INDUSTRIAL

SECURITY
CONCEPTS

Instructors:
Myline C. Aleson, RCrim., MSCrim
Jacqueline F. Castillo, RCrim., MSCJ
Daroll C. Rabina, RCrim., MSCrim
I. INTRODUCTION
The subject covers the study of the concept and principles of industrial security. It
includes the role of security profession in Law Enforcement administration and public safety,
importance of security personnel in investigation, the concept of Criminalistics in the field of
Industrial Security Investigation and Crime Detection, to include the principles applicable to
Jurisprudence in Criminal Law, Evidence, and Criminal Procedure in relation to the legal context
of industrial security and other related laws.

II. GENERAL INSTRUCTION 

- Assessment Activities should be submitted on time, late activities will not be accepted.
- During online classes, DO NOT TURN OFF your cameras and/or microphones unless you are
told to do so.
- A Group Chat will be available for the purposes of discussion and your inquiries regarding the
subject ONLY.

III. LEARNING OUTCOMES 

At the end of every Unit, you should be able to:
 Understand the concepts of every Unit being taught
 Be able to understand Key Words/Key Terms
 Comprehend the Objectives presented in every lesson.

MIDTERMS

UNIT 1: Topic 1
a) Introduction to Security
 History
 Legal Basis

OBJECTIVES
 Understand and be able to put the historical dates and personalities in a chronological
manner.
 Identify the Legal Basis for Security
DEFINITION OF SECURITY

 Security by its own definition is the state of being free from danger or threat.
 Security is freedom from, or resilience against, potential harm (or other unwanted
coercive change) caused by others. Beneficiaries (technically referents) of security may
be of persons and social groups, objects and institutions, ecosystems or any other entity
or phenomenon vulnerable to unwanted change.
 Refugees fleeing war and insecurity in Iraq and Syria arrive at Lesbos Island, supported
by Spanish volunteers, 2015
 Security mostly refers to protection from hostile forces, but it has a wide range of other
senses: for example, as the absence of harm (e.g. freedom from want); as the presence
of an essential good (e.g. food security); as resilience against potential damage or harm
(e.g. secure foundations); as secrecy (e.g. a secure telephone line); as containment (e.g.
a secure room or cell); and as a state of mind (e.g. emotional security).
 The term is also used to refer to acts and systems whose purpose may be to provide
security (e.g.: security companies, security forces, security guard, cyber security
systems, security cameras, remote guarding).
 Security is not only physical but it can also be Virtual.

HISTORY OF SECURITY
 Forms of law and of enforcement can be traced back to the dawn of civilization. Four
thousand years before the birth of Christ in the Nile, Valley, men knew law enforcement
which is security. The Chinese, the Greeks, the Hebrews, the Persians and the Roman
empires are replete with historical background of security.

In the Christian era or after the birth of Christ, the watchman, forerunner of the security
guard was known in the old Testaments.

Security or law enforcement more often than not appeared to be military troops. During
the time that the countries were governed by royal families, military bodyguards or guardsmen
picked from the elite troops comprised of the household troops assigned to Royal Families.
Famous among them are the Praetorian Guards of Ancient Rome and the Mamluks of Egypt.
Today, the only remaining are the Swiss Guards at the Vatican in Rome.
 During the Age of Feudalism, the Anglo-Saxons brought with them to England
organizations made up of individuals to protect civil and military groups. The formal system of
security during the middle ages follows largely the refinements of existing practices. The Anglo-
Saxons (Angels, the Saxons and the Jules) from Germany, for six hundred years (450-1066)
consolidated England under a single ruler. They brought with them a stable structure and a fairly
legal system. The basic ties of society were kinship and the voluntary association between lord
and man. Kinship was the bond on which the individual depended for security and mutual aid in
all his affairs. Between lord and man, the fact was bilateral. In return for such relationship man
provided the lord with weapons, horse, land and treasures and gave total unswerving loyalty.
The system of social structure was known as the “frank-pledge”; groups of ten households
were considered a unit called “tithing”, ten tithing constituted the police organization in criminal
matters. During these times the Anglo-Saxons in the exercise of law used the oath or the ordeal
for a system or justice. Failure to appear before the court to answer a charge made one an
outlaw.

In the history of England, the Norman period (1066-1199) administered by William of

Normandy brought about such personality as “shire reeves” whose duties are directed toward
preservation of peace and order within their jurisdiction. Under the rule of Henry II, known as the
“Law Giver”, he established a truth between those crimes. Henry the II has initiated the rule of
law as distinct from the more arbitrary judgments of the Normans. The Assize of Clarendon in
1166 provided the origin of trial by jury. After the Norman Period, in 1215 the “Magna Carta”
was signed. It established the “principle of due process” by stating that no freeman could be
arrested, imprisoned, deprived of his property, outlawed or exiled or “in any way destroyed
except by legal judgment of his peers or by the law of the land”. It established the
important principle that everyone including the king is subject to law. It was at that time that a
central court system was established where in such institutions and courts like the Coroners,
Justice of the Peace, Chancery courts, the Privy Councils were established.

In 1748, author and magistrate Henry Fielding proposed a permanent, professional and
adequately paid security force. His most valuable contribution was the “Foot Patrol” to make
the streets safe and mounted patrol for the highways.

The industrial Revolution during the latter half of the 18th Century began to gather
momentum. The time people flocked to the cities lured by promises of work and wages. The
crowding of the cities with the influx of wealth seeker brought theory, crimes of violence and
juvenile delinquencies. Then came the “Laisses Faire” which contended that labor was the
source of wealth; and it was the freedom of labor, that public wealth would best be promoted.
Crime rates spiraled the response to high crimes brought citizens to resort carrying of firearms
for protection and they continued to band together to hire special police to protect homes and
properties. This was the beginning of private security.

In America, security practices in the early days of the colonization followed those of
England. Mutual protection and accountability characterized the various groups. The American
Revolution sprang and the “Declaration of Independence was born”. Police power is bestowed
upon the state to permit interference with the normal personal and property rights in the interest
of conducting government in the general public interest. In 1783, a police department was
established in New York City, followed by Detroit in 1801, Cincinnati in 1803, Chicago in 1846,
Los Angeles in 1850, Philadelphia in 1855 and Dallas in 1856.

The advent of the WWII causes an even more dramatic development of private security
agencies. Security personnel constituted a large work force, looking for jobs involving security
services and thus usher in the era of Modern Security.
In 1850, Allen Pinkerton, a cooper from Scotland and the Chicago Police Department’s
first detective established one of the oldest, private security forces in the United States. This
company aside from providing investigation of crimes and security for industrial concerns also
serves as the intelligence gathering arm of the Union Army during the Civil War. In 1889, Brinks
Incorporated started the business as a private service to protect property and payrolls. In 1909,
the William J. Burns, Inc. was formed to become the sole investigating agency for the American
Banking Association. Pinkerton and Burns were the only National Investigative bodies
concerned with non-specialized crimes until the advent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
 Pretorian Guards Mamluks of Egypt

Anglo-saxon era Tithingman

Shire Reeves Foot Patrol

Laisses Faire Sample

REFERENCES:
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/
2. http://www.preparingyou.com/

HISTORY OF SECURITY IN THE PHILIPPINES

In the 1950’s the private security agencies/guards were under the supervision and
control of the municipal and city mayors. Any civilian could be employed as a security guard
without undergoing any training at all, especially in the handling of firearms. The only
requirement then was a permit secured from the mayor where he was posted. In fact, even
foreigners or any person, regardless of age or educational background were allowed owning
and operating agencies.
There were no restrictions as to the number of guards to hire and deploy. Licenses,
business permits and guard license could be from the municipality or where an agency was
based. An agency may possess any type of firearms, there was no standard uniform for guards,
any style, color, texture, varied one agency to another, some were white and others are black.
Paraphernalia were of different mold and shape. No professional ethics for operators was
adopted, and there was no standard training for guards.
In those days, majority of security guards got convicted in criminal activities and because
of this, the organization of private security agencies in the country endorsed to Congress bill to
regulate the organization and operation of private detectives, watchmen, security guards and
agencies.
In the Philippines, it would be wise to trace the steps leading to the final signing by
President Ferdinand E. Marcos on June 13, 1969 of Republic Act 5487, the Private Security
Agency Law. In this law was assigned the most important role of Security Guard Force in
assisting the Police in its mission to safeguard lives and properties. The then Philippine
Constabulary (PC) played a great role in supervising all Private Security Agencies, Company
Guard Forces and Government Guards. The Headquarters Philippine Constabulary issued Staff
Memo dated August 04, 1969 creating the Philippine Constabulary Security and
Investigation Agency Supervisory Office (PCSIASO). After barely 2 months another General
Staff Memo was issued renaming PCSIASO to PCSOSIA.

On June 29, 1970, it was again renamed as PC Supervisory Unit for Security and
Investigation Agencies (SUSIA). However, the supervision was later on transferred to the
National Intelligence and Security Agency (NISA) now National Intelligence Coordinating
Agency (NICA). With the intention of continuously professionalizing the security industry,
several Presidential Decrees were issued such as P.D No. 11 issued on October 1972,
amending certain sections of R.A 5487 particularly Section 4 as to who may organize a security
and watchman agency; P.D 100 on January 17, 1973, further amended Sections 3, 4, 5, 8 and 9
which permits the Philippine Constabulary to deputize any private detectives, watchman or
security guard to assist in cases of emergency disaster or calamity.

With the creation of the Philippine National Police on January 1, 1991 pursuant to R.A
6975, PCSUSIA became Supervisory Office for Security and Investigation Agencies
(SOSIA) and on January 1, 1995 it was renamed as PNP SAGSD (Security Agencies Guards
Supervision Division). This unit of the PNP was given the same functions to that of the
PCSOSIA but more a challenging and expanding tasks. To date, there are more or less Two
Thousand (2,000) registered security agencies operating in the Philippines, Five Hundred Sixty
Thousand (560,000) licensed security personnel and One Hundred Twenty-Four (124) Private
Security Training Institutions.

ASSESSMENT ACITIVITY 1: History of Security