Social Groups and Organizations of love and affection

● Do’s and don’ts of behavior are learned in this

Classification of People group
GROUP ● Examples: families, gangs, cliques, play groups,
friendship groups
A group serves many functions like giving an individual a
sense of identity as well as emotional intimacy. 2. Social Group according to Ties (A Secondary Group)
It consists of two or more people who are distinct in the ● Group with which the individual comes in contact
following three ways: later in life
● Characterized by impersonal business-like,
a. Interact overtime contractual, formal and casual relationship.
b. Have a sense of identity or belonging ● Usually large in size, not very enduring and
limited relationships.
c. Have norms that non-members don’t have. ● People needed other people for the satisfaction
For example: A class of students is a group who meet a of their complex needs.
few times in a week for an entire semester and identify ● Examples: Industrial Workers, business
themselves on the basis of what classes they are taking. associates. Faculty staff, Company employees
AGGREGATE 3. Social Group to Form of Organization (Informal
Group)
An aggregate is a collection of people who happen to be
at the same place at the same time but who have no ● Arises spontaneously out of the interactions of
other connection to one another. two or more persons
● It is unplanned
An example: the people in a restaurant on a particular
● Has no explicit rules for membership and does
evening are an example of an aggregate, not a group.
not have specific objectives to be attained
Those people do not know one another, and they will
● members are bound by emotion and sentiments
likely never see again in the same place and the same
time. 4. Social Group according to Form of Organization
(Formal Group)
CATEGORY
● Social organization
Third classification is category, which is a collection of
● Deliberately formed and their purpose and
people who share a particular characteristic. They do not
objectives are explicitly defined.
necessarily interact with one another and have nothing
● Their goals are clearly stated and the division of
else in common.
labor is based on member’s ability or merit
Examples of categories may include people who have
5. Social Group according to Self identification (In-
green eyes, or people who were born in the Philippines,
Group)
or women who gave birth to twins
It is a social unit in which individuals feel at home and
Social Group
with which they identify themselves
Those who interact with one another and share similar
6. Social Group according to Self identification (Out-
characteristics and a sense of unity is called a social
Group)
group. These groups may be families, companies,
circles of friends, fraternities and sororities and local It is a social unit to which individuals do not belong due
religious congregations to differences in social categories and with which they do
not identify
Nature of Social Group
7. Social Group according to Purpose (Special Interest
➢ The group provides specific form as to the
Group)
nature of interaction in the society.
A group which is organized to meet the special interest
➢ Members should develop a structure where
of the members
each member assumes a specific status and
adopts a particular role. 8. Social Group according to Purpose (Task Force)
➢ Certain orderly procedures and values are A group is assigned to accomplish jobs which cannot be
agreed upon. done by one person.
➢ The members of the group feel a sense of 9. Social Group according to Geographical Location and
identity. Degree of Relationship (Gemeinschaft)
Types of Social Group ● A social system in which most relationships are
personal and traditional
1. Social Group according to Ties (This is considered a ● It is a community of intimate, private and
primary group) exclusive living and familism
● It is the most fundamental unit of human society ● Culture is homogeneous and traditional-bound
● A long-lasting group characterized by strong ties 10.Social Group according to Geographical Location and
Degree of Relationship (Gesselschaft) 1. Material culture is the visible part. It may be the food
we eat, your cars, your houses or anything that
● A social system in which most relationships are
members of society make, use and share.
impersonal, formal, sontractuaal or bargain-like
● Relationship is individualistic, business-like, 2. Non-material culture is intangible but this influences
secondary and rationalized our behavior like our language, beliefs, values, rules of
● Culture is heterogeneous and mored advanced behavior, family patterns and political system
Social organization Five Components of Culture
The type of collectivity established for the pursuit of 1. Technology is one component that makes our life
specific aims or goods easier. We can have volume production of goods that
can be used by us through this component.
Characterized by a formal structure of rules, authority
relations, a division of labor and limited membership or 2. Symbols are cultural representations of reality. They
admission give meanings to events and things like a statue,
handshake, college ring, flag etc.
Organization is an orderly relationship or arrangement
of parts. 3. Language is the most powerful of all human symbols
as it allows us to communicate with one another. It also
It is used to refer the interdependence and inter-related
conveys our beliefs and culture.
of parts in groups
4. Values are ideas. They determine our character. They
Examples of social organization: Family, church, college,
are the standards by which we assess goodness,
factory, a play group, a political party, a community
acceptability, beauty or desirability.
Types of Social Organization
5. The fifth component is norm. Norm is a rule that
1. Political Organization: State (Government) guides our behavior. It gives concrete terms how we
2. Economic Organization: Factory should behave – what we should do and what we should
not do.
3. Religious Organization: Church
Classification of Norms:
4. Financial organization: Bank
1. Mores distinguish right from wrong
5. Educational organization: School and Colleges
2. Folkways distinguish between right and rude. They
Goal of Social organization are referred as customs. They are measurements of
That members of an organization are inter-related to behavior but not approved by society.
each other for the pursuit of a common goal 3. Laws are written rules of conduct enacted and
Preparedness to accept one’s role and status: enforced by government
● Organization is an arrangement of persons and 4. Taboo is an activity that is forbidden or sacred based
parts on religious beliefs or morals. Breaking a taboo is
● By arrangement, it is meant that every member extremely objectionable in society as a whole. Around
of the organization has an assigned role, a the world, an act may be taboo in one culture and not in
positon and a status another
Norms and Mores of Social Organization: Examples are:
Every organization has its norms and mores which . Mores laws: child abuse, rape, carnapping, etc.
control its members, as a result, an organization can 2. Folkway laws: jaywalking, counterflowing, etc.
function smoothly if its members follow the organization
norms. 3. Law: Driving while drunk, theft, murder, and
trespassing are all examples of laws. If violated, the
Sanctions: If a member does not follow the norms he is person violating the law could get reprimanded, pay a
compelled to follow them through sanctions (conditions) fine, or go to jail.
which may range from warning to physical punishment.
For example; a member may be expelled, or dismissed 4. Taboos: abortion, addiction, cannibalism, offensive
language, slavery, etc.
Difference between Culture and Society
Society – consists of people who interact to share a
common culture
Culture and its Components Culture – consists of beliefs, behaviors, objects and
Definition of Culture other characteristics common to a particular group or
Culture is everything that is made, learned, or shared by society.
the members of a society, including values, beliefs, Where did culture originate? Biological or Societal?
behaviors, and material objects. Nature or nurture?
Two parts of Culture Nature refers to your innate qualities or nativism while
nurture is your personal experiences. Nature is your
genes, the physical and personality traits determined by
your genes which stays with you wherever you were
born or raised.
Nurture refers to your childhood, or how you were
brought up.
Nature is built from your biological and family factors
while nurture from your societal or environmental factor.
Cultural Change
● We can say that culture is learned – from our
families, peers, institutions and media. As we
absorb other’s culture, we change ours.
● It is shared as we share it with our group
members.
● It is based on symbols because these symbols
give meaning to people either to agree or not on
their use.
● Culture is integrated because if we learn culture,
we should be ready to relate all of the aspects,
not only a part or a few.
● It is also dynamic because of interaction and
change. These changes may be in the form of
discoveries, inventions or cultural borrowings.
● However, cultural diversity is also present in
society. Because of the existence of multiple
cultures, it creates differences within the society.
Sub-cultures
● Subcultures exist in small cultural groups but
differ in some way. Examples of subcultures
include: “heavy metal” music devotees, tattoo
enthusiasts, gangs, skinheads, etc.
● When you oppose to the norms and values of a
dominant culture, you possess a counterculture.
Examples of this are: protest groups, hippies,
etc.
● When your culture is dominant, and it absorbs
subcultural and countercultural groups, the
process is called assimilation.
● If culture respects cultural variations, we call this
multiculturalism.
● To end this discussion, we add ethnocentrism
which involves judging other cultures against the
standards of one’s culture; and cultural
relativism which says that a culture should be
sociologically evaluated according to its
standards, and not those of any other culture.