Facilitating Learning and Child Adolescent

Part 1

1. A student doesn’t want to go to school and attend his classes anymore because he
feels danger in the presence of some bullies among his classmates. What factor must
have influenced his motivation?
A. independence B. challenges C. friendship D. security

2. Below are principles of motivation, EXCEPT?

A. intrinsic motivation is more lasting
B. environment can be used to focus the student’s attention
C. motivation is enhanced by organized instruction material
D. concrete rewards should be repeated to reinforce intrinsic motivation

3. Elisha, a grade 12 student, sees tired and haggard in the class. She strangely doesn’t
participate in the discussions. The teacher found out that she is a part-time cashier in a
convenience store at night. What factor must have hampered Elisha to be motivated?
A. poor nutrition C. sleep
B. exercise D. unpleasant environment

4. Most DepEd teachers make sure that their classrooms are well organized and clean.
They improve the physical aspect of the learning environment. What principle of
motivation is applied?
A. Learning is motivated by incentives.
B. Instructional materials enhance motivation.
C. Environment can motivate students to focus and learn.
D. Intrinsic motivation is longer lasting and more self-directive than extrinsic.

5. Ms. Greta has been known as someone who sets high standards in learning. She
makes sure every student excels in his/her academics. Oftentimes, one of her students
name Carlos would not participate in most activities in the classroom because of his fear
of failing. Based on the student’s experience, what motivational factor influences his
learning?
A. teacher’s expectations C. poor social skills
B. difficulty of the task D. content knowledge

6. Most students who belong to families with low socio-economic status are less energetic
and active in various academic activities because of poor physical attributes. What factor
must have influenced their motivation?
A. exercise B. sleep C. rewards D. good nutrition

7. Mrs. Santos is an elementary teacher. She attends the Brigada Eskwela Program to
ensure that she could provide safe, clean and conducive classroom to her students. What
factor does she consider to motivate her students?
A. Independence C. creative expression
B. free communication D. safe learning environment

8. One pupil has had a hard time finishing his assignments but his mother promised to
treat him to Jollibee when he is done. Which part is considered extrinsic motivation?
A. the food he would eat at Jollibee
B. the mother who promised for a treat
C. the time spent for in finishing the assignment
D. the sense of fulfilment upon submitting the assignment

9. Pre-school children have generally short attention and interest span. As a teacher,
what kind of class activities would you give to motivate them to learn?
A. long but interesting C. challenging and interesting
B. both easy and difficult D. short, varied and interesting

10. Rewards are factors that contribute to the motivation of the learner, this principle by
Skinner is explained in what theory?
A. Operant Conditioning C. Classical Conditioning
B. Psychosexual Theory D. Social Learning Theory

11. Teacher Ric presents the lesson objectives to his students first before presenting the
lesson. He motivates the students through?
A. reasoning B. showing C. energizing D. goal setting

12. This is one of the basic elements of self-regulation for motivation which refers to the
belief that a person has the power or ability to reach his goal.
A. inner speech B. self-esteem C. self-fulfilling D. self-efficacy

13. Which among the following statements is the best motivation that a teacher could
employ before presenting her lesson about a fable entitled, The Little Bunny.
A. show a picture of a bunny and let the students talk about its characteristics
B. write the word bunny on the board and ask them to write a short essay about it
C. ask the students about their knowledge of authors account
D. give them a quiz about the story to check their reading skills

14. Which illustration best defines motivation?

A. behavior precedes motivation C. motivation and behavior go together
B. motivation precedes behavior D. behavior directs motivation

15. Which is an example of intrinsic motivation?

A. submitting the requirement to avoid ridicule of classmates
B. being satisfied for having additional tasks
C. returning a wallet for recognition from the school
D. completing the project for grade
16. This happens when learning in one situation improves performance in some other
situation.
A. Near Transfer C. Far Situation
B. Negative Transfer D. Positive Transfer

17. The following are the reasons why there is a failure in the transfer of learning,
EXCEPT?
A. Lack of Conceptual Knowledge C. Poor Metacognition
B. Knowledge is embedded in single context D. Provision of Conditional Knowledge

18. It is a mental structure that describes our knowledge and experiences gained
during the course of our life and how old experiences are used to understand new ones.
A. Schemata C. Learning
B. Prior Knowledge D. Concepts

19. Who is the proponent on the concept of metacognition?

A. Albert Bandura C. Ralph Tyler
B. John Flavell D. John Locke

20. It is the building block of cognition.

A. Schema C. Concepts
B. Metaphors D. Learning

6. This is the process of breaking a whole idea into small and workable components.
A. Chunking C. Highlighting
B. Questioning D. Familiarizing

21. When the lesson is complicated and too difficult to understand, what cognitive
processing is needed?
A. Extraneous C. Generative
B. Essential D. Knowledge

22. Many students do not know when and where to use their knowledge. It means?
A. They Lack of conditional knowledge
B. They fail transfer of learning
C. They lack of motivation
D. They lack of provision for learning

23. In formulating the objectives, teachers should begin with the end in mind. This
implies that?
A. Teachers should design instruction.
B. Teachers must give various activities.
C. Teachers should establish challenging standards of performance.
D. Teachers must focus on what they want students to know.
24. Which of the following objectives below is in the evaluation level?
A. Decide which proposed plan is the best.
B. Restate the reasons for weather changes.
C. Organizing the forms of pollution from most damaging to least damaging.
D. Identifying cause and effect relationship.

25. It is a small structure in our brain that is in charge of our emotion.

A. Forebrain C. Thalamus
B. Hypothalamus D. Midbrain

26. This happens when students find two events or items similar when in fact they are
not.
A. Negative Transfer C. Positive Transfer
B. Vertical Transfer D. Lateral Transfer

27. It entails a lot of checking, supervising, and seeing how the task progresses or
develops.
A. Planning C. Monitoring
B. Evaluating D. Judging

28. This refers to the formation of general ideas about the problem
A. Abstraction B. Mapping C. Retrieval D. Recalling

29. What do you call the process that enables people to make previously learned
responses suit in new situation?
A. Transfer B. Memory C. Recall D. Metacognition
30. When a boy of 5 years old shows extreme attachment to his mother, he is likely to be
undergoing the ___________ stage of psychosexual development.
A. Oedipal Complex C. Phallic stage
B. Latent stage D. Pre-genital stage

31. Harol, a 6 y/o boy likes to play with his friends, but easily gets angry when defeated.
Piaget`s theory states that this pupil is under what development stage?
A. Concrete operation C. Formal operation
B. Sensorimotor D. Pre-operation

32. What is the most likely characteristic of children aged 3 to 5 according Erikson?
A. Mischievous C. Lazy
B. Ego-centric D. Altruistic

33. Two years of age are described as “terrible two” by Erikson because ________.
A. They are inquisitive C. They are helpful
B. They are sickly D. They are assertive
34. A person who is friendly and has a capacity to make people laugh possesses:
A. Naturalistic intelligence
B. Spatial intelligence
C. Intrapersonal intelligence
D. Interpersonal intelligence

35. A child who always fights with his/her classmates, who has a very short attention
span, and who has frequent tantrums is believed to be suffering from:
A. Mental retardation
B. Down syndrome
C. Attention- Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
D. Learning disability

36. If teachers want to attain effective learning, they should first satisfy the basic needs
of their students. This is based on the theory of ______.
A. Rogers C. Horney
B. Murray D. Maslow

37. Freud: Sexual in nature; Erickson: ___________.

A. Social C. Physical
B. Cultural D. Biological

38. Metacognition is primarily characterized by:

A. Recalling the past lesson C. Formulating Hypothesis

B. Visualizing in advance D. Thinking about their thinking

39. The following are the characteristic of ADHD EXCEPT:

A. Hyperactivity C. Inattention
B. Focus D. Impulsivity

40. Teacher Alejandro would like to focus the lesson on definition of “dicotyledon”. His
lesson therefore is focusing on __________ skill.
A. Affective skill C. Psychomotor skill
B. Cognitive skill D. Holistic skill

41. He is considered as the first special education student

A. Victor of Aveyron
B. Tarzan of the Jungle
C. The hunchback of Sparta
D. The court jester

42. He pioneered in student-centered learning

A. Thomas Gordon C. Carl Rogers
B. Erik Erikson D. Rousseau
43. This premier behaviourist once said: “Give me dozen healthy infants, well-formed,
and my own specified world to bring them up in and I’ll guarantee to take any one at
random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select - doctor, lawyer,
artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents,
penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors.”
A. Bandura C. Rogers
B. Watson D. Erikson

44. His best contribution to the world of education is the 3 laws (law of effect, law of
readiness and law of exercise)
A. Rousseau C. Thorndike
B. Pavlov D. Bandura

45. The teachers’ widely accepted view of giving rewards to students is the legacy of
A. Dewey C. Kounin
B. Bruner D. Skinner

46. One of main proponent of Gestalt and who believes that the whole is more than the
sum of all its parts
A. Bruner C. Wertheimer
B. Thorndike D. Lewin

47. According to the theorist, our behaviour at a particular time is a product of the
interaction of two factors, internal and external
A. Lewin C. Locke
B. Wertheimer D. Jung

48. According to this development psychologist, children’s thinking skills move from
simplicity to complexity
A. Bandura C. Piaget
B. Thorndike D. Freud

49. This particular theorist believes that the mind is a blank at birth
A. Allport C. Locke
B. Skinner D. Binet

50. He is generally considered as the father of modern education

A. Collins C. Aristotle
B. Comenius D. Hagel

51. Kindergarten movement is the legacy of this man who is considered the father of
kindergarten
A. Pestalozzi C. Montesorri
B. Froebel D. Collins
52. He once said: “Education is not a preparation for life . . . it is life.”
A. Montesorri C. Havighurst
B. Dewey D. Skinner

53. An advocate of “project method”

A. Kilpatrick C. Havighurst
B. Herbart D. Dewey

54. He proposed that every child is born with a unique potential, his individuality, that this
potential remained unfulfilled until it was analysed and transformed by education.
A. Lewin C. Herbart
B. Kohler D. Havighurst

55. He pioneered in coming up with a list of developmental task as individuals pass

through the developmental stages
A. Havighurst C. Anastasi
B. Hurlock D. Herbart

56. This educator is famous for applying classical education to impoverished children of
Chicago Illinois.
A. Collins C. Froebel
B. Montessori D. Piaget

57. This educator opposes the traditional notion that students are empty vessels. He call
this traditional technique as banking system.
A. Herbart C. Freire
B. Locke D. Rousseau

58. One of the primary tenets of this philosophy is that learners construct their own
meaning from new information, as they interact with reality or others with different
perspectives.
A. Constructivism C. Behaviourism
B. Cognitivism D. Naturalism

59. He pioneered in the study of language acquisition of children

A. Rousseau C. Chomsky
B. Freire D. Locke

60. This condition is also called as trisomy 21

A. Turner syndrome C. Down syndrome
B. Patau syndrome D. Autism

61. Certain injury to the language area of the brain can cause the total loss of the ability
to produce and/or understand language, this condition is known as
A. Mutism C. Aspergers
B. Aphasia D. Dyslexia
62. _______is a mental disorder of neural development characterized by impaired social
interaction and communication and by restricted behaviour.
A. Mental retardation C. ADHD
B. Autism D. Physical disabilities

63. Refers to the quantitative changes in an individual as he progresses in chronological

age.
A. development C. Cephalocaudal
B. growth D. Proximodistal

64. Refers to progressive series of changes of an orderly coherent type leading to

individual’s maturation.
A. development C. Cephalocaudal
B. growth D. Proximodistal

65. _________is the ability of the brain to change from experience

A. Intelligence C. Thinking
B. Learning D. Plasticity

66. Congressman Gahaman declared in front of his aides: “If you are going to do
something wrong, just make it a point not to catch…. and don’t forget my share.” The
congressman’s moral stage may likely be in
A. Preconventional
B. Conventional
C. Post conventional
D. Between convention and post conventional

67. Peter an 8 y/o boy announced in front of his class: “Let us not cheat because this is
what our conscience is telling us”. Peter’s moral stage is most likely in
A. Preconventional
B. Conventional
C. Post conventional
D. Between preconventional and conventional

68. A type of learning that focuses on the assimilation of attitudes, values and emotional
reaction is called
A. Cognitive
B. Affective
C. Psychomotor
D. Holistic

67. Teacher Jane is concerned more on conceptual matters since reality is mental. She
upholds this kind of philosophy:
A. Empiricism C. Idealism
B. Realism D. Progressivism
68. If a teacher believes that leaning also takes place in having interaction with
environment. This teacher can be regarded as:
A. Pragmatism C. Realist
B. Empiricism D. Herbalist

69. “Life is what you make it” exemplifies best what ________ is:
A. Existentialist C. Idealist
B. Humanist D. Realist

70. “Everything changes” explains the teacher. This entails readiness to accept
challenges in life and be ready to address it. What kind of philosophy can this be
attributed?
A. Realism C. Behaviorism
B. Materialism D. Rationalism

71. Which of the following philosophy emphasizes the curriculum per se without
neglecting the importance of the details in its development?
A. Existentialism C. Experimentalism
B. Essentialism D. Constructivism

72. A school principal emphasizes the importance of Humanities. To which educational

philosophy does he adhere?
A. Existentialism C. Perennialism
B. Essentialism D. Positivism

73. If a student believes in this passage “One cannot see perfection but I long for it” then,
the student can be regarded as:
A. Empiricist C. Naturalist
B. Idealist D. Humanist

74. Which of the following should be the guiding principle of a Rationalist Teacher:
A. I must teach the students things that have great impact to culture so that he can be
assured of great future.
B. I must teach the students of things that will be needed to survive this challenging world.
C. I must teach the students of things that will develop his mental powers to conceive
great ideas.
D. I must teach the student of things that will make him love himself and attain the fullness
of life.

75. Teacher Suzanne believes that “truth exists in objective order and independent of the
knower”. She is considered __________.
A. Idealist C. Pragmatist
B. Realist D. Essentialist
76. If a teacher would say that honesty is still an important value even if no one values it,
the teacher can be regarded than as _______.
A .Realist C. Idealist
B. Empiricist D. Positivist

77. When the teacher emphases that man’s senses should be trusted because this is the
only way to acquire knowledge, the teacher can be regarded as ______.
A. Naturalist C. Empiricist
B. Realist D. Pragmatist

78. If Teacher A is a rationalist and Teacher B is a empiricist, which of the following is

correct
A. Teacher A and B are complementing to each other
B. Teacher A and B are contrary to each other
C. Teacher A and B are contradictory to each other
D. Teacher A and B are relative to each other

79. Teacher Angel, aside from being a competent teacher, is also a community leader in
their place. Which of the following should teacher Angel not do as a teacher?
A. Develop projects that will benefit the community
B. Participate actively in the activities of the community
C. Beseech donations from philanthropists in the community
D. Make herself detached to everyone in the community so that her decisions will have
no influence of community politics

80. Ms. Cruz is a Sociology Professor for almost a decade. In her class she asked this
question “What type of learning environment should a teacher implement in a high
pluralistic society?” If you are her student, what would be your answer?
A. Safe and Secure C. Safe, Secure, and Gender-Biased
B. Safe and Gender-biased D. Secure and Gender-Biased

81. In some culture, women never experienced to be in school. School is no longer

necessary for them since their essence is to serve their families and perform domestics’
responsibilities. Is this CORRECT?
A. Yes, women are domestic partners
B. No, there is gender equality in education
C. It depends on what kind of culture that a woman is accustomed to
D. No, women have also possess skills just like men

82. If a teacher states that “Specialization is knowing more and more about less and less,
hence it is better to be generalist”. What kind of philosophy does he uphold?
A. Existentialism C. Essentialism
B. Progressivism D. Positivism
83. Which among the following pillars of learning aimed for the holistic development and
complete fulfilment of man?
A. Learning to Do C. Learning to Be
B. Learning to Live Together D. Learning to Know

84. Among the following situations which violate the principle of respect?
A. Teacher Helen tells her student that what Teacher Joann taught is wrong
B. Teacher Joann, upon learning what Teacher Helen did, asked the students not to
attend her class
C. Teacher Janis is giving special favor to students to please the students so that she can
get a remarkable result in the evaluation.
D. All of the above

85. Which among the following are the basic assumptions of behaviorists?
A. All behavior are shaped by environmental events.
B. Man is free and his behavior can never be shaped by environment.
C. The mind of a new born child is ‘tabula rasa’.
D. All of the above

86. For Teacher Kristine to promote fairness among her students of diverse gender, family
background and culture, she should ensure a learning environment that is
A. Inclusive C. Secure
B. Gender-Sensitive D. All of the above

87. Teacher Chris is a Reading Teacher. She keeps on advising her class to “read
between the lines. What does she mean on this?
A. Skip not even a single paragraph in reading
B. Ascertain what is meant by what is stated
C. Look for the main thought of what is reading
D. Relate to life what is read

88. Which among the following should be developed in curriculum to counteract the
growing number of shooting incidents in school abroad?
A. Inclusion of socio-emotional teaching
B. Intensify the focus on academic achievement and productivity
C. Emphasize cooperative learning rather than of competition to others
D. All of the above

89. Teacher Jon knows the illegal gambling that his neighbor is operating. However, he
chooses to be quiet about for the fear of getting involved in any investigation that may
lead to this. Which among the principle of morality does Teacher Jon fail to comply?
A. Choose the good and avoid evil
B. Choose the lesser evil
C. The end justifies the mean
D. The end does not justify the mean
90. Teacher Tisha has a death threat over her head. She was asked to pass an
undeserving student. In line with the philosophy of utilitarianism, what should Teacher
Tisha do?
A. Pass the student. Her life is far important than that of the passing of the undeserving
student.
B. Pass the student. She is a good teacher and does not deserve to receive a death threat
only because of an undeserving student.
C. Pass not the student and live to her principle that reward may not be here but in the
next life.
D. Pass not the student. She does not like someone to always give her a death threat in
order to pass.

91. You arrive at knowledge by the re-thinking of latent ideas. From whom does this
thinking come?
A. Realist C. Idealist
B. Empiricist D. Experimentalist

92. When all other requirements are met, when should religion be taught in public schools
as provided for in the Constitution?
A. Outside regular class hours C. Once a week after class hours
B. Once a week at lunch break D. Within the regular class hours

93. Which according to RA 9155 is considered as the “heart of the formal education
system”?
A. The pupil C. The classroom
B. The teacher D. The school

94. According to RA 9155, a school head has two roles, namely administrative manager
and______.
A. guidance counselor C. health officer
B. instructional leader D. facilitator of learning

95. The Values Education program teaches faith, hope and love and values which are
believed to be permanent values whether they be valued by people or not. Upon what
Philosophy is this anchored?
A. Realism C. Idealism
B. Existentialism D. Pragmatism

96. Mr. Bacudio, a principal in a public school asked her dedicated teachers to observe
the demonstration regarding Tenses, to be given by the Chair of the English Department
of a famous University. Majority of the teachers when asked to present the lesson on
tenses copied exactly what chair did. Three of the teachers however, presented the same
subject matter using different methods. The three teachers manifest what kind of
philosophy?
A. Essentialism C. Idealism
B. Perennialism D. Existentialism
97. Ms. Gabrielle told her class “In a fast changing world, values remain unchanged- it’s
absolute.” What kind of philosophy does she uphold?
A. Essentialism C. Constructivism
B. Pragmatism D. Idealism

98. Ms. Cruz is an epitome of an efficient and effective teacher. Aside from the mastery
of what she teaches, she has also the skill to make use of the best method in discussing
every subject matter. In this regard, she upholds that “her acquired knowledge can be
transferred to her students”. What philosophy can best described this attitude of Ms. Cruz
in imparting knowledge?
A. Idealism C. Humanism
B. Realism D. Perennialism

99. Arvin, a graduating student, relates that his goal in studying is just to pass all the
subjects and requirements to graduate on time. This attitude of Arvin can be attributed to
what kind of philosophy?
A. Essentialism C. Perennialism
B. Humanism D. Pragmatism

100. Ms. Gabrielle is the most admired pre=school teacher in her school. Which among
the following can be best explain her being a good teacher?
A. she adheres to the want of the parents for their children
B. she manages to instill control to her students
C. she endorses all the projects of the school for her students.
D. she gives easy exams to her students

Part II.
1. The preschool child is in the preoperational stage of cognitive development according
to Piaget's theory.
Characteristics of this stage are:
A. intermingling of fantasy, intuition and reality
B. focusing on one thing at a time
C. beginning concept development for time, space, and numbers
D. all of the above
2. A major cognitive and social change occurs as children go through their elementary
school years.
They are most likely to:
A. be best friends with the child next door rather than classmates
B. select friends from their own age group who have interests and personality traits
similar to their own
C. play with the children their parents select
D. make friends with the kids who have the nicest homes and toys
3. Molly overheard her dad telling her mom he got 'creamed' by his friend in a tennis
match. This confused Molly, causing her to experience a conflict or _____, because she
couldn't imagine her father turning into a creamy liquid.
A. Assimilation
B. Accommodation
C. Disequilibrium
D. None of the Above

4. Juan is 4 years old and has started attending a nursery school. His parents are
astounded and impressed with the way Juan learns his vocabulary through his
interactions with friends in the nursery and the teacher. He is also seen to be very
possessive of his things and do not let any other people at home use his toys and other
playthings. According to the Piagetian theory, Juan is in …
A. Formal operational stage.
B. Sensorimotor stage.
C. Preoperational stage.
D. Concrete operational stage.

5. Ana has written a very interesting essay on the topic “If men gave birth to children as
well.” The examples and the analogies she has used in her essay are so strong and
logical to convince the readers how the world would look like if men gave birth to
children as well. By judging the quality of thoughts and ideas expressed Ana probably
could be in …
A. Preoperational stage.
B. Formal operational stage.
C. Concrete operational stage.
D. Sensorimotor stage.

6. Pedro is taking an evening walk towards home with his grandfather in the dusk. As he
walks along the footpath, he looks at the sky and sees the evening moon just rising from
the horizon and feels that the moon is a living being because it moves along. This type
of thinking where children try to associate inanimate objects with life is called as…
A. Transductive thinking.
B. Syncretic thinking.
C. Decentration.
D. Animistic thinking.

7. According to Vygotsky, the range of task that are too complex to be mastered alone
but can be accomplished with guidance from a skilful partner is called
A. collaborative (guided) learning tasks
B. socially mediated activities
C. scaffolding range
D. zone of proximal development
8. Which of the following is a statement that is in agreement with Vygotsky’s theory of
development?
A. Culture and social interaction influences one’s intellectual development.
B. Genetic inheritance is more important than culture for one’s cognitive development.
C. Cognitive development processes are universal and basically the same in all
cultures.
D. Children construct their own knowledge and society can only stimulate or stifle it.
9. In Vygotsky’s theory, the range of task that are too complex to be mastered alone but
can be accomplished with guidance from a skillful partner is called
A. collaborative (guided) learning tasks
B. socially mediated activities
C. scaffolding range
D. zone of proximal development

10. According to Vygotsky, cognitive development depends on:

A. environmental pressure
B. metal maturity
C. social interaction
D. genetics

11. Vygotsky’s emphasizes the importance of a more experienced other who serves as
a guide to provide _____ for the learner.
A. questioning
B. scaffolding
C. disequilibrium
D. motivation

12. The Zone of proximal development is the level of development

A. Just above where a student is presently functioning
B. Out of the zone of where the student is presently functioning.
C. Just exactly where the student is presently functioning
D. Just below where the student is presently functioning

13. Which will probably happen if a child failed to resolve the crisis of the anal stage?
A. The child may become sexually promiscuous
B. The child may have problems with trust
C. The child may become obsessed with cleanliness
D. The child may become a smoker
14. Ben is in her High School studying in Grade XII and has already begun to make
some important decisions in life – whether to continue studying after Grade XII or join
some tertiary institutions for a professional training. Which of the following stages of
development has Ben probably entered?
A. Basic Trust vs. Mistrust.
B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt.
C. Intimacy vs. Isolation.
D. Identity vs. Identity Confusion.

15. Tacio has just taken up a career in teaching after acquiring a Bachelor’s Degree in
Education. He is also on the lookout for a life partner to settle with. Which of the
following stages of development has Tacio probably entered?
A. Basic Trust vs. Mistrust.
B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt.
C. Intimacy vs. Isolation.
D. Identity vs. Identity Confusion

16. Aga is a retired civil servant and has led a very successful life as a government
employee and is proud of what he has been able to contribute as a civil servant. All his
children have acquired university degrees and are holding good posts in the
government. In which of the following stage is Aga?
A. Basic Trust vs. Mistrust.
B. Industry vs. Inferiority.
C. Generativity vs. Stagnation.
D. Ego integrity vs. Despair.

17. Erikson's psychosocial theory:

A. is a behavioral theory of development
B. is a stage theory of development
C. is a systems theory
D. is widely used in psychiatric treatments

18. Erikson's stage of psychosocial development in which a child gains independence

from caregivers is:
A. basic trust vs. mistrust
B. industry vs. inferiority
C. initiative vs. guilt
D. autonomy vs. shame and doubt
19. According to Erikson’s epigenetic principles, the negative personality tendencies
that typically result from troubles during a stage of development are usually …
A. maladjustment and maladaptive
B. maladaptive and malignant
C. malignant and maladjustment
D. malady and malignancy

20. If reinforcement is to be most effective in the learning of a new behavior, the

reinforcement should be
A. provided as sparingly as possible
B. administered on an intermittent schedule
C. delayed until the end of the learning period
D. provided soon after the desired behavior occurs

21. On which of the following types of problems would you expect a four year old child
and a seven year-old child to perform most similarly?
A. Conservation of number
B. Classification
C. Transformation
D. Object permanence

22. Which of the following theorists did NOT develop a stage theory?
A. Sigmund Freud
B. Jean Piaget
C. B. F. Skinner
D. Lawrence Kohlberg

23. According to Piaget, our cognitive growth involves the development of what he calls
cognitive structures. Two psychological mechanisms responsible for this are
A. Organization and adaptation
B. Assimilation and accommodation
C. Adaptation and assimilation
D. Accommodation and adaptation

24. Molly overheard her dad telling her mom he got 'creamed' by his friend in a tennis
match. This confused Molly, causing her to experience a conflict or _____, because she
couldn't imagine her father turning into a creamy liquid.
A. Assimilation
B. Accommodation
C. Disequilibrium
D. None of the Above
25. Juan is 4 years old and has started attending a nursery school. His parents are
astounded and impressed with the way Juan learns his vocabulary through his
interactions with friends in the nursery and the teacher. He is also seen to be very
possessive of his things and do not let any other people at home use his toys and other
playthings. According to the Piagetian theory, Juan is in …
A. Formal operational stage.
B. Sensorimotor stage.
C. Preoperational stage.
D. Concrete operational stage.

26. On which of the following types of problems would you expect a four year old child
and a seven year-old child to perform most similarly?
A. Conservation of number
B. Classification
C. Transformation
D. Object permanence

27. Which of the following theorists did NOT develop a stage theory?
A. Sigmund Freud
B. Jean Piaget
C.B. F. Skinner
D. Lawrence Kohlberg

28. Time out is a disciplinary technique that is based on the principles of

A. operant conditioning
B. classical conditioning
C. observational learning
D. information processing

29. A mother nags her son until he cleans his room. A few weeks later, the son
spontaneously cleans his room because he does not want to be nagged. The mother's
nagging is an example of
A. positive reinforcement
B. negative reinforcement
C. vicarious punishment
D. punishment

30. When Frank was a child. He moved to a new house near a major airport. At first. He
was unable to sleep because of the loud noise cleated by the airplanes. Over time,
however. He was no longer disturbed by the plane noise. A behaviorist would most
likely describe the change in Frank's behavior as which of the following?
A. Habituation
B. Superstition
C. Shaping
D. Operant conditioning

31. A preschool teacher always washes her hands right before serving a snack to the
children. Over time, the children begin to salivate every time they see the teacher
washing her hands. According to classical conditioning theory, the teacher's hand
washing represents
A. a conditioned response
B. a conditioned stimulus
C. an unconditioned response
D. an unconditioned stimulus

32. Three-year-old Bobby likes to play with his cousin's toy kitchen, but Bobby's father
always tells him, Lobby, kitchens are for girls and you are a boy. Eventually Bobby loses
interest in playing with the toy kitchen and says, kitchens are for girls. Bobby's behavior
can best be explained by a theory of gender development referred to as
A. social cognitive
B. psychoanalytic
C. social role
D. cognitive

33. According to Piaget, our cognitive growth involves the development of what he calls
cognitive structures. Two psychological mechanisms responsible for this are
A. Organization and adaptation
B. Assimilation and accommodation
C. Adaptation and assimilation
D. Accommodation and adaptation

34. Molly overheard her dad telling her mom he got 'creamed' by his friend in a tennis
match. This confused Molly, causing her to experience a conflict or _____, because she
couldn't imagine her father turning into a creamy liquid.
A. Assimilation
B. Accommodation
C. Disequilibrium
D. None of the Above

35. Juan is 4 years old and has started attending a nursery school. His parents are
astounded and impressed with the way Juan learns his vocabulary through his
interactions with friends in the nursery and the teacher. He is also seen to be very
possessive of his things and do not let any other people at home use his toys and other
playthings. According to the Piagetian theory, Juan is in …
A. Formal operational stage.
B. Sensorimotor stage.
C. Preoperational stage.
D. Concrete operational stage.
36. According to psychoanalytic theory. Which of the following mechanisms (and the
attitude accompanying it) would be most important for healthy resolution of a little boy's
Oedipus complex?
A. Identification with the father ("I am like Daddy.")
B. Object-choice of the father ("I love Daddy best.")
C. Identification with the mother ("I am like Mommy.")
D. Object-choice of the mother ("I love Mommy best.")

37. Heather is currently taking courses in several different academic departments and
doing volunteer work to help identify and develop her interests. She also spends a lot of
time thinking about her values and goals but has not chosen a career path. Heather's
identity status is referred to as
A. fixation
B. identity achievement
C. identity diffusion
D. identity foreclosure

38. According to Lev Vygotsky, the range between what a child can do alone and what
a child can do with assistance is referred to as
A. scaffolding
B. inner speech
C. egocentric speech
D. the zone of proximal development

39. Which of the following theorists advanced the concept of the identity crisis?
A. Jean Piaget
B. Sigmund Freud
C. Lev Vygotsky
D. Erik Erikson

40. What characteristics are normal for a 5-year-old child?

A. Can tell full name and address
B. Knows main colors and counts to 10
C. Asks searching questions about life
D. All of the above

41. Which theory operates on the "stimulus-response principle", which means all
behaviors are caused by external stimuli?
a. Contextual theory
b. Behaviorist theory
c. Cognitive theory
d. Constructivist theory
42. Ms. Elisa in her Biology class accompanies her discussion with interesting visual
aids. She strongly believes that students learn better when lessons are presented with
images, real or imagined aside from mere lecture method. Which learning theory does
she upholds?
a. Dual-Coding Theory
b. Information Processing Theory
c. Meaningful Reception Learning Theory
d. Social Cognitive Theory

43. Miss Rita is an excellent Physical Education teacher. She started teaching volleyball
to her Grade 2 class. Despite all her efforts, her class does not seem to learn how to
play the game. What law of learning was disregarded?
a. Law of Disuse
b. Law of Effect
c. Law of Exercise
d. Law of Readiness

44. Teacher jay, a physical education teacher, demonstrates the new skill to be learned
so that his students can watch him and later reproduce the skill. What learning theory is
associated with the situation?
a. Dual-Coding Learning Theory
b. Information Processing
c. Schema Learning Theory
d. Social Learning

45. Patrick is always fearful of freely roaming dogs but does not mind dogs in a pen or
on a leash. What feature of classical conditioning is exhibited?
a. Discrimination
b. Extinction
c. Generalization
d. Practice

46. A music teacher is careful in planning activities for each lesson. He praises liberally
and rewards correct answers. What view of learning is exhibited?
a. Classical conditioning
b. Meaningful learning
c. Operant conditioning
d. Social learning
47. Which of the theories of learning presents or states that learning skills are
hierarchically arranged?
a. Cumulative Learning
b. Meaningful Learning
c. Social Cognitive Learning
d. Theory of Instruction

48. Which of the following best describes what meaningful learning is?
a. When what is to be learned is new and easy for the students
b. Materials presented are difficult and challenging to the students
c. When the materials to be learned is related to what students already know
d. Students find the lessons easy and relevant to what was assigned to them

49. Rita easily remember dates and events in history. What component of LTM does
Rita have?
a. Creative thinking
b. Critical thinking
c. Reflective thinking
d. Logical thinking

50. An Earth Science has just completed a unit on the sun. As she recognizes her next
unit on other stars, she uses the sun as a frame of reference. What view of learning was
used?
a. Discovery learning
b. Informative learning
c. Meaningful learning
d. Transfer learning

51. Which is an application of cognitive approach to motivation?

a. Explain the reasons for studying the topic
b. Create a supportive classroom climate for students
c. Provide clear and prompt feedback on assignments
d. Begin lessons with challenging questions and conflicting events

52. The first people power was held in February 25, 1986. What kind of knowledge is
presented?
a. Conditional Knowledge
b. Cognitive Knowledge
c. Domain-Specific Knowledge
d. Procedural Knowledge
53. The students of Mrs. Reyes were not able to learn the concepts that she presented
yesterday so she taught the same concepts again but this time using a different
teaching method. What principle of learning was applied?
a. Concepts should be presented in varied and different ways
b. Effort was put forth when tasks are challenging
c. Learning by doing is more effective than just by sitting and listening
d. Learning is aided by formulating and asking questions

54. Alvin is a transferee and feels uneasy with his new school. His teacher is very
accommodating, warm and caring. Alvin felt comfortable with the teacher display of
genuine warmth. The teacher is consistent in his manner and Alvin began to associate
school with the teacher's warmth. Which theory is being illustrated?
a. Meaningful learning
b. Operant conditioning
c. Classical conditioning
d. Observational learning

55. After just being introduced to another guest in the party, Tom cannot remember the
name of the guest he was introduced to. In what memory stage was the information
stored in?
a. Episodic memory
b. Semantic memory
c. Sensory memory
d. Working memory

56. Vygotsky claimed that social interaction is important for learning. What does this
imply?
a. Children are independent problem solvers
b. Children learn from adults and other children
c. Children learn by passive presentation of information
d. Children in the crib has no learning yet, since they are not capable of interaction

57. How would you help a student who is intelligent but is underachieving in class?
a. Provide challenging activities which he/she can accomplish
b. Recognize his talents by asking him/her to help other students with their work
c. Identify the immediate causes of difficulties that cause his/her being an underachiever
d. Allow him/her to work with the slow learner group to cope with the academic needs of
the lesson.
58. Marga, a six year old, always asked her playmates to sit in front of her small black
board and she plays teacher. Her mother is a teacher. What theory explains Marga's
behavior?
a. Classical Conditioning
b. Operant Conditioning
c. Social Learning
d. Information Processing

59. What should the teacher do to help students learn psychomotor skills?
a. Teacher uses verbal explanation and description of the movements in addition to live
demonstration of the movements
b. Teacher provides feedback to the learner about his/her progress
c. Teacher encourages the learner to practice, in order to maintain his/her sharpness of
the movements
d. All of the above

60. The teacher presented a new lesson where in the students were asked to work on a
new project which was somewhat complicated. The students showed interest while
working on the project. What principle applies to the situation?
a. Effort was put forth when tasks are challenging
b. Lessons should be presented in varied and different ways
c. Meaningful materials are readily learned than nonsense materials
d. Teachers should provide opportunities for meaningful and appropriate practice

61. Which of the following principles of learning applies to considering student's age in
presenting certain content and cognitive processes?
a. Principle of readiness
b. Principle of learning by doing
c. Principle of presenting challenging tasks
d. Principle of learning aided by formulating and asking questions

62. According to Thorndike, what law states that the strength of a connection is
influenced by the consequences of the response?
a. Law of disuse
b. Law of effect
c. Law of exercise
d. Law of readiness

63. A burglary occurred in Jason's neighborhood. Since then, Jason is very careful of
locking their doors and closing windows. What theory best explains Jason's behavior?
a. Observational learning
b. Imitation learning
c. Self-regulated learning
d. Vicarious learning
64. In observation and imitation learning, what should be the learner's response when
the teacher initially models the behavior?
a. Reproduce and match
b. Pay Attention
c. Imitate and practice
d. Shows satisfaction

65. What is the correct sequence of information processing?

a. Sensory register-STM-LTM
b. STM-sensory register-LTM
c. Sensory register-LTM-STM
d. LTM-sensory register- STM

66. What should be the hierarchy of the types of learning according to the cumulative
learning theory?
1. Problem solving learning
2. Rule learning
3. Discrimination learning
4. Concept learning
a. 2-1-3-4
b. 2-1-4-3
c. 2-3-4-1
d. 2-4-3-1

67. Which is essential in meaningful reception learning?

a. Concepts are presented to learner and received by them.
b. Concepts are discovered by the learner
c. Concepts are related to one another
d. Concepts are solicited from the learners

68. Which statement does not refer to cognitive theories?

a. Prefer to concentrate on analyzing cognitive process
b. Conclusions are based on observation of external manifestations on learning
c. Study of the structures and components of information processing
d. Believe in non-observable behavior

69. There are several reasons why problem-solving is taught in Math. Which is the
LEAST important?
a. It is the main goal for the study of Math
b. It provides the content in which concepts and skills are learned and applied
c. It provides an opportunity to develop critical and analytical thinking
d. It provides pupils an opportunity to relate Math in the real world
70. Teacher D teaches in a remote high school where newspapers are delivered
irregularly. Knowing the importance of keeping the students aware of current affairs,
what is probably the best way to keep the students updated?
a. Gather back issues of newspapers and let pupils compile them.
b. Urge the pupils to listen to stories circulating in the community.
c. Encourage the pupils to listen to daily broadcast from a transistor radio.
d. The teacher should try all available means to get the newspaper delivered to the
school

71. Devices can make a lecture more understandable and meaningful. What is the most
important thing a teacher should consider in the selection and utilization of instructional
materials?
a. Objectives of the lesson
b. Availability of instructional materials
c. Attractiveness of instructional materials
d. Degree of interest on the part of the students

72. A theory which describes how the intellect develops and comes to know and
understand the world.
a. Psychological Theory
b. Psychoanalysis Theory
c. Theory of Moral Development
d. Cognitive Theory

73. His theory focused on the problem of what people do with information to achieve
generalized in sights.
a. Kohler b. Brunner
c. Kohlberg d. Watson

74. A student has been staring at a puzzle. He/she is figuring out how to solve it and
suddenly, an idea flashed in the student’s mind and excitedly she was able to learn how
to solve the puzzle. This exemplifies ______.
A. Metacognition C. Analytical learning
B. Insight learning D. Trial and error learning

75. A person who has painful experiences at the dentist’s office may become fearful at
the mere sight of the dentist’s office building. Which theory can explain this?
A. Generalization
B. Operant Conditioning
C. Attribution theory
D. Classical conditioning
76. Teacher B engages her students with information for thorough understanding for
meaning and for competent application. Which principle governs Teacher B's practice?
a. Contructivist
b. Gestalt
c. Behaviorist
d. Cognitivist

77. Ms. Baquiran, the VE teacher, and her pupils, while working on the concept of
honesty, agreed that no cabinets and book cases would be locked throughout the day.
Which principle in affective learning is being implemented?
a. Provide exemplary models
b. Provide appropriate practice
c. Provide for pleasant emotional experience
d. Provide for independent attitude cultivation

78. Instead of asking her students to write about their reaction to a story, the teacher
asked her students to interpret the story in dance form. What principle of learning is
considered?
a. Concepts should be presented in varied and different ways
b. Effort if put forth when tasks are challenging
c. Learning by doing is more effective than just sitting and listening
d. Learning is aided by formulating and asking questions

79. In performing the minuet, first raise your heel, second make three steps forward,
third step make a point. What kind of knowledge was exhibited?
a. Conditional Knowledge
b. Declarative Knowledge
c. Domain-Specific Knowledge
d. Procedural Knowledge

80. Mrs. Mercado, the Home Economics teacher, constantly gives verbal guidance to
her pupils while practicing a sewing skill. What is the value of giving verbal guidance in
improving pupils learning behavior?
a. It promotes the growth of interest in the new learning tasks
b. It serves as informational feedback
c. It facilitates perfection of skills
d. It directs pupils' attention to more adequate and better techniques