Scribd
Upload
18K views

Procedure of Setting Out

Setting out a building involves clearly defining its outline and center lines on the construction site based on the building plans. This allows excavation and construction to match the design exactly. There are several common setting out methods, including establishing baselines and site grids to locate building elements, and using techniques like sight rails and profile boards to control building levels and ensure vertical walls. Proper checks of measurements and alignments at each stage help detect and correct any errors for accurate construction.

Uploaded by

Maryam Mansor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
18K views

Procedure of Setting Out

Setting out a building involves clearly defining its outline and center lines on the construction site based on the building plans. This allows excavation and construction to match the design exactly. There are several common setting out methods, including establishing baselines and site grids to locate building elements, and using techniques like sight rails and profile boards to control building levels and ensure vertical walls. Proper checks of measurements and alignments at each stage help detect and correct any errors for accurate construction.

Uploaded by

Maryam Mansor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

PROCEDURE OF SETTING OUT

Setting out involves working out the location and extent of the building on site. Each site is
different, so start by establishing the particular conditions. Use information from territorial
authorities’ records combined with an on-site inspection. A building is set out in order to
clearly define the outline of the excavation and the centre line of the walls, so that
construction can be carried out exactly according to the plan. The centre line method of
setting out is generally preferred and adopted.

The method by which buildings are set out will depend upon the information provided. There
are three common methods.

A. Setting out the building elements.


B. Control of level
C. Control of verticality.

Plan location of a building

A. Baseline
B. Site grid
C. Rectangular co-ordinates

Baseline
Baselines are located by setting out their terminals. If co-ordinated they would be set out
from a traverse. The length and WCB of the baseline can be measured and compared with its
compound values. Alternatively the baseline could be set out with reference to other detail
such as road center lines, existing buildings, etc. Again it is necessary to check the measured
length against that given on the drawings. Once the baseline has been checked,
individual buildings can be located from it.
Figure 1 : Setting out a simple building

Using separate measurements, pegs can be established along the baseline opposite proposed
building corners. The final distance to the end of the baseline must be measured as a check.
A building can be set out from the baseline as follows:

A. Using a theodolite at A and sighting to the furthest end of the baseline, turn off a
right angle and establish a peg at C. Locate a peg at E in similar fashion fom B
B. Check the distance CE
C. With a theodolite at C and using CE as a baseline locate corner D. Measure the
diagonal DE to check the setting out so far.
D. Adjustments can be made to D if the check discovers an error.
E. Locate corner F from E in similar fashion and check the diagonal CF.
F. Check the length DF.

This simple procedure is quick and provides adequate checks a the work proceeds.
Irregular shaped buildings can be set out in similar fashion by turning the building into a
large rectangle. This rectangle can be set out as above, checked for squareness, and then all
the other building lines can be located within this rectangle thus preventing an accumulation
of measuring errors.
Make check at this stage to confirm accurate setting out by direct measurement from building
corners to other fixed points.

1. Site grid
Site grids can be set out from fixed baselines or direct from a co-ordinated control.
Grid intersections can be set out several ways – using distances. Perpendicular to
baselines, intersecting theodolite rays, bearing and distance from control traverse, etc.
Regardless of the method used, each grid point should be checked for accuracy of
position. The following checks should be done.
a) Each grid side should be checked for length
b) Each grid square should be checked for squareness using calculated diagonals.
c) All pegs along a particular grid line should fall on the same line – check with a
theodolite.
d) Once the grid has been checked, each grid line will act as a separate baseline
and buildings located form it as in (a) above.

Referencing the building

1. Two common methods are used:


a) Offset pegs
Each building side is extended and offset pegs are located at a Standard Offset
from the building corner. The offsets must be agreed at commencement of the
site and used throughout. The offset length should also be written on the
peg. For accuracy, use a theodolite to establish the offset pegs, and to re-
establish the building corners once the foundations are complete.
b) Profile boards:
These provide level a well as line control.
Note the following points:
i. Make the boards at least 1 m long and nail them to the back of two
posts.
ii. Set the boards to the same level related to Floor level (FL) and as
close to the ground as possible.
iii. Set the boards parallel to the building lines
iv. Transfer the building lines to the board by theodolite and mark them
with a nail.
Control of level
This can be effected using sight rails or profile bords.

1. Sight rails
These are set at the end of each trench, to a level relative to FL. Excavation is
initially controlled using a traveler and later by level pins.
2. Profile boards
These can be used either with a traveler or a string line stretched between two boards.
3. Use sand lines to indicate trench widths to excavating plant.
Foundation concrete levels are normally controlled by steel pins in the bottom o the
trench to the required level (for conventional trip foundations) or by pins in
the side of the trench (for trench fill foundation).

Control of verticality
Most small buildings, traditional methods such as spirit level plumbob will suffice, but where
accuracy in verticality is ired use the theodolite. Et the theodolite up at a known offset from
the building and telescope aligned so as to provide a vertical plane parallel to
building. Verticality can be controlled or checked using an t scale.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy