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Matrices

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6 views

Matrices

Uploaded by

arshlankhan7860
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Shree Mahaveerai Namah

Matrices
The minor of matrix is for each element of matrix and is equal to the part of
the matrix remaining after excluding the row and the column containing that
particular element. The minor of matrix is defined only for a square matrix.
The minor of the element 'a' in the matrix A = is
d.
How to Find Minors of Matrix?
There are two simple steps to find the minor of the matrix. First identity and
exclude the row and the column which contains the particular element within
the matrix. Next, form a new smaller matrix with the remaining elements, to
represent the minor of the particular element of the matrix. The minor of
element ‘e’ of matrix A
A= is M22 =
FAQ
 What Are the Uses of Minors of Matrix?
The minor of matrix is useful to find the cofactors of the elements of
the matrix. The minors of the matrix is used to find the determinant
value of the matrix. Further, these minors and cofactors of the matrix
can be used to find the determinant of the matrix, adjoint of the
matrix, and the inverse of the matrix.
 What is the minor of element -2 in the matrix
 ?
• Cofactor Matrix
• Cofactor of an element in matrix A is obtained when the minor Mij of
the element is multiplied with (-1)i+j. The cofactor of an element is
denoted as Cij. If the minor of a matrix is Mij, then the cofactor of the
element would be:
• Cij=(−1)(i+j) Mij
• The matrix formed with the cofactors of the elements of the matrix
and is called the cofactor matrix.

• Cofactor Matrix = C =
• This cofactor matrix is being referred to the matrix A.
 Adjoint of the matrix
The adjoint of a 3 x 3 matrix can be obtained by following two simple
steps. First, we need to find the cofactor matrix of the given matrix,
and then the transpose of a matrix of this cofactor matrix to obtain
the adjoint of a matrix.
 Adjoin of the matrix = (C) T =
 Inverse of a Matrix
The inverse of a matrix can be computed by dividing the adjoint of a
matrix by the determinant of the matrix. For a matrix A, its inverse
 A-1 = .Adj A.
 Then to solve A.X = B , Multiply from left both side by A-1 .
 A-1 .A X = A-1 .B Therefore X = A-1 .B .
 Singular and Non-singularMatrix:
 1. Singular Matrix: A square matrix is said to be singular matrix if
its determinant is zero i.e. |A|=0.
 2. Non-singular Matrix: A square matrix is said to be non-singular
matrix if its determinant is non-zero.
 Square Matrix: A square Matrix has as many rows as it has columns i.e.
 no of rows = no of columns.
Symmetric matrix: A square matrix is said to be symmetric if the
• transpose of original matrix is equal to its original matrix. i.e. (AT ) = A.
 Skew-symmetric: A skew-symmetric (or anti-symmetric or anti-metric)
• matrix is a square matrix whose transpose equals its negative i.e. (AT ) = - A.
Diagonal Matrix: A diagonal matrix is a matrix in which the entries
• outside the main diagonal are all zero. The term usually refers to square
• matrices.
• Idempotent Matrix: A matrix is said to be idempotent if A2 = A
• Involuntary Matrix: A matrix is said to be Involuntary if A2 = I.
• Rank of a matrix A of size M x N is defined as
• (a) Maximum number of linearly independent column vectors in
• The matrix or
• (b) Maximum number of linearly independent row vectors in the matrix.
• Rank of a matrix
• Definition: Let A be a non-zero matrix. Then the integer r is called the
• rank of the matrix A if,
• 1) There exists at least one minor of order r of A which is non-zero
• and
• 2) Every minor of order greater than r is zero.
• Find rank of the matrix
• Here, minor of order 3 is zero
and hence rank cannot be 3.
There exists
At least one minor of order 2
which is non-zero.
Therefore, rank of A is 2.

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