Introduce Computer Integrated Manufacturing Open

System Architecture (CIMOSA) and manufacturing

process management

-RANJIT THARU
Computer –Integrated Manufacturing(CIM )

 CIM is the manufacturing approach of using

computers to control the entire production process.
 This integration allows individuals processes to
exchange information with each other and initiate
actions.
 Through the integration of computers,
manufacturing can be faster and less error- prone,
although the main advantage is the ability to
create automated manufacturing processes.
Computer –Integrated Manufacturing(CIM )

 Typically CIM relies on closed – loop control

processes, based on real- time input from sensors. It
is also known as flexible design and manufacturing.
 In CIM system functional areas such as design,
analysis, planning, purchasing, cost accounting,
inventory control, and distribution are linked through
the computer with factory floor function such as
materials handlings and management, providing
direct control and monitoring of all operations.
Computer –Integrated Manufacturing(CIM )

 As a method of manufacturing, three components

distinguish CIM from other manufacturing
methodologies:
-Means for data storage, retrieval, manipulation and
presentation;
-Mechanism for sensing state and modifying
processes;
-Algorithm for uniting the data processing
components with the sensor/ modification
components.
Computer –Integrated Manufacturing(CIM )

 CIM is an examples of the implementation of

information and communication technologies (ICTs)
in manufacturing.
 CIM implies that there are at least two computers
exchanging information, e.g. the controller of an
arm robot and a micro- controller of CNC machine.
 Open system architecture is vendor- independent,
non- proprietary, computer system or device
design based on official and or popular standards.
Computer –Integrated Manufacturing(CIM )

 It allows all vendors ( in competition with one

another) to create add- on products that increase a
system ( or device) flexibility, functionality,
interoperatability potential use and useful life. It
also called as Open architecture.
 CIMOSA

 CIMOSA ( Computer Integrated Manufacturing

Open System Architecture), is a 1990s European
proposal for an open system architecture for CIM
developed by the AMICE (a consortium of 30 major
European vendors and users of CIM systems( e.g.
IBM, DEC, Siemens, Fiat, and Daimler-benz) for
ESPRIT( European Program for Research and
Development in Information Technology).
 CIMOSA

 The goal of CIMOSA was “to help companies to

manage, change and integrate their facilities and
operation to face world wide competition, It
provides a consistent framework for both
enterprise modeling and enterprise integration as
required in CIM environments”.
 CIMOSA is an enterprise modeling framework,
which aims to support the enterprise integration of
machines, computer and people.
 CIMOSA

 The term enterprise can be defined as describing

an organizational unit, organization, or collection
of organization that share a set of common goals
and collaborate to provide specific products or
services to customers.
 The original aim of CIMOSA (1992) was “to
elaborate an open system architecture for CIM to
define a set of concepts and rules to facilitate the
building of future CIM systems.
 CIMOSA

 One of the main ideas of CIMOSA is the

categorization of manufacturing operations:-
-Generic function:- generic parts of every enterprise,
independent of organization structure or business
area.
-Specific ( partial and particular):- specific for
individuals enterprise.
 CIMOSA

 E.g. Of generic function;

Control of work flow, administration of information,
integration of resources and management of
communication. Performed by generic system
services.
e.g. of specific function;
Design of products and production processes,
generation of production plans, scheduling of
production, shipment of products, maintenance of
equipments, process of orders, accounting.
Performed by machines, humans, computers.
 CIMOSA

 The development of CIMOSA has ultimately resulted

in two key interrelated concepts;
Modeling Frameworks:-
-Generic function are clearly separated.
-The framework supports “ to all phase of the CIM-
cycle from requirements definition, through design
specification, implementation description and
execution of the daily enterprise operation”.
Integrating Infrastructure:-
-Supports execution of generic functions and link
specific function. It is effectively the communication
system interconnects all of the functions in the CIM
system.
 CIMOSA

-This infrastructure provides “specific information

technology services for the execution of the
particular implementation model”, which has
proven to be vendor independent and portable.
-The framework furthermore offers an “event driven,
process based modeling approach with the goal to
cover essential enterprise aspects in one integrated
model. The main aspects are the functional,
behavioral, resource, information and
organizational aspect”.
 CIMOSA

CIMOSA defines four modeling views of the enterprise

function:
-The function view describe work flows
-The information view describes the inputs and outputs
required for each functions
-The resource view describes the structure of resource(
human, machines, and control and information
system)
-The organization view defines authorities and
responsibilities to individuals for functional and
control structure.
 CIMOSA

 CIM and production control system:- Computer integrated

manufacturing is used to describe the complete automation of a
manufacturing plant, with all processes running under computer
control and digital information tying them together.
 Key challenges

 There are three major challenge to development of a smoothly

operating computer integrated manufacturing system:
-Integration of components from different suppliers; When different
machines, such as CNC, conveyors and robot, are using different
communication protocols ( in case of AGVs, even differing lengths
of time for charging the batteries) may cause problems.
-Data integrity: The higher the degree of automation, the more
critical is the integrity of the data used to control the machines.
While the CIM system saves on labor of operating the machines, it
requires extra human labor in ensuring that there are proper
safeguard for the data signals that are used to control the
machines.
-Process control; Computer may be used to assist the human
operators of the manufacturing facility, but there must always be a
competent engineer on hand to handle circumstance which could
not be foreseen by the designers of the control software.
Manufacturing Process Management(MPM)

 MPM is the collection of technologies and method

used to define how products are to be manufactured.
 A cornerstone of MPM is the central repository for
the integration of all these tools and activities aids in
the exploration of alternative production line
scenarios; making assembly lines more efficient with
the aim of reduced lead time to product launch,
shorter product times and reduced work in progress(
WIP) inventories as well as following rapid response
to products or product changes.
 Manufacturing Process Management(MPM)

 In today's increasingly competitive environment,

companies are under constant pressure not only to
design new products faster, but also to ramp-up
production with minimal time to market, predictable
cost, and required quality. Improving the business
process is essential to hitting these challenging cost,
time, and quality targets.
 While the focus of many engineering centric
processes is on “what” product to produce,
manufacturing process managements defines “how” a
product is to be produced.
Manufacturing Process Management(MPM)
 By definition, of MPM receives the digital product definition
from engineering, consider the capabilities and capacities of
internal plants and external suppliers, and delivers the set of
manufacturing plans required to produce the product.
 MPM also entails giving early feedback from manufacturing
to engineering based on preliminary versions of the
manufacturing process.
 Additionally, the MPM process communities with production
system (ERP/MES*), delivering optimized routing, as well as
instruction, including all supporting documents needed by
production operators to build the product.
*Enterprise resource planning/manufacturing execution
system
Manufacturing Process Management(MPM)
Manufacturing Process Management(MPM)
 There are four key areas where companies can
typically improve their MPM process:
1. Define the manufacturing process during the
product design phase:-
Generally, designers “throw the design over the
wall” to manufacturing engineer. However, if
manufacturing engineer were given direct access to
the ever-evolving design information, they could
define the manufacturing process in parallel
product design. Furthermore, with this information,
manufacturing will become better equipped to
handle concurrent product development and better
able to in-process engineering changes.
Manufacturing Process Management(MPM)

2. Provide manufacturing engineer with access to

engineering data:-
-Accurate manufacturing process definition requires that
manufacturing engineers be able to directly reuse
engineering data, including parts, classification. Yet,
typically, manufacturing engineers lack direct access to
this information.
3.Eliminate Manual Processes:-
-Today, most process plans are defined using a spreadsheet
program, and work instruction are created using a word
processor. This use of manual tools a variety of issues;
slow execution of the process, data duplication and
inaccuracy, and chaos whenever a change occurs to the
engineering definition of the products.
Manufacturing Process Management(MPM)
4. Improve enterprise collaboration:-
-Since manufacturing environments typically span multiple
plants and time zone , and with manufactures seeking to
implement “design anywhere, build anywhere” strategies,
its difficult for manufacturing engineers to capture and share
their knowledge , and ensure consistency across the enterprise.

References:-
 Waldner, Jean-Baptiste (September 1992), principles of
Computer – Integrated Manufacturing and electrical
engineering.
 AMICE Consortium (1991), Open system Architecture for CIM,
research report of ESPRIT project 688, Vol. 1, Springer- Verlag,
1989.