Surveillance defined

-French, Surveiller "to watch over." Veiller "to keep watch." Latin, vigilare "vigilant." Continual
observation of a person or group, especially one suspected of doing illegal. A secret observation of
persons, places and vehicles for the purpose of obtaining information concerning the identities and
activities of the subject.

Types of Surveillance
1. Moving (tail shadow) conduced when the person, activity, object at watch moves from one place to
another,
2. "Fixed (stake out) when the subject is not expected to move from area, however, surveillant may
move from one vantage to another.

Surveillance of places-crimes that require surveillance are gambling, abortion, prostitution, illegal sale
of drugs or alcohol, dishonesty among employees or infidelity in a divorce.

"Shadowing or tailing"
Shadowing or tailing is the act of following a person.

Disguising the Car

1.License plate- a popular type of black color car should be used and care must be taken that the
license plates are not identified.
2. Appearance - various devices may be used to change the appearance of a car.

Method of shodowing by foot

1.One Man shadow- this the most common because it involves the use of the least number of men.
2.Two-man shadow - this is more advantageous because it permits immediate change and are less
likely to be recognized.
3. three-mans shadower-

special method of surveillance

a.wiretapping- the telephone lines is tapped somewhere along the line, either in the street line or in
the telephone company.
b. concealed microphone - the microphone may be concealed in the room or maybe disguised as a
common object such as desk ornament.
C. Tape recorder - a pocket size tape recorder maybe concealed when recording the conversation.
d. Television-closed circuit system may be used so that the activities of the subject maybe observed
by the surveillant at a distance.

according to intensity and sensitivity

1. discreet -subject person to be watch is unaware that he is under observation.
2. Close-subjects are aware that he is under observation
3. Loose applied frequently or infrequently, period of observation varied on its occasion
4. Harassment-suspected criminals are under surveillance wherein you harass him.

according to methods
1. Stationary- this is observation of place, usually a bookie stall, a gambling joint, a residence where
illegal activities are going on (fixed position)
2. Moving-surveillant follow the subject from place to place to maintain continuous watch of his
activities.
3. Technical this is a surveillance by the use of communications and electronic hardware, gadget,
systems and equipment.

Informant-is one who voluntarily or willingly provides information to the criminal investigators and
even offers to be a witness.
Informer-is informant by profession, usually a recruited or paid asset of the investigator.
Anonymous informants- include those anonymous telephone callers or letter writer who gives
information about suspects or fugitives or justice.
Rival-elimination informant is usually anonymous as his purpose in providing information is to remove
rivals
False informant-reveals information usually of no consequence or stuffs concocted of thin air.
Frightened informant- is compelled by fear. He is afraid that when his confederate commits crimes, he
may be placed in a dangerous situation.
Self-aggrandizing informant-is a person who hangouts in the fringe of the underworld and delights in
surprising the police with choice of bits of information.
Woman informant - is usually a female associate of criminals. She gives information because her
criminal lover has jilted her.
Legitimate informant-includes operators of licensed premises who do not want their place of business
to become the hangout of dangerous criminals.

Undercover assignments or "roping" is a form of investigation in which the investigator assumes a

different and unofficial identity in order to obtain information.

preparation of assignment
study of the subject-
knowledge-
subversive organization-
Cover story-A fictitious background and history including the names, addresses, and descriptions of
the assumed places of education, employment, associates, neighborhoods, trades, and travels.
Physical details-Personal possessionsshould be obtained for the undercover investigator which are
appropriate to the character assumed to include: clothes pocketbook, a watch, a ring, a suitcase,
stubs of tickets, photographs and amount of money.
Disclosure of Identity-The investigator should be instructed not to disclose his identity or he should
remain undercover if arrested by the civil authorities.
Testing-The investigator should memorize all details in connection with his assumed role and the
fictitious portions of his biography.

1. Long-range operations can provide reliable, accurate and continuing access to information, which
would not be otherwise attainable.
2. Short-range- the duration of short undercover activity may vary considerably, form one-time
interview to a series of separate, but related actions over an extended period of time.

Terms to Ponder
1. Pre-surveillance-a'conference held among the team members, the police intelligence ont before
surveillance is conducted
2. Surveillant the observation of placesor areas from a fixed point.
3. Tailing or shadowing It is the observation of a person's movemem
4. Undercover man A person trained to observe and penetrate certain organization suspected of
illegal activities and later reports the observation and information so that proper operational action
can be made
5. Liaison Programs This is the assignment of trained intelligence personnel to other agencies in order
to obtain information of police intelligence value. (agencies like the press, credit agencies, labor
unions, tel companies, etc
6 Safe house - It is a place, building, enclosed mobile, or an apartment, where police undercover men
meet his action agent for debriefing or reporting purposes
7. Drop-It is a convenient, secure, and unsuspecting place where a police, undercover man, informer,
or informant by a pre-arrangement leaves a note, a small package, an envelope to item for the action
agent, supervisor or another agent
8. Convoy-An accomplice or associate of the subjects
9. Decoy Any person or subject, almost similar to the subject used to avoid or clade surveillance
10. Contact - Any person whom the subject picks or deals with, while he is under surveillance
11 Made-When the subject under surveillance becomes aware that be is under observation and
identifies the observer"
12. Last-When the surveillants do not know the whereabouts of their subject or the subject had
cluded the surveillance
13. Cover support - an agent assigned in target areas with the primary mission of supporting the cover
story.

Sketching- Consist of putting ideas in an accurate pictorial form. Is a means of describing an object or
area to satisfy a particular need.

methods of sketching
On the Spot-applied when security conditions on the place of observation allows the observer to
sketch or draw the objects on the area at any time.
Memory Method - applied when security conditions on the area is in such a way that the observer can
only pass by or linger for a very short period of time
c. Semi-memory Method- applied in an area where security conditions is very strict but does not
prevent the observer in making notes of what was observed.

Cover-any device utilized by person, organization to ensure that one who do not have the right to
know must not be aware of the real purpose of the mission.
Cover story-a biographical data through fictional that will portray the personality of the agent he
assumes, any scenario to cover up the operation.
Cover support - an agent assigned in target areas with the primary mission of supporting the cover
story.

Organizational Cover- any account of biographical data which when adopted by an individual will
assume the personality he wants to adopt

Aging Cover- is the process of being, in an area /condition /cover and undercover for the considerable
period of time to acquire a seemingly true identity for the purpose of gaining root of his accepted
fictitious background."

Topographical Reconnaissance-Is practically a survey of a tract of country or route, comprising both a

map and a report as to its advantages and disadvantages.
Strategical Reconnaissance -Is performed by contact squadrons, which send forward officers and
patrols to find enemy
Tactical Reconnaissance- falls to the lot of troops of all arms, whether in contact with the enemy or
for sel-protction.
Reconnaissance in Force- by s large force of all arms with the idea of provoking an enemy into
showing his hands, if nessessary by fighting

Categories of Desired Information in Casing

1. Active opposition-all organs of every security system whose task is to prevent intelligence activity in
a given area.
a. Professional service-includes counter espionage organizations, any security agency which is
organized specifically to intelligence activity in a certain area.
b. Civil service-the police, fire department, postal department, and any government agencies local'
These agencies set a definite regulation of their own, and any violation thereof may result to
confrontation, arrest and possible compromising situation.
c. Public itself-this includes local informers, sympathizers, party members and the like. All who are
willing to report information of unusual activity of careless and rough casing team or personnel.
2. Area condition and habits-description of the locality as to whether the place is a
residential,commercial, rural or highly urbanized.
3. Disposal plan"-disposal of the information in case of possible compromise.
4. Escape and evasion plan-the exist planning in case of emergencies from immediate focal point, the
general area and completely the specific area.
"Elicitation-is the technique of acquiring information or intelligence of operational value through
conversation from a person who is not aware or unaware of the specific purpose of theconversation

type of approach
a. Teacher-pupil- the subject is treated as an authority. We request him/her to enlighten us and we
solicit his viewpoint and opinions.
b. Kindred soul approach - The subject has been placed in a pedestal having some specialized quality
and you flatter him/her by showing enough concern for his/her welfare to pay special attention to his
enjoyment.
c. Good Samaritan approach - is sincere and valid offer of help and assistance are made to the subject.
d. Partial-disagreement approach - seek to produce talking by the word I'm sure if I fully agree.

a.teaser bait approach-the elicitor accumulates the sources of knowledge about a particular subject.
b. Manhattan from Missouri approach- the elicitor adopts an unbelievable attitude above anything.
He questions all statement and oppositions.
c. Joe blow approach- is "I" know the answer to everything "approach." The elicitor adopts the
attitude of being approachable of any field.
d. national pride approach- nature propensity of all person to defend their country and its policies

1. Competition Probe- this is effective when we used in connection with the teacher pupil approach
2. Clarity Probe- used to elicit additional information in an area which the response is clear
3. High Pressure Probe - it serves to pin down a subject in specific area or it may be used to point out
contradictions is what the subject has said'
4. Hypothetical Probe - presentation of hypothetical situation to get the subject to read the
hypothetical situation.

An interview-is the questioning of person who is believed to possess knowledge that is official to the
investigator.

Place and time of interview'-A place where it will provide the interviewer a psychological advantage
maybe a good site for an interview.

Rules in questioning
1. 'One question at the time-multiple questions are confusing.
2. Avoiding implied answer- implied answers are useless. Suggesting the answer defeats the purpose
of the interrogation.
3. "Simplicity of the questions-long, complicated and legalistic questions are confusing and irritating.
Subject may refuse to answer and this cause embarrassment and resentment.
4. Saving faces- embarrassment situation on the subject because of exaggeration or error in matter of
time, distance and description can be avoided if the interrogator will cooperative with the subject to
save "his face".
5. Yes and No questions- do not insist on a yes or no answer because it will result to inaccurate
answer and prevent a flow of information.
6. Positive attitude' a positive way of questioning and approach should be employed. A negative
method of questioning is inviting a negative answer.

Techniques for Controlling Digression

a. Precise questioning-restrict the range of information which the subject can give in an answer
b. Shunting technique of asking question which relates the digression to the original line of
questioning.
c. "Skipping by guessing"- questions of intervening details which is an act of anticipating conclusions
to skip probable outcome of the various stages of the subject's recital.

type of interviews
a. "Children- permission to interview children must be obtained from parents or guardians; determine
ability to discern."
b. Young persons-not ideal witness, they are ideally preoccupied.
c. Middle-aged persons-Ideal witness, they are keenly aware of his fellow beings.
d. Older Persons- Very effective witness, they add maturity to judgment."

Types and Attitude of Subjects

a. Know-nothing type-reluctant to act as witness
b. Disinterested Type- uncooperative, indifferent person
c."Drunken Type can be a good source of information because he is inspired of his own potent truth
serum.
d. Suspicious Type-fear in himself
e.'Talkative Type-no track of message, needs channeling
f. Honest Witness-cooperative and gives useful information
g. 'Deceitful Witness-obviously a liar
h. Timid Witness- uneducated, "foreign-born"
i. Boastful, Egotistic or Egocentric Witness - Self-centered, an excellent witness only if the issue is for
himself but prone to color on other topics.

Logical Approach-is based on reason. Use logic to determine why the person refuses to cooperate and
to explain the benefits of cooperating.

Emotional Approach - addresses such negative feelings as hate, anger, greed, revenge, pride and
jealousy You can increase these emotions or simply acknowledge