11

PHILIPPINE POLITICS

AND GOVERNANCE

1st Quarter: Module 2

Rogelio DG. Burce

Mary Ann C. Doctor
Dr. Joel L. Salivio
Module Writer

Pol.Gov.Q1.Wk.2
HUMSS – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 2
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary:
Undersecretary:
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Development Team of the Module

Authors: Mary Ann C. Doctor Rogelio DG. Burce, Dr. Joel L. Salivio
Editor:
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Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

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Pol.Gov.Q1.Wk.2
 A. Content Standard

The learner will be able to understand and appreciate the concept of

politics, political science and governance.

B. Performance Standard

The learner will be able to demonstrate understanding on specific

phenomenon in politics and analyze how it should be studied.

Most Essential Learning (Week 1)

Differentiate the political ideologies

Learning Competency

1. Identify the meaning of ideologies

2. Differentiate ideologies

3. Value the contributions of political ideologies

Learning Objectives

At the end of this module the students will be able to;

A. Understand the meaning of ideologies.

B. Compare the fundamentals of political ideologies.

C. Value the contributions of political ideologies

EXPECTATION

This module is intended for learners of Grade 12 Social Science classes

specifically in your subject Philippine Politics and Governance.

The lessons included in your module teach you the basic concepts of
political ideologies. It also helps you to compare the different political ideologies
with their contributions in society. In this module there are activities that will
guide you to better understand your lesson.

Are you ready and excited? Let‟s start…

Pol. Gov.Q1-Wk.2
 PRE-TEST

Multiple Choice: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of your correct answer
on the space provided.

_____ 1. It is known as the origins of both Liberalism and Conservatism.

a. Europe b. America c. Africa d. Asia
_____ 2. He was the main proponent of Liberalism.
a. Adam Smith b. John Locke c. Edmund Burke d. Robert Owen
_____ 3. They usually have high regard for existing authority.
a. liberalism b. communism c. conservatism d. socialism
_____ 4. Reasoning is one of their main features.
a. liberalism b. conservatism c. socialism d. social democracy
_____ 5. A significant idea associated with communism.
a. welfare b. free-thinking c. classless d. status quo
_____ 6. The most circulated writing by Karl Marx.
a. Das Kapital b. Utopia c. Evolutionary Socialism d. Second treaties on
Civil Governance
_____ 7. The following are similarities between liberalism and conservatism except ___.
a. equality b. private property c. capitalism d. democracy
_____ 8. Abraham Lincoln proudly declared it as, “Old and tried ….”
a. liberalism b. communism c. socialism d. conservatism
_____ 9. The main proponent of conservatism
a. Karl Marx b. John Locke c. Eduard Berstein d. Edmund Burke
____ 10. This is the most celebrated similarity of communism and socialism
a. revolution b. equality c. debate d. status quo

LOOKING BACK

Word Arrangement: Rearrange the scrambled letters to find the correct word
with its corresponding meaning or explanation at the side.

SCRAMBLE LETTERS EXPLANATIONS/MEANING

1. S O P I L I T C Involves the making of collective
decisions for group of people
2. R V O G E C A N E N Usually inseparable with politics
3. P E R U B I L C The major writing of Plato about politics
4. P I R E M I A C L Difference of political science with
political philosophy
5. C R I P E R S P E T I V Difference of political philosophy with
political science

Pol. Gov.Q1-Wk.2
 INTRODUCTION OF THE LESSON

Empower Yourself- Lesson 1- The Concepts and Contributions of Ideologies

What do you believe in? And why you believe it? In what ways it helps you to live a
good and productive life?

Antoine Destutt de Tracy (1754-1836) coined the term Ideology during the
French revolution and subsequently used in public in 1796. It is a new „science of
ideas‟ from a literal meaning idea-logy. Beliefs are peoples‟ assessment of reality and
what they hold to be true whereas values are people‟s ideas about right and wrong.
Therefore, when beliefs and values are put together in a coherent system, they form an
ideology. These ideologies have simply become our way of interpreting and
understanding things in society like on how we treat those in authorities or how we
accept or adjust in some changes in our daily life.

WHAT’s ON YOUR MIND

What are some examples of this interesting mind stuff?

Liberalism! Wow! It sounds captivating and inspiring. Yes, you‟re partly

correct! This ideology which started during the seventeenth century with its well-
known proponent John Locke emphasized with what considered as its cornerstone -
the individual freedom and the highest confidence with human potentials such as his
reasoning and innate goodness than his counterpart – the animals. Thus, he can
surely manage to achieve great development and progress more than what is already
done in the past by any established institutions such as secular government and
religion. In fact, in its most extreme form called „Libertarians‟ it has embrace and
reinterprets the Enlightenment values of Americans Declaration of Independence, that
“governments derive their just power from the consent of the governed” with their
famous slogan, “That government is best that governs least.”

However, just like any movement or ideas there‟s always a counter argument.
Here comes another ideology called “Conservatism.” Yap, it might smell an old and
antique thing in your imagination of an ancestral house, but do not underestimate its
value today. Because just as an old saying goes in Filipino, “Ang di marunong
lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay di makaparoroon sa patutunguhan!” Obviously, this is
a reaction against what they seemingly see as mistakes or deviations by their
predecessor Liberalism. It was courageously led by their pioneer named Edmund
Burke who said, “Good order is the foundation of society.” In America it was
popularized and defended strongly by former U.S president Abraham Lincoln who
famously defined conservatism as “adherence to the old and tried, against the new and
untried.” Then, it was elaborated and described by political writer William Safire as
“defender of the status quo who, when change becomes necessary in tested institution
or practices, prefers that it come slowly and in moderation. Thus, in opposition with
liberalism it still prefers and believes, valued all traditional institutions and beliefs
such as family, religion and hierarchical established authority. But wait a minute!
They are cannot be classified as mortal enemies because they have something to agree
upon that include a firm commitment to individuals‟ rights to private property and
free-enterprise (known as capitalism) under a democratic principles and ideals. If you
think that‟s already the end of their complicated story because it seems they live
happily ever after under capitalism system in which they agreed. You‟re definitely
5

Pol. Gov.Q1-Wk.2
wrong because their real enemies which would give them a harsh battle are coming
under the banner of what are known as “Socialism” and “Communism.”

Just like the first two ideologies, these were considered as „brothers‟ though
have some disagreements but yet always greeting and supporting each other. Let‟s
begin with the eldest which is “Socialism.” Well, it looks friendly and accommodating
due to its root word „social.‟ In a sense it is right, because it promotes equality and
destroys any sense of hierarchical authority within the larger society. The term
socialism derived from the word „socialist‟ in Latin social meaning to combine or to
share because it highly valued social equality which is the main way to attain social
stability and cohesion. It opposes capitalism which preferred competition over
cooperation. In general use, socialism is the opposite of capitalism and moderately
considered as non-democratic. In socialist economies, the means of production are
either controlled by or directly own by the state, an obvious sharp contrast with the
first two ideologies. To maintain what they proudly claimed as „equality‟ it advocates
governmental ownership and direction of production and services known as
„command or centralized economic system.‟ There is no right to own property because
they are collectively owned by government. The slogan goes like this. “Each should
work to their capability and will receive according to their needs.”

I don‟t think if you can still choose to be friend with it now! But don‟t give up
and be impatient because I will give you the last offer of ideological friend which might
be more intimate to you because it‟s called “Communism.” It feels warm and touchy
because of its root word “commune,” as if you have already find a long-time
companion! Come on! Let me introduce it to you.

Communism is a political doctrine, originating in the French revolution,

according to which human society can be organized on the basis of the common
ownership of economic resources by the direct producers or workers. It was founded
by Karl Marx together with best friend Friedrich Engels. In his most circulated
writing „Das Kapital‟ he expounded that a revolution will surely happen as a reaction
to Capitalist failures which would ushered into an establishment of a just and
equitable society whose members owned the means of production. It has some
variants in Russia, Cuba and Cambodia. Similar with its seemingly brother it wants
equality among its members but especially the peasant or workers (proletariat) whom
he believed are really the foundation of an economy but unfortunate were highly
exploited and abused by capitalist under democratic system. However, it differs with
socialism because they advocated radical change through revolution by the workers or
proletariat against the bourgeous (capitalist) to establish a classless society. – The
ultimate goal (also known as new order) is based in their basic principle, “From each
according to his ability, to each according to his needs.” Sadly all the ideals
which they proposed are proven unrealistic and unattainable as tested by history
because the abused such as loss of freedom and economic activity are most damaging
and ineffective in uplifting the social conditions of the people.

Pol. Gov.Q1-Wk.2
 What’s More (Activity)

Activity 1- Let’s Fonder! ANONG SAY MO! Freedom or Not. Analyze the following
headlines if it describes freedom or not. Check the box that corresponds if it conveys
freedom and cross out if not. Answer the guide questions below.

Closure of Rappler News Agency

Passing of Anti-Terrorism Law

Ban on OFW deployment abroad

Lockdown due to pandemic condition

Guide Questions:
1. Which of the following headlines do you think depict freedom? Why?
____________________________________________________________________________
2. Which does not depict freedom? Why?
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. What issues are raised in the headlines? Are they important to solve the problem?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Whom do you think is responsible to solve the issue? Why?
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned!

Activity 2- BLOG ME! Interpret the memes and choose one to make
your own blog using this picture to define the meaning of ideology.
sentences to your blog.
1.

Pol. Gov.Q1-Wk.2
 Rubrics
Use this sheet to your blog.
2
Content The content of 5 ___________________________________________________
your blog could
vary, but your ___________________________________________________
topic must be
convincingly ___________________________________________________
talking about the
topic. ___________________________________________________
Completeness It must always 3
stay on topic. __________________________________________________
Creativity Put a creative 3
story, humor, a ___________________________________________________
good script,
multiple ___________________________________________________
characters.
Communication Used only 4 ___________________________________________________
simple words or
layman’s term.
Total 15pts.

Activity: 3- Let’s Think. Fill out the bubble graphic organizer with words that
you think best describe the meaning of ideology. You choose with its positive and
negative contributions in society. Base your answer from the given explanations
above. From your chosen word make a sentence to elaborate it. Write your answer
on the sheet provided.

POST TEST

______________________________________

(https://www.google.com/search?q=graphic+organizer+template&oq=graphic+organizer&aqs=chrome..69i59

CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

What I CAN Do

A. Write the ideologies being mentioned in the following statements.

1.______ It demands radical change through revolutions by the workers.

2.______ Has high regards for those in established authorities

3.______ State control and ownership of all productions and services are its

characteristics.

4.______ Human as basically good according to this ideology.

5.______ Self-governance is possible is highly encourage by this ideology.

Pol. Gov.Q1-Wk.2
6.______ Religion and family are both undeniable foundations of society.

7.______ Reasoning as the most important trait of human beings.

8._______ Russia is one of the countries where it was practiced and abolished

9._______ A strong advocate of individual freedom and private property.

10.______ Both loss of freedom and entrepreneur spirit are its darker side.

B. Fill in the blanks. Identify the following.

11.____________ He was the U.S president who defended conservatism.

12.____________He was known as co-founder of communism with Karl Marx.

13.____________A form of government within conservatism and liberalism.

14.___________ A kind of revolution in Europe where liberalism ideas started.

15.___________ Conservatives accepted it only in its most gradual way.

ENRICHMENT

Congratulations! You are almost done becoming a good politically oriented

person. Kindly answer the following questions based on your own political
understanding.
1. As a student, taking the situation of ABS-CBN. Are you in favor of the decision
given by the Congress in relation to the disapproval of their franchise renewal? What
kind of ideology have they considered in such situation?
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. Do you think that political ideologies are part of our daily life? Why?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Pol. Gov.Q1-Wk.2