1 Using the same steps above, the other minors of the matrix are given below. 2 1 2 1 = 3 M 13 = det M 12 = det =3 1 1 1 1 1 2 M 21 = det = 1 1 1 1 1 M 23 = det =2 1 1 1 2 M 32 = det = 3 2 1 1 2 M 22 = det = 3 1 1 1 2 M 31 = det =1 1 1 1 1 M 33 = det =1 2 1

Thus, the minor matrix is given by

0 3 3 M = 1 3 2 1 3 1
Cofactors: To find the cofactors of a matrix, just use the minors and apply the following formula: Cij = (-1)i + j Mij where Mij is the minor in the ith row, jth position of the matrix.

1 1 2 Example: Find the cofactors of the matrix 2 1 1 . 1 1 1 0 3 3 We know that the minor matrix is given by M = 1 3 2 . So computing the 1 3 1 3 0 3 1 3 2 cofactor matrix C yields C = 1 3 1
Adjoint: To find the adjoint of a matrix denoted by adj(A), just transpose the cofactor matrix.

1 1 2 Example: Find the adjoint of the matrix 2 1 1 . 1 1 1


Since we know the cofactor matrix, we can just transpose the matrix which yields the following result. T 3 0 3 0 1 1 adj ( A) = C T = 1 3 2 = 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 1 1

Finding Inverses Using the Adjoint: The inverse can be easily calculated using the following formula: 1 A 1 = adj ( A) det( A) 1 1 2 Example: Using the adjoint, find the inverse of the matrix 2 1 1 . 1 1 1 0 1 1 1. From earlier, we found tha thte adj(A) is given by the matrix 3 3 3 . 3 3 1 2. Find det(A). Use row/column operations to introduce zeros to use cofactor expansion or reduce the matrix to triangular form. 1 1 2 R 2 2 R1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 R 3 R1 det 0 1 3 R 3 2 det 0 1 3 R2 det 1 1 1 0 2 3 0 0 3 Since the matrix is upper triangular then the determinant will be the product of the main diagonal. 1 1 2 det 0 1 3 = (1)(1)(3) = 3 0 0 3 *Note: If the determinant is zero, then the inverse does not exist. 3. Use (1) and (2) to find the inverse. 1 A 1 = adj ( A) det( A)

0 1 1 1 = 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 0 1 / 3 1 / 3 = 1 1 1 1 1 1 / 3 0 1 / 3 1 / 3 Therefore, the inverse is given by A = 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 / 3


1

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy