Name: _________________________________ Grade Level & Section: __________________

Name of Teacher: ________________________

Pasay-M9–Q2–W1-D1

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

MODULE IN MATHEMATICS 9
Quarter 2 / Week 1/ Day 1

OBJECTIVE: Illustrates situations that involve direct and inverse variations.

YOUR LESSON FOR TODAY:

 In this module, you will learn how to illustrate situations that involve direct and inverse
variations. These are two specific types of relationships between variables – direct and
inverse variation. The activities in this module will reveal your background knowledge
on these two types of variation. These are practical situations that you encounter in real
life.

TRY TO DISCOVER!

What’s the Back Story?

Read and analyze the situation below and answer the questions that follow.

Helen and Joana walk a distance of one kilometer in going to the school where they
teach. At a constant rate, it takes them 20 minutes to reach school in time for their first class.
One particular morning, the two became so engrossed in discussing an incident inside the
school during the previous day that they did not notice that the pace at which they were walking
slowed down.

Questions:

1. How will they be able to catch up for the lost number of minutes? Cite solutions.
2. How are the quantities like rate, time, and distance considered in travelling?
3. Does the change in one quantity affect a change in the other? Explain.

The situation given in the problem will help you understand the relationship that exists
between the quantities involved in the problem. Such relationship with regards to the
change in the value of a variable when the values of the related variables change, is termed
as variation. This can be further explained as we go through the given examples.
Name: _________________________________ Grade Level & Section: __________________
Name of Teacher: ________________________

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES:

I. DIRECT VARIATION

Let us consider the relationship between the length of time a car travels at a
constant speed and the distance it covers.

A car travels at 60 kilometers per hour.

How far has it traveled after

a. Half an hour?
b. 2 hours?
c. 3 hours?
d. 4 hours?

Let us organize the answers to the questions in this table?

Time
1/2 1 2 3 4
(hr)
Distance
30 60 120 180 240
(km)

Notice that as the time increases, the distance increases. As the time decreases, the
distance decreases. In fact, as time or number of hours is doubled, the distance traveled is
doubled. As time is halved, the distance is halved.The ratio of distance over time is 60.

The relationship between time and distance in this example is shown by the equation
d = 60t. The equation is called a direct variation. We say that the distance varies directly as
time. Since the distance traveled depends on the length of time the car is traveling at constant
speed, the distance traveled is called the dependent variable. The length of time the car
travels is called the independent variable. In the equation d = 60t, 60 is called the constant of
variation.

There is direct variation whenever a situation produces pairs of numbers in which

their ratio is constant. The statements;
“y varies directly as x”
“y is directly proportional to x”
“y is proportional to x”
may be translated mathematically as y = kx, where k is the constant of variation.
For two quantities, x and y, an increase in x causes an increase in y as well.
Similarly, a decrease in x causes a decrease in y.

The given problem can also be illustrated

as the graph on the right, where the equation of
variation is d = 60t.

Notice that the graph starts at the origin and

rises from left to right. In fact the graph of y = kx,
where k > 0, always goes through the origin and
moves upward to the right, and the constant of
variation is the slope of the line.
Name: _________________________________ Grade Level & Section: __________________
Name of Teacher: ________________________

II. INVERSE VARIATION

A. Speed and Time

Jeffrey and Joy are siblings who live in the same house and go to school by the same
route.

1. Joy walks to school while Jeffrey runs.

Who will reach the school first? Why?

2. If Joy and Jeffrey ran to school at the same time,

would they reach the school at the same time?
Justify your answer.

3. How does the speed at which one travels relate

to the time it takes to travel at a certain distance.

In the situation presented, as the speed one travels increases, the time it takes to
reach one’s destination decreases. Conversely, as the speed decreases, the time
increases. In this situation, “the speed s is inversely proportional to the time t,”
𝒌
and is written as S = 𝒕 . Where k is the proportionality constant or constant of variation
which is described by the equation, k = st.

B. Hurry Up!

Anna lives 40 km away from the office of ABC Corporation where she works. Driving a car, the
time it takes her to reach work depends on her average speed. Some possible speeds and the
length of time it takes her are as follows:

4 2 4 1
Time in hours 1 5 3 7 2

Speed in kph 40 50 60 70 80

To see clearly the relation of the two quantities, the graph of the relation is shown below.

The situation in the problem shows “an increase in

speed produces a decrease in time in travelling.”
In this situation, “the speed s is inversely proportional
to the time t”. Hence the equation presented in the
𝒌
table and graph is S = 𝒕 . The proportionality constant
or constant of variation is st = 40.
𝟒𝟎
Thus, the equation of variation is S = 𝒕
; where k = 40.
Name: _________________________________ Grade Level & Section: __________________
Name of Teacher: ________________________

ARE YOU READY TO PRACTICE?

Direct or Not??

Directions: Decide whether the two quantities in the situation are directly
inversely related. Explain.

a. The side of a square is related to its perimeter.

b. The number of people sharing a pizza is related to the size of the
slice each person gets.
c. The age of a used car is related to the price the owner can get for it.
d. The time a painter paints a wall is related to the area of the wall
painted.
e. The time it takes to read a book is related to the number of pages it
has.

PRACTICE EXERCISES 1:
It’s Easy as 1 + 1!!

Directions: Write DV if the given statement illustrates a direct variation and IV if the statement
is an inverse variation.

________ 1. The fare F of a passenger varies directly as the distance d of his destination.
_________ 2. The cost C of fish varies directly as its weight w in kilograms.
_________ 3. The number of pizza slices p varies inversely as the number of persons n
sharing a whole pizza.
_________ 4. The number of persons n needed to do a job varies inversely as the number of
days d to finish the job.
_________ 5. The weight W of an object is directly proportional to its mass m.

PRACTICE EXERCISES 2:
Find Me!!

Directions: Choose the letter to which type of variation the given table of values belongs.

A. Direct Variation B. Inverse Variation

__________ 1. __________2.
x 1 2 3 4
x 2 4 6 8
𝟐 𝟏
y 2 1 𝟐
𝟑 y 36 18 12 9

__________ 3. __________ 4.
X -28 -21 7 14 x -20 -15 10 25

y -12 -9 3 6 y -4 -3 2 5

Remember:
I. Direct variation: For two quantities x and y, an increase in x causes
an increase in y. Similarly, a decrease in x causes a decrease in y.
We can say that “y varies directly as x”. And may be translated
mathematically as y = kx, where k is the constant of variation.
 Name: _________________________________ Grade Level & Section: __________________
Name of Teacher: ________________________

Remember:
II. Inverse variation: For two quantities x and y, an increase in x
causes a decrease in y or vice-versa. We can say that “ y varies
𝒌
inversely as x”. And may be translated as 𝒚=𝒙 .

PRACTICE EXERCISES 3:

Directions: Given the following equations below, find the constant of variation
and write the the type of variation it illustrates.

1. y = 5x _____________ ; _____________

𝟏𝟎
2. y = _____________ ; _____________
𝒙

𝒚
3. = 25 _____________ ; _____________
𝒙

4. xy = 6.25 _____________ ; _____________

𝟖𝟎
5. =s _____________ ; _____________
𝒕

_________________________________________________________________________
Integrated the Development of the Following Learning Skills:
1. Communication Skills 2. Critical Thinking 3. Character
a.) A. Understanding of words/vocabulary. A, Observation A. Accuracy
b.) -variation, direct variation B. Evaluation B. Patience
c.) - inverse variation C. Explanation C. Perseverance
d.) B. Following instructions/directions. D. Decision Making
e.) C. Reasoning
D. Responding to ideas

EVALUATION:
Are We Related??

Directions: Underline the two quantities in each situation. Write whether they are directly or
inversely related.

___________1. The number of days a tank of water lasts is related to the number of people
in the household.
__________ 2. The water bill is related to the number of cubic meters of water consumed.
__________ 3. The cost per person hiring a taxicab to the number of persons sharing the cost.
__________ 4. The fraction of pizza per person to the number of persons sharing the pizza.
__________ 5. The age of an antique furniture is related to the price it can fetch in the market.

Prepared by:

Ma. Gloria C. Castillo

Pasay City West High School

References for Further Enhancement:

Grade 9 Learner’s Module, pp. 194-200, 206-210
Grade 9 Mathematics Patterns and Practicalities, pp.114-115, 132-133, 138-140