VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

“Jnana Sangama” Belagavi 590018

A Seminar Report on

“DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING”

Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of degree of Bachelor of

Engineering in Computer Science & Engineering during the academic year
2016-21.

By

ARUN KUMAR M

4MU16CS085

Under the guidance of

Soumya B J

Assistant Professor

Dept. of CS&E

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING MYSURU

ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MANDYA 2020-21
 VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Mysuru Royal Institute of Technology, Mandya - 571606

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Seminar Report entitled “Digital Image Processing”
is a bonafide work carried out by Arun Kumar M (4MU16CS085), in partial
fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science and
Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka
during the year 2020-2021. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated
for the Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the report. The Seminar Report
has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of Seminar work
prescribed for the Bachelor of Engineering degree.

Signature of the Guide Signature of the Coordinator Signature of HOD

Prof. Soumya B J Prof. Gayana J Kumar Peof .Soumya B
Asst. Professor Asst. Professor Asst. Prof & head
Dept. of CS&E Dept. of CS&E Dept. of CS&E
MRIT, Mandya MRIT, Mandya MRIT, Mandya
 Mysuru Royal Institute of Technology
Mandya -571606
Department of Computer Science and
Engineering

DECLARATION
I Arun Kumar M, studying in the Eighth semester BE, Computer Science
and Engineering, Mysuru Royal Institute of Technology, Mandya, hereby
declare that the Seminar Report enititled “Digital Image Processing” has been
carried out independently under the guidance of Prof. Soumya B J, Asst.
professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mysuru Royal
Institute of Technology, Mandya. This Seminar Report is submitted to the
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belngavi in the partial fulfillment of
required for the award of degree in Bachelor of Engineering during the academic
year 2016 - 2021.

This dissertation has not been submitted previously for the award of any other
degree or diploma to any other institution or university.

Date:

Place: Signature of student

ARUN KUMAR M

4MU16CS085
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Happiness cannot be expressed by words and help taken cannot be left

without thanking. I would like to thank all of them who were a part of my
project work.

I am thankful to our principal, Dr. Suresh Chandra li S, MRIT

Mandya for all the facilities provided to us in the college.

I would like to convey my sincere thanks to Prof. Soumya B, Head of

the Department, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, MRIT.

I am especially thankful to Prof. Guyana J kumar, Assistant

Professor, Seminar Coordinator, Dept. of Computer Science and
Engineering, MRIT, for her whole hearted encouragement and individual
guidance in carrying out this project.

I express my deep profound gratitude to Prof. Soumya B J, .Assistant

Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, MRIT who has been
my guide and guiding in my endeavor to complete this project successfully.

My profound thanks to all my lecturers for extending their kind co-

operation and help during this project work

I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my family members, for

their support and love.

Finally, I would like to thank all my friends, who all made invaluable
Contributions to my work.

Thanking You

ARUN KUMAR

4MU16CS085
 ABSTRACT

Vision is a major source of information for human beings. Earlier it was impossible to
achieve but due to the development of new technologies it has been made possible . Image
processing has its impact on communication devices also. By digital image processing we can
enhance the image , extract the text from image, edges of images can be detect and we can apply
other effects also . We can get any details about the images . There are many applications of
digital image processing. Almost this technique is use in every field , medical field , robotics.,
neural networking , also useful in Crime branch for investigation. The project mainly deals with
one of the application of digital image processing that is detecting edges in the images.

Due to the fast development in the computer technology , future of the image- processing
is going to be more flexible. Digital image processing has wide range of applications. In future it
has been expected to be less expensive. Due to advancement of this technology there will be
millions of robots in world. Advances in the image- processing and artificial intelligence will
involve spoken commands, translation of languages, recognizing the finger prints, tracking of
people and things, diagnosing medical conditions, performing surgery and automatically driving
all forms of transport. With an increasing power of modern computing, the concept of
computation can go beyond the present limits and in future, image processing technology will
advance . The future trend in remote sensing will towards improved sensors that record the same
scene in many spectral channels. Graphics data is becoming important now a days in image
processing app1ications. In future image processing technique will play import role in space
also.

i
Abstract i
Table of Contents ii
List of Figures iii
List of Tables iv

Chapter Page no
1. INTRODUCTION 1
Defination 1
2. LITERATURE SURVEY 2
3. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT 3-4
Introduction 3
Purpose 3
Intended Audience 3
Intended use 3
Scope 3
Definition and acronyms 3
Overall description about software 4
System Requirements 4
4. METHODOLOGY 5-9
Stages in Image processing 5
Application 5-6
Advantages and disadvantages 7
Software design 8-9
5. RESULTS 10-13
Software testing 10
Advantages and disadvantages of edge detector 13
CONCLUSION 14
REFERENCES 15-16

ii
 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig . no Fig Name Page

1 Stages of Image Processing 5

2 Designing of GUI 8

3 Flowchart 9

4 Input image 11

5 Apply and operate 11

iii
 Digital Image Processing

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 DEFINATION

Digital image processing is concerned with processing of an image. Image processing is a

method to perform operations on images like enhancing images, extracting text from image,
detecting edge of image and many other operations. In digital image processing we take an
image and convert that image in different forms. Like if we take color image we can convert it
into grey image. In this both the input and output is an image. Usually Image Processing system
includes treating images as two dimensional signals while applying already set signal processing
methods to them.

Today, its is rapidly growing technology. It forms core research area within engineering
and computer science disciplines too. Image processing has its wide applications in robotics,
machine learning, neural networking, signal processing, medical field, graphics and animations
and in many other fields.

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 Digital Image Processing

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

Many techniques of digital image processing were developed in 1960s at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Bell Laboratories, University of
Maryland. The cost of processing of image was very high. But that changed in 1970s, when
digital image processing grow rapidly as cheaper computer and hardware became available.
Images then could be processed in real time. With the development of fast computers available
in 200s,digital image processing has become one of the most common form of image
processing. It is used because it is not only the most versatile method, but also the cheapest.

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 Digital Image Processing

CHAPTER 3

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

INTRODUCTION

This section defines the project plan for ‘EDGE DETECTION OF IMAGE’. The
functionality of the system, scope of the project and other information about specifications is
included in this plan.

Purpose

The purpose of this software is to take the input image and detect the edges in that image.

Intended Audience

It is an interactive system whose basic data element is an array that does not require
dimensioning. This allows you to solve many technical computing problems, especially those
with matrix and vector formulations

Intended Use

This software can be use to develop any application using different algorithms, data
analysis, medical field, scientific and engineering graphics, solving mathematical problems using
functions

Scope

The scope of software is vast. It can be used for designing video, electric circuits. Can be
use in medical industry , automobile industry.

Definition and acronyms

MATLAB – Matrix Laboratory

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OVERALL DISCRIPTION ABOUT SOFTWARE “MATLAB”

For implementing digital image processing we can write code in any language like
python, java and any other language. We can also use the software ‘MATLAB’ which offers lots
of feature to programmers for exploring their imagination and can make any projects related to
digital image processing by using their coding skills.

Some features of MATLAB are:

1. It has several in built commands and math functions that help in performing
mathematical calculations.
2. It also provides an interactive environment for design and problem solving.
3. MATLAB features a family of add on application specific solutions called toolboxes.
Toolboxes allow us to learn and apply special technology.
4. We can add toolboxes for signal -processing, control -systems, neural- networks, and
many other areas.
5. It has facilities for displaying vectors as graphs, and printing these graphs.
6. It include high level function for two dimensional and three dimensional data
visualization, image processing,and presentation graphics.
7. We can create GUI with the help of GUI guide to make our project more effective.
8. GUI guide contains many inbuilt functions through which we can make many unintrols
like pushbutton, toggle buttons, lists , checkboxex, axes.
9. It provides many functions and algorithms with external applications and
languages such as C, Java, .NET .

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

The software requires the following to be in the system.

Toolboxes

Minimum 5GB space required

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CHAPTER 4

METHODOLOGY

STAGES IN IMAGE PROCESSING

Fig 1.Stages of Image processing

APPLICATIONS

Almost in every field, digital image processing puts a live effect on things and is growing with
time to time and with new technologies.

1. Image sharpening and restoration-

It is the process in which we can modify the image. We can convert the color
image to grey image, sharpening, enhancement of the image, detecting edges, and
recognition of images.

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2. Medical field-
Now a days if we have brain tumor through the image processing the tumor is
detect that where the tumor is. Also it is used to detect any kind of cancer.
Xray imaging, medical CTScan , UV imaging depends on the functioning of digital
image processing.

3. Robot -Vision-
There are several robotic machines which work on this technique. Through this
technique robots find their ways. Like they can detect the hurdle and line follower robot.

4. Pattern- recognition-
It involves study of image- processing. It is also combined with the artificial
intelligence such that computer-aided diagnosis, handwriting- recognition and images-
recognition can be easily implemented.

5. Video processing-
The collection of frames and pictures are arranged in such a way that movement
of pictures become faster. It involves frame rate , motion detection, reduction of noise
and color space conversion etc.

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 Digital Image Processing

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Advantage

1. Processing of images are faster. It require less time to process the image. There is no

need of films and other photographic equipment.

2. Interactive method for detecting face, recognizing fingerprints, detecting cancer .

3. It is eco friendly process since it does not require chemicals while processing images.

4. We can change the quality of image. We can compress , enhance , quality of image

produced are good.

5. Image can be made in any required format.

6. Now a days each and every book is available on the digital stage. The demand and needs

of people are changing so having optimized digital book is need of todays generation so

the digital image processing plays vital role in publishing world.

7. Errors in images can easily be rectified.

8. It analyse blood cells and their composition in our body.

9. Through this technique robots can detect their visions.

10. Its also helps in pattern recognition.

Disadvantage

1. It is more time consuming.

2. It is cost effective.
3. More complex program are required for implement digital image processing.

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SOFTWARE DESIGN

User interface

This prototyping of this GUI is done with the help of GUI Guide.

Fig 2 . designing of GUI

• After creating the above GUI , the image is taken as input

• Convert the coloured input image in gray scale image.
• From the list choose the suitable edge detector of your choice and click on apply button.
• Final image which detect the edges in the input image.

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Fig 3. Flow chart

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 Digital Image Processing

CHAPTER 5

RESULTS

SOFTWARE TESTING

The edges must be detect in image using different edge detecting operator

The image in MATLAB database must be correctly detect the edges in the input image.

Test steps:

1. Click on the get input image button.

2. Now choose any of the operators from the list box and click on apply button.
3. Check the output image.
4. If you does not choose any option by default the grayscale image will be
displayed.

Result: The edges should be detect in the input image.

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fig 4 input image

Fig 5 Apply any operator

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Input Image Gray Image

Sobel Prewitt

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Advantages and disadvantages of edge- detectors

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CONCLUSION

In a discpline of computer vision digital image processing is becoming popular day by

day. Edge detection is the initial step of recognizing object. Edges describe the boundaries of the
object that is useful for identification of objects that are presented in the scene such as X-ray
image. Edge detection is mostly use in image – segmentation . But all the edge detection
techniques are not same. They are different from each other. In this paper we have made attempt
to detect the edges in the input images using different methods. This different edge detection
technique is implemented through the software ‘MATLAB R2008a’. It has been observed that
canny edge detection is more superior than prewitt , sobel , log , roberts edge detector.

Due to the fast development in the computer technology , future of the image- processing
is going to be more flexible. Digital image processing has wide range of applications. In future it
has been expected to be less expensive. Due to advancement of this technology there will be
millions of robots in world. Advances in the image- processing and artificial intelligence will
involve spoken commands, translation of languages, recognizing the finger prints, tracking of
people and things, diagnosing medical conditions, performing surgery and automatically driving
all forms of transport. With an increasing power of modern computing, the concept of
computation can go beyond the present limits and in future, image processing technology will
advance . The future trend in remote sensing will towards improved sensors that record the same
scene in many spectral channels. Graphics data is becoming important now a days in image
processing app1ications. In future image processing technique will play import role in space
also.

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 Digital Image Processing

REFRENCES
1. Pratt, W. K. Digital Image Processing. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1978.

2. Gonzales, R. C. and Wintz, P. Digital Image Processing. Reading, Mass.: Addison-

Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., 1977.

3. Castleman, K. R. Digital Image Processing. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall,

Inc.,1979

4. Andrews, H. C. and Hunt, B. R. Digital Image Restoration. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.:

Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1977.

5. Andrews, H. C. Computer Techniques in Image Processing. New York: Academic Press,

Inc.,1973.

6. Reader, C. and Hubble, L. Trends in image display systems. Proc. IEEE, 69, 5:606-614,
(1981).

7. Hall, E. L. Almost uniform distribution for computer image enhancement, IEEE Trans.
Computers, C-23:207-209 (1974).

8. Andrews, H. C., Tescher, A. G. and Kruger, R. P. Image processing by digital computer.

IEEE Spectrum, 9, 7:20-32 (1972).

9. Frei, W. Image enhancement by histogram hyperbolization. Computer Graphics and

Image Processing, 6, 3:286-294 (1977).

10. Sheppard, J. J., Stratton, R. H. and Gazley, C. Pseudocolor as means of image

enhancement. Am. J. Optom. and Arch. Am. Ac. Optom., 46:735-754 (1969).

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11. Radewan, C. H. Digital image processing with pseudocolor. Proc. 18th Annual Tech.
Meeting SPIE (1974).

12. Huang, T. S. Two-dimensional windows. IEEE Trans. Audio Electroacoustics, AU-20,

1:88 89 (1972).

13. Mersereau, R. M., Mecklenbrauker, W. F. G. and Quatieri, T. F. McClellan

transformations for two-dimensional digital filtering: I-Design. IEEE Trans. Circuits
Syst., CAS-23, 7:405-414 (1976).

14. Lodge, J. and Fahmy, M. M. An efficient optimization technique for the design of 2-D
linear phase FIR digital filters. Intern. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing Record,
Vol. 80CH1559-4:737-740 (1980).

15. Frieden, B. R. A new restoring algorithm for the preferential enhancement of edge
gradients, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 66, 3 (1976).

16. Huang, T. S., Yang, G. T. and Tang, G. Y. A fast two-dimensional median filtering
algorithm. IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, ASSP-27, 1:13-18 (1979).

17. Garibotto, G. and Lambarelli L. Fast on-line implementation of two-dimensional median

filtering. Electron. Lett., 15:24-25 (1979).

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